1、Designation:D301404a Designation: D3014 11Standard Test Method forFlame Height, Time of Burning, and Loss of Mass of RigidThermoset Cellular Plastics in a Vertical Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department
3、 of Defense.1. Scope *1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. This test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparingrelative extent and time of burning and loss of mass of rigid thermoset cellular plastics. This test method is to be used solely toestablish relative bur
4、ning characteristics and shall not be considered or used as a fire-hazard classification.1.1.1 This test method shouldshall not be used for materials that drip or melt under the test conditions.1.2 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved which are potentially hazardous
5、 to personnel.Adequate precautions shouldshall be taken to protect the operator.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and det
6、ermine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 1.2.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
7、 factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.NOTE1There is no similar or equivalent ISO s
8、tandard. 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materia
9、lsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to plastics, the definitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology D883. Forterms relating to fire, th
10、e definitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology E176.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The specimen is mounted in a vertical chimney with a glass front and ignited with a bunsen burner for 10 s. The height andduration of flame and the mass percent retained by the specimen are recorde
11、d.5. Significance and Use5.1Tests made on rigid cellular materials in accordance with the conditions described by this test method can be of considerablevalue in comparing their burning characteristics. The height and duration of flame and the mass percent retained by the specimenare recorded.1This
12、test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties (SectionD20.30.03).Current edition approved JulyFeb. 1, 2004.2011. Published July 2004.February 2011. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous editi
13、on approved in 2004 as D3014 - 04a.DOI: 10.1520/D3014-04A.10.1520/D3014-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on t
14、he ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users
15、consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
16、cken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1 Tests made on rigid cellular materials in accordance with the conditions described by this test method can be of considerablevalue in comparing their burning characteristics.5.2 This test method has been applied to flexible cellular materials and other plastics
17、, but no detailed studies have beenconducted to determine its general applicability to these materials.5.3 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it
18、mayis not bealways possible by or from this test to predictchanges in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditionsdescribed in this procedure.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chimney, conforming to the dimensions in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a
19、nd Fig. 3. The body of the chimney mayshall be eithergalvanized or stainless steel. In it is fastenedmade of non-corroding metal. Fastened into the chimney is an insert made of0.025-mm aluminum foil. The insert is held in place by a stainless steel channel that carries three pins to support the spec
20、imen.A heat-resistant glass panel forms the front wall of the chimney. A scale, in millimetres, graduated at 10-mm intervals shall beprovided at one side of the glass panel for determining flame height (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 4). The scale shall begin 51 mm abovethe bottom of the chimney.6.2 Timer, cap
21、able of measuring to the nearest 0.1 s for determining the duration of burning.6.3 BurnerA standard gas burner with a 9.5-mm inside diameter barrel capable of producing a flame with an inner cone of960C is required to ignite the specimens. See Specification D5025 for burner construction.6.4 Balance,
22、 capable of weighing to the nearest 0.01 g for weighing the specimen.6.5 Test ChamberA relatively draft-free laboratory hood. The fan shall be off during the test, but turned on immediatelyfollowing the test to remove products of combustion.FIG. 1 Critical Dimensions of ChimneyD3014 1127. Test Speci
23、mens7.1 Cut six specimens from material of uniform density. The specimens shall be 254 by 19 by 19 mm and shall be free of dust,and the cut edges shall be smooth. If any specimen varies by more than 5%20 % from the average density of the six (see 9.1), thesample shall be considered unacceptable for
24、testing by this test method.8. Conditioning8.1Condition the specimens a minimum of 24 h at atmospheric conditions of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5% relative humidity.8.2The specimens shall remain in the temperature- and humidity-controlled atmosphere until immediately before testing.8.1 Condition the specimens
25、 a minimum of 24 h at atmospheric conditions of 23 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.8.2 The specimens shall remain in the temperature- and humidity-controlled atmosphere until immediately before testing. Forconvenience, the specimens can be stored up to1hinclosed polyethylene bags after conditio
26、ning and prior to testing.FIG. 2 Critical Dimensions of Specimen SupportFIG. 3 Test Specimen Impaled on Specimen Support (Side View)FIG. 4 Burner Position Under Specimen in Chimney (Front View)D3014 1139. Procedure9.1 Determine the density of each specimen in accordance with Test Method D1622.9.2 We
27、igh and record the mass (M ) of each specimen to the nearest 0.01 g.9.3 Weigh and record the mass (S1) of the specimen support to the nearest 0.01 g.9.4 Ignite and adjust the burner so that the inner blue cone is 25 to 35 mm high. Further adjust the burner until the temperatureat the top of the inne
28、r cone is 960 6 5C.NOTE 2To obtain 960C, it will be necessary to use a propane burner with propane gas, or a natural-gas burner with natural gas. In order to minimizethe time and frequency required for temperature calibration, it is necessary to maintain a steady supply of gas. Thermocouples have be
