1、Designation: D 2859 06An American National StandardStandard Test Method forIgnition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Thi
3、s fire-test-response standard describes a test methodfor the determination of the flammability of finished textilefloor covering materials when exposed to an ignition sourceunder controlled laboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floorcoverings, regardless of
4、 the method of fabrication or whetherthey are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possibleto apply this test method to unfinished material; however, theresults of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactoryevaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimateconsumer use.1.3 Th
5、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all
6、 factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests1.6 The text
7、of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
8、its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1186 Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementSheetsD 123 Te
9、rminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 AATCC Standard:Method 138-1972, Shampooing: Washin
10、g of Textile FloorCoverings32.3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission:416 CFR Part 1630 Standard for the surface flammability ofcarpets and rugs (FF 1-70)16 CFR Part 1631 Standard for the surface flammability ofsmall carpets and rugs (FF 2-70)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of
11、terms contained in this test methodassociated with fire issues refer to Terminology E 176. Fordefinitions of terms contained in this test method and associ-ated with textile issues refer to Terminology D 123. Fordefinitions of terms contained in this test method and associ-ated with pile floor cover
12、ing issues refer to TerminologyD 5684.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 200
13、6. Originally approvedin 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2859 - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、page onthe ASTM website.3Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.4Can be found in Title 16, Volume 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations.Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
15、 732N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.1 finished, adjin textile floor covering materials, thecompletion of all manufacturing operations.3.2.2 flammability, nt
16、he capability of burning with aflame under specified conditions (see Terminology E 176 foradditional discussion of the term flammable.)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves the exposure of conditionedand oven-dried specimens to a standard source of ignition in adraft-protected envir
17、onment and the measurement of the re-sulting char length.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure for identificationof those finished textile floor covering materials that can berated as flame-resistant under specific controlled laboratoryconditions.5.2 This test method does
18、not specify the use of an underlaymaterial. If an underlay material is used to assess the effect ofa specific underlay in combination with a specific floorcovering, such a variation in procedure must be noted in thereport.5.3 In this test, results are observed with the specimens in ahorizontal plane
19、. Different results are possible if the samematerial is tested or used in any other plane.5.4 Test Method D 2859 for testing finished textile floorcovering materials for flammability is considered satisfactoryfor acceptance testing of commercial shipments since themethod has been used extensively in
20、 the trade for acceptancetesting. In cases of disagreement arising from differences invalues reported by the purchaser and the seller when using thismethod for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any,between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory ofthe seller shall be determined
21、 with each comparison beingbased on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sampleof material of the type being evaluated.5.5 The test procedures of this standard are part of thestandards for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs ofthe U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission4. The accep-tan
22、ce criterion of these standards requires that at least seven outof eight individual specimens of a given carpet or rug havepassed the test, that is, the charred portion of a tested specimenshall not extend to within 25.4 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of thehole in the flattening frame at any point.6. Appar
23、atus and Reagent6.1 Test Chamber, shall be a box with inside dimensions of300 by 300 by 300 mm 12 by 12 by 12 in. made fromreinforced cement board not less than 6 mm 0.25 in. thick,open at the top, and having a flat removable floor made of thesame material. The reinforced cement board shall be uncoa
24、ted,have a density of 1444 6 160 kg/m390 6 10 lb/ft3 andcomply with Specification C 1186 and with Test MethodE 136. The sides shall be fastened together and sealed toprevent air leakage into the box during use.6.2 FrameA steel plate, 230 by 230 mm 9 by 9 in., 6mm 0.25 in. thick, with a 200 6 5-mm 8-
25、in. diameter holecut in the center of the plate.6.3 Desiccating Cabinet, with an efficient desiccant, andshelves large enough to hold 230 by 230-mm 9 by 9-in.specimens spaced separately in a horizontal position.6.4 Circulating Air Oven, ventilated, forced-draft and ther-mostatically controlled in th
26、e atmosphere range of 105 6 2C221 6 4F throughout the enclosure.6.5 Glove, shall be disposable, nonhygroscopic, and madeof polyethylene or rubber.6.6 Steel Rule, graduated in 0.5-mm 0.02-in. increments.6.7 Vacuum Cleaner, of which all surfaces contacting thespecimens are flat and smooth.6.8 Laborato
27、ry Fume Hood, shall be capable of providing adraft-protected environment, permitting the observation of thetest in progress, and removing the products of combustionfollowing each test.6.9 Timed Methenamine burning tablet (pill).6.9.1 Specifications for the round, beveled, compressedtablet are:6.9.1.
28、1 Weight of 149 6 5 mg.6.9.1.2 Nominal diameter of 6.35 mm (0.25 in.).6.9.1.3 Approximate burning time of tablet alone is 130 s.6.9.2 Burning time of the tablet alone is the duration of theflaming when the tablet is tested on a metal burn plate understandard conditions of draft-free environment.6.9.
