1、Designation: D 2988 96 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forWater-Soluble Halide Ion in Halogenated Organic Solventsand Their Admixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2988; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Test
3、Methods 1, 2, and 3These test methods cover thedetermination of water-extractable halide ion in halogenatedorganic solvents and their admixtures. Fluoride ion is notmeasured due to the solubility of silver fluoride.1.2 Test Method 4This test method covers the determina-tion of chloride ion in haloge
4、nated organic solvents and theiradmixtures.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato
5、ry limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 6.2. Summary of Test Methods2.1 Summary of Test Methods 1, 2, 3Halide ion present inhalogenated organic solvents is extracted with water andprecipitated as the silver halide salt with silver nitrate. Quantityof the
6、halide present is determined by comparing the turbidityof the sample to known standards. The distilled water, as wellas all glassware used, must be halide-free.2.2 Summary of Test Method 4This test method is basedon the determination of ionizable chloride by titration withmercuric acetate solution u
7、sing s-diphenylcarbazone as theindicator.3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used to establish manufacturingand purchasing specifications. These test methods will providea means of determining the condition of the solvent in use. Ahigh water soluble chloride level may indicate the star
8、t ofsolvent decomposition.4. Apparatus4.1 Separatory Funnel, 500-mL,4.2 Nessler Tubes, 50-mL,4.3 Erlenmeyer Flask, 125-mL, and4.4 Colorimeter or Turbidimeter, Method 2.5. Reagents5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all test. Unless otherwise indicated it is intended that al
9、lreagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committeeon Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specification are available.2Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening t
10、heaccuracy of the determination.5.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean halide-free distilled water.5.3 Chloride Standard (1 mL0.0001 g Cl), Test Methods1, 2, and 3Prepare by adding 0.165 g of sodium chloride(NaCl) to 1 L of halide-free distilled
11、 water.5.4 Chloride Standard (1 mL = 0.000001 g Cl), TestMethod 4Dissolve 0.0660 g of sodium chloride in water anddilute to 1000 mL. Pipet 25 mLof this solution into a 1000-mLvolumetric flask, dilute to volume, and mix.5.5 Nitric Acid (sg gr 1.42), concentrated nitric acid(HNO3).5.6 Silver Nitrate S
12、olution 0.1 NPrepare a 0.1 N solutionof silver nitrate (AgNO3).5.6.1 Prepare the silver nitrate solution by adding 16.99 g ofsilver nitrate to a 1-L volumetric flask and fill to the line withhalide-free distilled water. After shaking to dissolve theAgNO3, store in an amber bottle.1These test methods
13、 are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 onHalogenated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D26.04 on Test Methods.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approve
14、d in 2000 as D 2988 96(00).2Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and
15、the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.7 Mercuric Acetate Solution, Test Method 4.5.7.1 Stock Mercuric Acetate
16、SolutionDissolve 1.6 g ofmercuric acetate in 500 mLof water containing 3.5 mLof nitricacid. Dilute to 1000 mL and mix.5.7.2 Standard Mercuric Acetate SolutionDilute 40 mLofstock mercuric acetate solution to 1000 mL and adjust the pHto 1.6 with nitric acid. Standardize in accordance with 7.5.5.5.7.3
17、s-Diphenylcarbazone Solution (Test Method 4)Dissolve 0.5 g of s-diphenylcarbazone in 100 mL of methanol.6. Hazards6.1 Solvent HazardsContact with the skin should beavoided to prevent removal of natural oils. There are varyingdegrees of danger to inhalation, ingestion, and contact. Theuser should ref
18、er to the most recent health regulations concern-ing the individual solvent.6.2 Concentrated nitric acid is very hazardous in contactwith the skin or eyes. The vapors are very toxic and corrosive.6.3 PrecautionWear safety glasses and rubber gloveswhen handling the silver nitrate or its solution.6.4
19、Mercuric acetate is toxic.6.5 The hazards of s-diphenylcarbazone are not known.7. Procedure7.1 Test Method 1:7.1.1 Transfer 100 mL of sample to a separatory funnel andadd an equal volume of halide-free distilled water. Shakevigorously for 2 min to extract the water-soluble halides (seeNote 1).7.1.2
20、Allow the liquids to separate and discard the solventlayer. Transfer 50 mLof the water extract into a 50-mLNesslertube and add ten drops of concentrated nitric acid. Preparestandard chloride ion solutions in 50-mL Nessler tubes byadding a volume of standard chloride solution, in millilitres,equal to
21、 the density of the solvent being tested divided by twofor each part per million (ppm) of equivalent chloride iondesired (see Note 2). Dilute each standard with halide-freedistilled water to 50 mL and add ten drops of concentratednitric acid. Finally, add 1 mL of 0.1 N silver nitrate solution toeach
