1、Designation: D3142/D3142M 11D3142/D3142M 17Standard Test Method forSpecific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphaltsby Hydrometer Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3142/D3142M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination, using a glass hydrom
3、eter, of the density, specific gravity, or APIgravity of cutback asphalts as defined in Specifications D2026, D2027, and D2028 (Note 1). Values are measured on a hydrometerat convenient temperatures, readings of density, specific gravity, and API gravity being reduced to 15C15 C or 60F60 F bymeans o
4、f international standard tables. By means of these same tables, values determined in one of the three systems ofmeasurement are convertible to equivalent values in either system so that measurements may be made in the units of localconvenience.NOTE 1This test method is applicable to cutback asphalts
5、 and in general follows, but provides more explicit routines than, the procedure outlinedin Test Method D1298.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each sys
6、tem shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establi
7、sh appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principl
8、es on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision
9、 and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD2
10、026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)D2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)D2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersE220 Test Method for Calibration
11、 of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 API gravitya function of specific gravity 15/15C 60/60F,15/15 C 60/60 F, represented by the equation:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving
12、Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2012January 2018. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20052011as D3142 05.D3142/D3142M 11. DOI: 10.1520/D3
13、142/D3142M-11.10.1520/D3142/D3142M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an
14、 ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. I
15、n all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1API5141.5/SG 15/15C#2131.5 orAPI5141.5/SG 60/60F#2131.5No statement of
16、reference temperature is required since 15C 60F15 C 60 F is included in the definition.3.1.2 densityThethe mass of material per unit volume. When reporting results, explicitly state the density in units of mass(kilograms) and volume (litres), together with the standard reference temperature.3.1.3 ob
17、served valuesvalues observed at temperatures other than the standard reference temperature. Values observed at othertemperatures are only hydrometer readings, and not density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity.3.1.4 specific gravityThethe ratio of mass of a given volume of a materi
18、al at a specified temperature to the mass of an equalvolume of pure water measured at the reference temperature. When reporting results, the standard reference temperature must bestated.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is brought to the testing temperature and transferred to a hydrometer cyli
19、nder at approximately the sametemperature. The cylinder and its contents are placed in a constant-temperature bath to avoid excessive temperature variationduring the test. The appropriate hydrometer is lowered into the sample and allowed to settle. After temperature equilibrium, thehydrometer is rea
20、d and the temperature of the sample is noted.4.2 The hydrometer reading is corrected to either 15C15 C or 60F60 F by referring to standard tables.5. Significance and Use5.1 Accurate determination of the density, specific gravity, or API gravity of cutback asphalts is necessary for the conversionof m
21、easured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15C15 C or 60F.60 F.5.2 Similarly, accurate determination is necessary for converting volumes to mass as required in other ASTM tests on cutbackasphalts.5.3 Values corrected to 15C15 C and 60F60 F will be different because the two temperature
22、s are not equal.6. Apparatus6.1 Hydrometers, glass, graduated in units of specific gravity, API gravity, or density as required, as listed in Table 1 and inaccordance with Specification E100.6.2 ThermometersThermometric DeviceA calibrated ASTM Gravity Thermometer, having a range of 20 to 102C or 5to
23、 215F and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 12C or 12F, respectively, liquid-in-glass, total-immersionthermometer of suitable range with graduations at least every 0.2 C 0.5 F and a maximum scale error of 0.15 C 0.25 F asprescribed in Specification E1, or an equivalent thermometric devi
24、ce that has been calibrated in accordance with Test Method .Thermometer commonly used is 12C (12F). Any other thermometric device of equal accuracy may be used. E220. If athermohydrometer is used, the temperature scale shall have a range from 20 to 65C65 C or 60 to 220F220 F (Designation H).6.3 Hydr
25、ometer Cylinder, clear glass, plastic (Note 2), or metal. For convenience in pouring, the cylinder may have a lip on therim. The inside diameter of the cylinder shall be at least 20 mm 34 in. greater than the outside diameter of the hydrometer usedTABLE 1 Recommended HydrometersHydrometerDesignation
26、 Measurement RangeTotalLength,mmBodyDiameter,mm1H to 4H API Gravity 1 to 41API 325-335 23-271H to 4H API Gravity 1 to 41API 325 335 23 2721H to 28H API Gravity 0 to 41API 158-168 12-1521H to 28H API Gravity 0 to 41API 158 168 12 1585H to 90H Relative Density(SG) 15.6/15.6C0.8 to 1.1 325-335 23-2785H
27、 to 90H Relative Density(SG) 15.6/15.6 C0.8 to 1.1 325 335 23 27105H to 108H Relative Density(SG) 15.6/15.6C0.8 to 1.0 250-270 20-24105H to 108H Relative Density(SG) 15.6/15.6 C0.8 to 1.0 250 270 20 24315H to 320H Density at 15C 800-1100 kg/m3 325-335 21-27315H to 320H Density at 15 C 800 1100 kg/m3
28、 325 335 21 27D3142/D3142M 172in it. The height of the cylinder shall be such that the hydrometer floats in the sample with at least 25 mm 1 in. clearance betweenthe bottom of the hydrometer and the bottom of the cylinder.NOTE 2Hydrometer cylinders constructed of plastic materials should be resistan
29、t to discoloration or attack by oil samples and must not becomeopaque by prolonged exposure to sunlight and oil samples.6.4 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining the testing temperature to 60.5C 1.0F60.5 C 1.0 F and of suchdimensions that the level of the liquid is approximately the same
30、 as that of the sample in the hydrometer cylinder.6.5 Oven, for preheating the sample, and capable of maintaining the selected testing temperature to within 63C 5F.63 C5 F.7. Hazards7.1 Materials tested using this procedure may contain volatile and flammable hydrocarbons. Heat the sample in a covere
31、dcontainer to minimize loss of volatile components. Carry out the test in a well ventilated well-ventilated area, and avoid breathingany vapors which may be generated. Keep sources of ignition away from materials being tested.7.2 WarningMercury has been designated by the United States Environmental
32、Protection Agency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products.See the app
33、licable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and the EPAs website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm)for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state maybe prohibited by state law.Warning: Mercury has been designat
34、ed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or itsvapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and
35、mercurycontaining products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitewww.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury containing products, or both,into your state may be prohibited by state law.
