ASTM D3039 D3039M-2007 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.pdf

1、Designation: D 3039/D 3039M 07Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3039/D 3039M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines

3、the in-plane tensile prop-erties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced byhigh-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limitedto continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber-reinforced compos-ites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric withrespect to the test direction.1.2 The

4、 values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom t

5、he two systems may result in nonconformance with thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-

6、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD 2734 Test

7、Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-ticsD 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of CompositeMaterialsD 3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture AbsorptionProperties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-trix Composite MaterialsE4 Practices for

8、Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ingE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified

9、 Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessE 132 Test Method for Poissons Ratio at Room Tempera-tureE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics ofMetallic Bonded Resistance Strain GagesE 456 Terminol

10、ogy Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 1012 Practice for Verification of Test Frame and Speci-men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive AxialForce ApplicationE 1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance StrainGages3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D 3878 defines terms relatingto high-modu

11、lus fibers and their composites. TerminologyD 883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6defines terms relating to mechanical testing. TerminologyE 456 and Practice E 177 define terms relating to statistics. Inthe event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D 3878shall have precedence

12、over the other standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:NoteIf the term represents a physical quantity, its analyti-cal dimensions are stated immediately following the term (orletter symbol) in fundamental dimension form, using thefollowing ASTM standard symbology for fundamental

13、 dimen-sions, shown within square brackets: M for mass, L forlength, T for time, Q for thermodynamic temperature, andnd for nondimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is1This test method is under the jurisidiction of ASTM Committee D30 onComposite Materials and is the direct responsibility of S

14、ubcommittee D30.04 onLamina and Laminate Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3039 00(2006).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se

15、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserve

16、d); Tue Apr 1 20:53:54 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.restricted to analytical dimensions when used with squarebrackets, as the symbols may have other definitions when usedwithout the brackets.3.2.1 nominal value, na v

17、alue, existing in name only,assigned to a measurable property for the purpose of conve-nient designation. Tolerances may be applied to a nominalvalue to define an acceptable range for the property.3.2.2 transition region, na strain region of a stress-strainor strain-strain curve over which a signifi

18、cant change in theslope of the curve occurs within a small strain range.3.2.3 transition strain, etransitionnd, nthe strain value atthe mid range of the transition region between the twoessentially linear portions of a bilinear stress-strain or strain-strain curve.3.2.3.1 DiscussionMany filamentary

19、composite materialsshow essentially bilinear behavior during force application,such as seen in plots of either longitudinal stress versuslongitudinal strain or transverse strain versus long longitudinalstrain. There are varying physical reasons for the existence ofa transition region. Common example

20、s include: matrix crack-ing under tensile force application and ply delamination.3.3 Symbols:Aminimum cross-sectional area of a coupon.Bypercent bending for a uniaxial coupon of rectangularcross section about y axis of the specimen (about the narrowdirection).Bzpercent bending for a uniaxial coupon

21、of rectangularcross section about z axis of the specimen (about the widedirection).CVcoefficient of variation statistic of a sample populationfor a given property (in percent).Emodulus of elasticity in the test direction.Ftuultimate tensile strength in the test direction.Fsuultimate shear strength i

22、n the test direction.hcoupon thickness.Lgextensometer gage length.Lminminimum required bonded tab length.nnumber of coupons per sample population.Pforce carried by test coupon.Pfforce carried by test coupon at failure.Pmaxmaximum force carried by test coupon before failure.sn1standard deviation stat

23、istic of a sample population fora given property.wcoupon width.xitest result for an individual coupon from the samplepopulation for a given property.xmean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample popu-lation for a given property.dextensional displacement.egeneral symbol for strain, whether normal s

24、train or shearstrain.eindicated normal strain from strain transducer or exten-someter.snormal stress.nPoissons ratio.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Athin flat strip of material having a constant rectangularcross section is mounted in the grips of a mechanical testingmachine and monotonically loaded in

25、 tension while recordingthe force. The ultimate strength of the material can bedetermined from the maximum force carried before failure. Ifthe coupon strain is monitored with strain or displacementtransducers then the stress-strain response of the material canbe determined, from which the ultimate t

26、ensile strain, tensilemodulus of elasticity, Poissons ratio, and transition strain canbe derived.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to produce tensile propertydata for material specifications, research and development,quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factor

27、sthat influence the tensile response and should therefore bereported include the following: material, methods of materialpreparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimenpreparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing,specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time atte

28、mperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained fromthis test method include the following:5.1.1 Ultimate tensile strength,5.1.2 Ultimate tensile strain,5.1.3 Tensile chord modulus of elasticity,5.1.4 Poissons ratio, and5.1.5 Transit

29、ion strain.6. Interferences6.1 Material and Specimen PreparationPoor materialfabrication practices, lack of control of fiber alignment, anddamage induced by improper coupon machining are knowncauses of high material data scatter in composites.6.2 GrippingA high percentage of grip-induced failures,es

30、pecially when combined with high material data scatter, is anindicator of specimen gripping problems. Specimen grippingmethods are discussed further in 7.2.4, 8.2, and 11.5.6.3 System AlignmentExcessive bending will cause pre-mature failure, as well as highly inaccurate modulus ofelasticity determin