29、en found usefulto make this temperature measurement.9.5 Impale the specimen on the three pins of the specimen support, with the top of the specimen even with the top of thespecimen support as shown in Fig. 3. Higher-density It is possible that high-density cellular plastics maywill require that hole
30、s bedrilled in the specimen to allow insertion of the pins. When required, the holes must be drilled at the time of specimen preparation.(If holes are drilled, the specimen shall be weighed after drilling holes, see 9.2.)9.6 Line the chimney with aluminum foil so that it is against the sides and bac
31、k of the chimney and flush with the bottom. Placethe shiny side of the aluminum foil toward the test specimen. A new liner shall be installed for each specimen.9.7 Place the specimen support in the chimney so that the top of the specimen is even with the top of the chimney, as shownin Fig. 4.9.8 Put
32、 the glass front in place and ignite the specimen by placing the inner cone of the burner flame under the center of thespecimen for 10 s. Simultaneous with placing the flame under the specimen, start the timer to determine the time to extinguishment(T3e). Keep the burner at an angle of about 15 from
33、 the vertical as shown in Fig. 4.NOTE 3Accurate positioning of the burner is facilitated by use of a cradle to hold the burner at the proper angle and distance from the specimen.9.9 Measure the maximum flame height (H), during combustion of the specimen, to the nearest 10 mm with the flame-heightsca
34、le on the front of the chimney and record the height. If the flame rises above the top of the scale, record as 250 + mm.9.10 Stop the timer when combustion of the specimen ceases and record as time to extinguishment (Te) to the nearest second.If the time to extinguishment is less than 10 s, note the
35、 time but continue to apply the flame for 10 s.9.11 After cooling, remove the specimen support and specimen and weigh, without removing the specimen, to the nearest 0.01g, and record (S2).9.12 Clean the specimen support and repeat 9.5-9.11 until all specimens have been ignited.10. Symbols10.1 Symbol
36、s are identified as follow:H = maximum flame height during combustion, mm.Te= time between application of burner flame and specimen flame extinguishment, s.Afterglow shall not be included in thistime.S1= mass of the specimen support, g.M = mass of the specimen, g.S2= mass of specimen and specimen su
37、pport after ignition, g.PMR = percent mass retained by entire specimen.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the percent mass percentretained of the specimen retained after ignition by the equation:PMR 5 S22 S1!/M 3 100 (1)12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 A description of the material,
38、 including type of plastic or trade name, date of manufacture, manufacturers lot number,or other identifying information,12.1.2 Average density,12.1.3 Average time to extinguishment for the six specimens to the nearest second,12.1.4 Number of specimens that produced flaming drips,12.1.5 Average mass
39、 percent retained for the six specimens,12.1.6 Average flame height for the six specimens to the nearest 25 mm,12.1.7 Air temperature and relative humidity during storage prior to conditioning and storage time, and12.1.8 Air temperature and relative humidity during flame testing.D3014 11413. Precisi
40、on and Bias313.1 Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 are based on a round robin completed in 1988 in accordance with Practice E691, involvingseven materials tested by six laboratories. The materials included one phenolic (Material No. 1) and six polyurethanes (MaterialNos. 27). Each test result was the av
41、erage of six individual determinations. Each laboratory obtained five test results for eachmaterial.13.1.1 Users of this test method shall apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their laboratoryand materials, or between specific laboratories. The principles in 13
42、.2-13.2.3 would then be valid for such data.13.2 Concept of r and RIf srand sRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results that wereaverages from testing six specimens, the following applies:13.2.1 Repeatability, rIn comparing two test results for the same material, ob
43、tained by the same operator using the sameequipment on the same day, judge the two test results should be judgedas not equivalent if they differ by more than the r valuefor that material.3Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-1159.TABLE 1 Average MassPercent Mass Retai
44、nedMaterialMass Retained, %Average srsRrR4 18.11 3.09 5.25 8.65 14.706 24.33 2.34 2.65 6.55 7.425 74.13 2.39 3.06 6.69 8.573 74.25 2.26 2.67 6.33 7.482 75.57 1.26 3.26 3.53 9.137 75.62 1.46 2.43 4.09 6.801 95.03 1.40 2.33 3.92 6.52D3014 11513.2.2 Reproducibility, RIn comparing two test results for t
45、he same material, obtained by different operators using differentequipment on different days, judge the two test results should be judgedas not equivalent if they differ by more than the R valuefor that material.13.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 13.2.1 and 13.2.2 would have an approximate 95 %
46、probability of being correct.(WarningThe explanations of r and R given in 13.2-13.2.3 are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 shall not be rigorously applied to acceptanceor rejection of mate
47、rial, as those data are specific to the round robin and mayare not to be representative of other lots, conditions,materials, or laboratories.)13.3 BiasThere are no recognized standards on which to base an estimate of bias for this test method.14. Keywords14.1cellular plastics; flame height; flammabi
48、lity; mass loss; time of burning; vertical positionSUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of selected changes to this test method. For the convenience of the user,Committee D20 has highlighted those changes that may impact the use of this test method. This section may alsoinclude des
49、criptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.D301404a:(1) Revised paragraph 1.2.D301404:(1) Updated the fire safety caveat and changed nonmandatory language where necessary.D301499:(1) Removed Footnote 6 and renumbered remaining footnotes.14.1 cellular plastics; flame height; flammability; mass loss; time of burning; vertical positionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinat
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