36、8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D140. The sample shall be free of foreign substances.8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a representative portion for testing.9. Temperature of Test9.1 Because of differences in viscosity between various grades of cutback asphalts, th
37、e temperature of the test must be adjustedso that it will provide sufficient fluidity to conduct the test over a reasonable period of time. The recommended testing temperaturesfor the various grades shown in Table 2 are based on a viscosity of approximately 200 to 500 mm2/s (cSt).9.2 When the hydrom
38、eter value is to be used to select multipliers for correcting volumes to standard temperatures, thehydrometer reading should be made preferably at a temperature within 63C 5F63 C 5 F of the temperature at which thebulk volume of the oil was measured (Note 3). However, in cases when appreciable amoun
39、ts of light fractions may be lost duringdetermination at the bulk asphalt temperature, the temperatures given in Table 2 should not be exceeded.NOTE 3When metal cylinders are used, accurate reading of the hydrometer can only be ensured if the level of the sample is within 5 mm 14 in.of the top of th
40、e cylinder.10. Procedure10.1 Select the test temperature in accordance with the indications given in Section 9. Heat the sample in an oven to within 3C5F3 C 5 F of the test temperature but without exceeding it. Cover the container with a loose-fitting cover to prevent solventevaporation. Bring the h
41、ydrometer cylinder and thermometer to approximately the same temperature as the sample to be tested.TABLE 2 Recommended Testing Temperatures for VariousGrades of Cutback AsphaltsGrade TestingTemperature, F TestingTemperature, CMC-30 Room RoomSC-70, MC-70, RC-70 104 40SC-250, MC-250, RC-250 140 60SC-
42、800, MC-800, RC-800 176 80SC-3000, MC-3000, RC-3000 212 100D3142/D3142M 17310.2 Transfer the sample to a clean hydrometer cylinder (Note 4) without splashing, to avoid the formation of air bubbles, andto reduce to a minimum the evaporation of the lower boiling constituents of the more volatile sampl
43、es. Remove any air bubblesformed, after they have collected on the surface of the sample, by touching them with a piece of clean filter paper before insertingthe hydrometer.NOTE 4Volume and density correction tables are based on an average coefficient of expansion for a number of typical materials.
44、Since the samecoefficients were used in computing both sets of tables, corrections made over the same temperature interval minimize errors arising from possibledifferences between the coefficients of the material under test and the standard coefficients. This effect becomes more important as tempera
45、tures divergesignificantly from the standard table temperatures of 15C15 C or 60F.60 F.10.3 Place the cylinder containing the sample in the constant-temperature bath previously brought up to the test temperature60.5C 1.0F.60.5 C 1.0 F. Allow sufficient time for the sample to reach the bath temperatu
46、re 6 0.5C 1.0F0.5 C1.0 F and verify its temperature with the thermometric device. If a thermohydrometer is used, it may be lowered into the sampleat this point instead of the thermometric device. As soon as a steady thermometer reading is obtained, record the temperature ofthe sample to the nearest
47、0.2C 0.5F.0.2 C 0.5 F.10.4 Lower the hydrometer gently into the sample. Take care to avoid wetting the stem above the level to which it will beimmersed in the liquid. Allow sufficient time for the hydrometer to become completely stationary and for all air bubbles to cometo the surface. This is parti
48、cularly necessary in the case of the more viscous samples.10.5 When the hydrometer has come to rest, floating freely away from the walls of the cylinder, read the hydrometer to thenearest scale division. Take the reading by observing with the eye slightly above the plane of the surface of the liquid
49、, the pointon the hydrometer scale to which the sample rises. This reading, at the top of the meniscus, requires correction since hydrometersare calibrated to be read at the principal surface of the liquid. The corrections for the particular hydrometer in use may bedetermined by observing the maximum height above the principal surface of the liquid to which oil rises on the hydrometer scalewhen the hydro
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