1、Designation: D2859 06 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forIgnition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor CoveringMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3、1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test methodfor the determination of the flammability of finished textilefloor covering materials when exposed to an ignition sourceunder controlled laboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floorcoverings
4、, regardless of the method of fabrication or whetherthey are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possibleto apply this test method to unfinished material; however, theresults of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactoryevaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimatecons
5、umer use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
6、incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tes
7、ts1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, a
8、ssociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsD123 T
9、erminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 AATCC Standard:Method 138-1972, Shampooing: Washing o
10、f Textile FloorCoverings32.3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission:416 CFR Part 1630 Standard for the surface flammability ofcarpets and rugs (FF 1-70)16 CFR Part 1631 Standard for the surface flammability ofsmall carpets and rugs (FF 2-70)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of ter
11、ms contained in this test methodassociated with fire issues refer to Terminology E176. Fordefinitions of terms contained in this test method and associ-ated with textile issues refer to Terminology D123. Fordefinitions of terms contained in this test method and associ-ated with pile floor covering i
12、ssues refer to TerminologyD5684.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011.
13、Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2859 - 06. DOI:10.1520/D2859-06R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
14、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.4Can be found in Title 16, Volume 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations.Available from U.S. Govern
15、ment Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.1 finished, adjin textile floor covering materials, thecompletion of al
16、l manufacturing operations.3.2.2 flammability, nthe capability of burning with aflame under specified conditions (see Terminology E176 foradditional discussion of the term flammable.)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves the exposure of conditionedand oven-dried specimens to a stand
17、ard source of ignition in adraft-protected environment and the measurement of the re-sulting char length.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure for identificationof those finished textile floor covering materials that can berated as flame-resistant under specific controlled
18、 laboratoryconditions.5.2 This test method does not specify the use of an underlaymaterial. If an underlay material is used to assess the effect ofa specific underlay in combination with a specific floorcovering, such a variation in procedure must be noted in thereport.5.3 In this test, results are
19、observed with the specimens in ahorizontal plane. Different results are possible if the samematerial is tested or used in any other plane.5.4 Test Method D2859 for testing finished textile floorcovering materials for flammability is considered satisfactoryfor acceptance testing of commercial shipmen
20、ts since themethod has been used extensively in the trade for acceptancetesting. In cases of disagreement arising from differences invalues reported by the purchaser and the seller when using thismethod for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any,between the laboratory of the purchaser and
21、the laboratory ofthe seller shall be determined with each comparison beingbased on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sampleof material of the type being evaluated.5.5 The test procedures of this standard are part of thestandards for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs ofthe U.S. Con
22、sumer Product Safety Commission4. The accep-tance criterion of these standards requires that at least seven outof eight individual specimens of a given carpet or rug havepassed the test, that is, the charred portion of a tested specimenshall not extend to within 25.4 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of thehol
23、e in the flattening frame at any point.6. Apparatus and Reagent6.1 Test Chamber, shall be a box with inside dimensions of300 by 300 by 300 mm 12 by 12 by 12 in. made fromreinforced cement board not less than 6 mm 0.25 in. thick,open at the top, and having a flat removable floor made of thesame mater
24、ial. The reinforced cement board shall be uncoated,have a density of 1444 6 160 kg/m390 6 10 lb/ft3 andcomply with Specification C1186 and with Test Method E136.The sides shall be fastened together and sealed to prevent airleakage into the box during use.6.2 Frame, a steel plate, 230 by 230 mm 9 by
25、9 in., 6 mm0.25 in. thick, with a 200 6 5-mm 8-in. diameter hole cut inthe center of the plate.6.3 Desiccating Cabinet, with an efficient desiccant, andshelves large enough to hold 230 by 230-mm 9 by 9-in.specimens spaced separately in a horizontal position.6.4 Circulating Air Oven, ventilated, forc
26、ed-draft and ther-mostatically controlled in the atmosphere range of 105 6 2C221 6 4F throughout the enclosure.6.5 Glove, shall be disposable, nonhygroscopic, and madeof polyethylene or rubber.6.6 Steel Rule, graduated in 0.5-mm 0.02-in. increments.6.7 Vacuum Cleaner, of which all surfaces contactin
27、g thespecimens are flat and smooth.6.8 Laboratory Fume Hood, shall be capable of providing adraft-protected environment, permitting the observation of thetest in progress, and removing the products of combustionfollowing each test.6.9 Timed Methenamine burning tablet (pill).6.9.1 Specifications for
28、the round, beveled, compressedtablet are:6.9.1.1 Weight of 149 6 5 mg.6.9.1.2 Nominal diameter of 6.35 mm 0.25 in.6.9.1.3 Approximate burning time of tablet alone is 130 s.6.9.2 Burning time of the tablet alone is the duration of theflaming when the tablet is tested on a metal burn plate understanda