31、ation. Every effort should be made to elimi-nate excess bending from the test system. Bending may occuras a result of misaligned grips or from specimens themselves ifimproperly installed in the grips or out-of-tolerance caused bypoor specimen preparation. If there is any doubt as to thealignment inh

32、erent in a given test machine, then the alignmentshould be checked as discussed in 7.2.5.6.4 Edge Effects in Angle Ply LaminatesPremature failureand lower stiffnesses are observed as a result of edge softeningin laminates containing off-axis plies. Because of this, thestrength and modulus for angle

33、ply laminates can be drasticallyunderestimated. For quasi-isotropic laminates containing sig-nificant 0 plies, the effect is not as significant.7. Apparatus7.1 MicrometersA micrometer with a 4- to 5-mm 0.16-to 0.20-in nominal diameter double-ball interface shall beused to measure the thickness of th

34、e specimen. A micrometerwith a flat anvil interface shall be used to measure the width ofthe specimen. The accuracy of the instruments shall be suitableD 3039/D 3039M 072Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Tue Apr 1 20:53:54 EST 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License

35、 Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.for reading to within 1 % of the sample width and thickness.For typical specimen geometries, an instrument with an accu-racy of 62.5 m 60.0001 in. is adequate for thicknessmeasurement, while an instrument with an accuracy of 625m 60.001 in. is adequate

36、 for width measurement.7.2 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall be inconformance with Practices E4and shall satisfy the followingrequirements:7.2.1 Testing Machine HeadsThe testing machine shallhave both an essentially stationary head and a movable head.7.2.2 Drive MechanismThe testing machine d

37、rive mecha-nism shall be capable of imparting to the movable head acontrolled velocity with respect to the stationary head. Thevelocity of the movable head shall be capable of beingregulated as specified in 11.3.7.2.3 Force IndicatorThe testing machine force-sensingdevice shall be capable of indicat

38、ing the total force beingcarried by the test specimen. This device shall be essentiallyfree from inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shallindicate the force with an accuracy over the force range(s) ofinterest of within 61 % of the indicated value. The forcerange(s) of interest may be fa

39、irly low for modulus evaluation,much higher for strength evaluation, or both, as required.NOTE 1Obtaining precision force data over a large range of interest inthe same test, such as when both elastic modulus and ultimate force arebeing determined, place extreme requirements on the load cell and its

40、calibration. For some equipment, a special calibration may be required.For some combinations of material and load cell, simultaneous precisionmeasurement of both elastic modulus and ultimate strength may not bepossible and measurement of modulus and strength may have to beperformed in separate tests

41、 using a different load cell range for each test.7.2.4 GripsEach head of the testing machine shall carryone grip for holding the test specimen so that the direction offorce applied to the specimen is coincident with the longitudi-nal axis of the specimen. The grips shall apply sufficient lateralpres

42、sure to prevent slippage between the grip face and thecoupon. If tabs are used the grips should be long enough thatthey overhang the beveled portion of the tab by approximately10 to 15 mm 0.5 in. It is highly desirable to use grips that arerotationally self-aligning to minimize bending stresses in t

43、hecoupon.NOTE 2Grip surfaces that are lightly serrated, approximately 1serration/mm 25 serrations/in., have been found satisfactory for use inwedge-action grips when kept clean and sharp; coarse serrations mayproduce grip-induced failures in untabbed coupons. Smooth grippingsurfaces have been used s

44、uccessfully with either hydraulic grips or anemery cloth interface, or both.7.2.5 System AlignmentPoor system alignment can be amajor contributor to premature failure, to elastic property datascatter, or both. Practice E 1012 describes bending evaluationguidelines and describes potential sources of

45、misalignmentduring tensile testing. In addition to Practice E 1012, thedegree of bending in a tensile system can also be evaluatedusing the following related procedure. Specimen bending isconsidered separately in 11.6.1.7.2.5.1 A rectangular alignment coupon, preferably similarin size and stiffness

46、to the test specimen of interest, isinstrumented with a minimum of three longitudinal straingages of similar type, two on the front face across the widthand one on the back face of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 1.Any difference in indicated strain between these gages duringloading provides a measur

47、e of the amount of bending in thethickness plane (By) and width plane (Bz) of the coupon. Thestrain gage location should normally be located in the middleof the coupon gage section (if modulus determination is aconcern), near a grip (if premature grip failures are a problem),or any combination of th

48、ese areas.7.2.5.2 When evaluating system alignment, it is advisable toperform the alignment check with the same coupon inserted ineach of the four possible installation permutations (describedrelative to the initial position): initial (top-front facing ob-server), rotated back to front only (top bac

49、k facing observer),rotated end for end only (bottom front facing observer), androtated both front to back and end to end (bottom back facingobserver). These four data sets provide an indication ofwhether the bending is due to the system itself or to tolerancein the alignment check coupon or gaging.7.2.5.3 The zero strain point may be taken either beforegripping or after gripping. The strain response of the alignmentcoupon is subsequently monitored during the gripping process,the tensile loading process, or bo