22、 sample and standard and shake the Nessler tubes thor-oughly for 30 s. Compare the sample with standards todetermine chloride level (see Note 3).NOTE 1This extraction time should be consistent. Slow hydrolyzingorganics such as phosgene and trichloroacetyl chloride require approxi-mately 2 min to rea
23、ct completely. Excessive time, however, can permit thehalogenated solvent itself to hydrolyze.NOTE 2For example, if trichloroethylene were being tested, 1.46/2 or0.73 mL of standard chloride solution would be needed for each part permillion (ppm) of chloride ion desired. For 2 ppm, 0.73 3 2 = 1.5 mL
24、would be added. Since the water-soluble halides are usually less than 1ppm, it will seldom be necessary to prepare more than one or twostandards.NOTE 3The standards and samples should be prepared simulta-neously. To minimize effects of entrained air and changing character ofsilver chloride turbidity
25、, let the samples set for 15 min in the dark. Thiswaiting period is especially important when low chlorides (less than 1ppm) are being determined. Dark storage prevents change in the silvernitrate concentration.7.2 Test Method 1AThe accuracy of Test Method 1 can beimproved for samples with chloride
26、levels less than 2 ppm byincreasing the solvent-water ratio from 1:1 to 4:1.7.3 Test Method 2Read the turbidity of standards preparedas described in Test Methods 1 and 1A using a colorimeter ora turbidimeter. Set up a graph to determine chloride levels insamples.7.4 Test Method 3Extract the sample a
27、s described in TestMethod 1. Analyze the water extract with an ion chromato-graph that has been calibrated with standards in the appropriateranges. This test method gives superior data over turbiditymethods.7.5 Test Method 4:7.5.1 Wash all glassware with chloride-free water until 10mL of the washing
28、s show no trace of turbidity when 1 mL ofsilver nitrate solution is added.7.5.2 Transfer 100 mL of the sample into a 250-mL sepa-ratory funnel, add 25 mL of chloride-free water to the sampleand shake for 1 min. Transfer the sample to a second 250-mLseparatory funnel and drain the water into a 125-mL
29、 Erlenm-eyer flask. Repeat the extraction once with another 25 mL ofwater. Combine the water extracts in the Erlenmeyer flask.7.5.3 Warm the water extract to 60C to drive off anyremaining sample. Cool to room temperature.7.5.4 Add five drops of s-diphenylcarbazone solution andtitrate with standard m
30、ercuric acetate solution to the palepurple end point.7.5.5 Pipet 10.00 mL of standard sodium chloride solutioninto a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Add 20 mL of chloride-freewater and five drops of s-diphenylcarbazone solution. Titratewith standard mercuric acetate solution to the faint purple endpoint. T
31、hen:mL NaCl 3 1.00mL mercuric acetate5 F 5 g Cl/mL (1)where:F = factor for the mercuric acetate solution.7.5.6 CalculationCalculate parts per million chloride asfollows:Chloride, ppm 5 A 3 F!/S 3 G! (2)where:A = mercuric acetate solution required for the titration, mL,F = factor for the solution (se
32、e 7.5.5),S = sample, mL, andG = specific gravity of the sample.8. Report8.1 Test Methods 1, 2, and 3Compare the turbidity of thesample with the standards and report halides as none detected,trace, or actual ppm water soluble halides. Note that TestMethod 3 is specific to individual halides such as c
33、hloride orbromide. Comparisons of sample and standards can be made 3min after preparation for qualitative or semiquantitative data.Since the turbidity of these mixtures changes on standing, thesamples should set in the dark for 15 min before comparison.This gives the best quantitative data.8.2 Test
34、Method 4Report ppm chloride.D 2988 96 (2005)29. Precision and Bias9.1 Test Methods 1, 2, and 3:9.1.1 The precision limits of Test Method 1 have beendetermined as 6 1 ppm at levels below 5 ppm water-solublehalide ion (see Note 4). Using Test Method 1A and TestMethod 2 in combination yield precision l
35、imits of 60.3 ppm.Test Method 3, using an ion chromatograph, gives precisionlimits of 60.1 ppm.NOTE 4Precision of data statements have not been documented byformal precision test. These values are believed to be accurate based onrepeatability of a number of standards.9.2 Test Method 4:9.2.1 Repeatab
36、ility (Single Analyst)The standard devia-tion of results (each the average of triplicates obtained by thesame analyst on two different days) has been estimated to be0.005 weight ppm at 4 df. Two such values should beconsidered suspect (95 % confidence level) if they differ bymore than 0.02 weight pp
37、m.9.2.2 Reproducibility (Multilaboratory)The standard de-viation of results (each the average of triplicates in fourdifferent laboratories) has been estimated to be 0.06 weightppm at 3 df. Two such values should be considered suspect(95 % confidence level) if they vary by more than 0.3 weightppm.10.
38、 Keywords10.1 chloride; halide; halide ion; halogenated; ion; ionchromatograph; solvent; turbidityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determ
39、ination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or w
40、ithdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that
41、your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2988 96 (2005)3
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