29、3 Tablets shall be stored in a desiccator over a desiccant.NOTE 1Storage of the tablets in a desiccator will reduce crackingupon ignition.7. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Test Specimens7.1 Take a lot sample as directed by the applicable materialspecification. In the absence of an applicable mat
30、erial specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the seller,select a sample comprised of a roll or piece believed to berepresentative of the lot to be tested. Each roll or piece must belarge enough to permit cutting eight specimens each 230 mm 9in. square, free of creases, fold mark
31、s, or any delamination.7.2 If the textile floor covering material has had a fire-retardant treatment, wash the specimens as directed in thewashing procedure described in AATCC Method 138-1972.7.3 Cut eight specimens, each 230 mm 9.0 in. square, fromeach sample.8. Preconditioning8.1 Precondition the
32、specimens in a conditioning room orchamber at a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at a tempera-ture of 21 6 1C 70 6 2F.8.1.1 Keep the specimens in the conditioning room orchamber until the material has attained moisture equilibriumfor testing. For moisture equilibrium, a change of less than0.1 % of
33、the specimen mass after a 2-h exposure is satisfactory.NOTE 2Practice D 1776 discusses the conditioning of textiles fortesting.9. Procedure9.1 Clean each specimen with the vacuum cleaner until it isfree of all loose ends and of any material worked into the pileduring handling. Exercise care to avoid
34、 “fuzzing” of the pileyarn.D28590629.2 Place the eight conditioned specimens in an oven in amanner that will permit free circulation of the air at 105 6 2C221 6 4F for 2 h.NOTE 3Conditioning prior to the drying operation is specified be-cause storage conditions may cause some material to be moist, t
35、husrequiring considerably more than 2 h drying time.NOTE 4Multiple test samples can be dried concurrently.9.3 Remove the eight specimens from the oven with agloved hand and immediately place them in a dessicator for 1h, or until they reach room temperature, whichever is longer,making sure that the s
36、pecimens are in a horizontal plane withthe pile side up, and that they are not resting on one another.NOTE 5Specimens taken from some carpet types may become dis-torted after drying, such that they curl at the edges. Such distortion can becorrected by rolling the affected edges in a direction opposi
37、te to the curlprior to placing in the desiccator.9.4 Place the test chamber in the laboratory fume hood withall exhaust turned off.9.5 Remove a test specimen from the desiccator and with agloved hand brush the pile into an upright position as nearlyvertical as possible. Place the specimen on the flo
38、or of the testchamber with the pile side up, exercising care that thespecimen is in a horizontal plane, then place the steel frame ontop of the specimen, and line up the outside edges of thespecimen and the frame.9.6 Place a methenamine tablet flat, and in the center of thespecimen, and ignite the t
39、ablet by touching a lighted matchcarefully to the top of the tablet. Do not contact the surface ofthe specimen with the lighted match. If more than 2 minelapses between removal of the specimen from the desiccatorand ignition of the tablet, repeat the oven drying procedure asdirected in 9.2 and 9.3.
40、Close the hood door as needed toprovide a draft-protected environment for the test. Assureadequate draft-protected air supply for combustion.NOTE 6Draft-protected environment is indicated by an undisturbedvertical smoke plume above the surface of the specimen.NOTE 7If the tablet cracks upon ignition
41、, discard the specimen.9.7 Allow the ignition flame and any propagated flame toburn out or burn until the flame or glowing reaches any pointalong the edge of the hole in the steel frame. Terminate the teston each specimen when either of the above conditions isreached.9.8 After each specimen has been
42、 tested, remove the floorfrom the chamber and free it of any residue that would preventthe next specimen from lying in a horizontal plane. Thereinforced cement board of the test chamber, including thefloor, shall be at room temperature at the start of each test. Testthe remaining seven specimens in
43、the same way.NOTE 8Testing can be expedited by providing several interchange-able floor pieces.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 A single specimen has passed the test if the charredportion of the tested specimen shall not extend to within25 6 0.5 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of the hole in the steel frame
44、at any point.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D 2859. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method of sampling used.11.2 Report the number of specimens out of the eight testedthat passed the test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionIt is not pos
45、sible to specify the precision ofthe procedures in Test Method D 2859 for measuring ignitioncharacteristics of finish textile floor covering materials sincethere is no standard reference to evaluate the precision of thepass/fail criterion. The only reportable result specified in thestandard is wheth
46、er the charred portion of the test specimenextends within 25.4 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of the hole in thesteel frame at any point. There are no requirements forquantitative measurement of the charred portion of the testspecimen.12.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias of Test MethodD 2859 for the fl
47、ammability of finished textile floor coveringmaterials can be made, since the true value cannot be estab-lished by an accepted referee method.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; ignition; pile floor coveringsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
48、n with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
49、technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
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