29、rd conditions of draft-free environment.6.9.3 Tablets shall be stored in a desiccator over a desiccant.NOTE 1Storage of the tablets in a desiccator will reduce crackingupon ignition.7. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Test Specimens7.1 Take a lot sample as directed by the applicable materialspecif
30、ication. In the absence of an applicable material specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the seller,select a sample comprised of a roll or piece believed to berepresentative of the lot to be tested. Each roll or piece must belarge enough to permit cutting eight specimens each 23
31、0 mm 9in. square, free of creases, fold marks, or any delamination.7.2 If the textile floor covering material has had a fire-retardant treatment, wash the specimens as directed in thewashing procedure described in AATCC Method 138-1972.7.3 Cut eight specimens, each 230 mm 9.0 in. square, fromeach sa
32、mple.8. Preconditioning8.1 Precondition the specimens in a conditioning room orchamber at a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at a tempera-ture of 21 6 1C 70 6 2F.8.1.1 Keep the specimens in the conditioning room orchamber until the material has attained moisture equilibriumfor testing. For moisture
33、 equilibrium, a change of less than0.1 % of the specimen mass after a 2-h exposure is satisfactory.NOTE 2Practice D1776 discusses the conditioning of textiles fortesting.9. Procedure9.1 Clean each specimen with the vacuum cleaner until it isfree of all loose ends and of any material worked into the
34、pileduring handling. Exercise care to avoid “fuzzing” of the pileyarn.D2859 06 (2011)29.2 Place the eight conditioned specimens in an oven in amanner that will permit free circulation of the air at 105 6 2C221 6 4F for 2 h.NOTE 3Conditioning prior to the drying operation is specified be-cause storag
35、e conditions may cause some material to be moist, thusrequiring considerably more than 2 h drying time.NOTE 4Multiple test samples can be dried concurrently.9.3 Remove the eight specimens from the oven with agloved hand and immediately place them in a dessicator for 1h, or until they reach room temp
36、erature, whichever is longer,making sure that the specimens are in a horizontal plane withthe pile side up, and that they are not resting on one another.NOTE 5Specimens taken from some carpet types may become dis-torted after drying, such that they curl at the edges. Such distortion can becorrected
37、by rolling the affected edges in a direction opposite to the curlprior to placing in the desiccator.9.4 Place the test chamber in the laboratory fume hood withall exhaust turned off.9.5 Remove a test specimen from the desiccator and with agloved hand brush the pile into an upright position as nearly
38、vertical as possible. Place the specimen on the floor of the testchamber with the pile side up, exercising care that thespecimen is in a horizontal plane, then place the steel frame ontop of the specimen, and line up the outside edges of thespecimen and the frame.9.6 Place a methenamine tablet flat,
39、 and in the center of thespecimen, and ignite the tablet by touching a lighted matchcarefully to the top of the tablet. Do not contact the surface ofthe specimen with the lighted match. If more than 2 minelapses between removal of the specimen from the desiccatorand ignition of the tablet, repeat th
40、e oven drying procedure asdirected in 9.2 and 9.3. Close the hood door as needed toprovide a draft-protected environment for the test. Assureadequate draft-protected air supply for combustion.NOTE 6Draft-protected environment is indicated by an undisturbedvertical smoke plume above the surface of th
41、e specimen.NOTE 7If the tablet cracks upon ignition, discard the specimen.9.7 Allow the ignition flame and any propagated flame toburn out or burn until the flame or glowing reaches any pointalong the edge of the hole in the steel frame. Terminate the teston each specimen when either of the above co
42、nditions isreached.9.8 After each specimen has been tested, remove the floorfrom the chamber and free it of any residue that would preventthe next specimen from lying in a horizontal plane. Thereinforced cement board of the test chamber, including thefloor, shall be at room temperature at the start
43、of each test. Testthe remaining seven specimens in the same way.NOTE 8Testing can be expedited by providing several interchange-able floor pieces.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 A single specimen has passed the test if the charredportion of the tested specimen shall not extend to within25 6 0.5 mm
44、 1.0 in. of the edge of the hole in the steel frameat any point.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D2859. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method of sampling used.11.2 Report the number of specimens out of the eight testedthat passed the test
45、.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionIt is not possible to specify the precision ofthe procedures in Test Method D2859 for measuring ignitioncharacteristics of finish textile floor covering materials sincethere is no standard reference to evaluate the precision of thepass/fail criterion. The only re
46、portable result specified in thestandard is whether the charred portion of the test specimenextends within 25.4 mm 1.0 in. of the edge of the hole in thesteel frame at any point. There are no requirements forquantitative measurement of the charred portion of the testspecimen.12.2 BiasNo justifiable
47、statement on bias of Test MethodD2859 for the flammability of finished textile floor coveringmaterials can be made, since the true value cannot be estab-lished by an accepted referee method.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; ignition; pile floor coveringsASTM International takes no position respecting the val
48、idity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is sub
49、ject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the AST
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