1、Designation: D3153 17Standard Test Method forRecoatability of Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3153; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectsof the application of a water-emulsion floor polish over a driedcoating of the sam
3、e polish. The method is designed forlaboratory bench panel testing. A method is also provided forlarge area testing. A rating system is provided to indicate theacceptability of the polish based on recoatability performance.NOTE 1Recoatability of a water-emulsion floor polish is a general-performance
4、 property, and the determination of it is dependent upon theobservation of several other properties of the polish under the specificconditions expressed in this test method. This test method for recoatabilityis not designed for the evaluation of other properties, except as theseproperties relate to
5、the recoatability of the specific polish being evaluatedunder the conditions of this test.1.2 Gloss as observed herein extends only to freedom fromloss of apparent visual gloss upon recoating, in the execution ofthis test method, and should this loss occur, it indicates adistortion of the property o
6、f gloss, by recoating.1.3 A degree of recoatability failure may be reflected from adegree of leveling failure. The failure to level should beobserved only if it is to be a part of the observation ofrecoatability.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa
7、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles
8、 on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2825 Terminology Relating to Polishe
9、s and Related Mate-rials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 beadingthe apparent failure of the liquid polish towet out the surface as evidenced by the gathering of the polishinto puddle-like beads.3.1.2 dragthe resistance observed when the wet applicatoris moved ov
10、er the wet coating, when the polish is being spread.3.1.3 foamingthe development and persistence of bubblesin the wet polish during application.3.1.4 ghostingthe dissimilar appearance, in transparencyor gloss, of a portion of the coating.3.1.5 streakingthe apparent mark (or marks) that remainsin the
11、 dried film showing the path followed by the applicatorduring the spreading of the liquid polish.3.1.6 whiteningthe development of a white color on orwithin a coating during the drying process, which reduces thefunctioning of a polish to beautify and (possibly) protect floors.4. Summary of Test Meth
12、od4.1 The test method involves the application of floor polishusing, but not restricted to, cheesecloth or lambs woolapplicator for spreading a measured amount of polish, overpreviously applied coatings of the polish. The test methodincludes a fast recoat cycle at 30 min which can also be usedfollow
13、ing manufacturers directions and an extended recoatcycle of seven days. All tests are run on commercial floor tile.5. Significance and Use5.1 The essential practical usage of water-emulsion floorpolishes as renewable coatings to protect and beautify floors,1This test method is under the jurisdiction
14、 ofASTM Committee D21 on Polishesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3153 87 (2015).DOI: 10.1520/D3153-17.2For referenced ASTM
15、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
16、en, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organiza
17、tion Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1depends upon satisfactory recoatability. This test method isuseful both in product development and final product testing,as a means of evaluating recoatability.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of the factory finish, mold-release agents,or other forei
18、gn materials on the test surface, prior to the firstapplication of the polish that is to be tested in accordance withthis method, will cause irregular results. Abrading the surfaceof the test panel or area (for example, by cleaning with anabrasive pad) prior to the first application of the polish, w
19、illyield abnormal results. The cleaning formula listed in Footnote3 should be used to remove the above mentioned coatings.7. Apparatus7.1 Floor Tile Panels,3black vinyl (homogeneous), 304.8by 304.8 mm (12 by 12 in.).7.2 Floor Tile Area,3black vinyl (homogeneous), 1.2 by 0.9m (4 by 3 ft).7.3 Cheesecl
20、oth, clean, completely free of sizing.47.4 Pipet, 5-mL, graduated in 0.2 mL.7.5 Graduate, 50 mL.7.6 Applicator, lambs wool.57.6.1 Optional applicators include chenille pads and cottonand synthetic mops.NOTE 2Black vinyl composition floor tile panels or black vinylcomposition floor tile area of the s
21、ame dimensions as stated for the blackvinyl (homogeneous) tile may be used. See Sections 9 and 11 of thismethod for information regarding the selection of test surfaces andreporting of results.8. Conditioning8.1 Average ambient conditions shall be equal for allpolishes and surfaces used, and shall b
22、e free of drafts, and shallbe between 15 and 30C (59 and 86F) with the relativehumidity not in excess of 70 % or below 40 %.9. Procedure9.1 Bench Panel Test:9.1.1 Selection of PanelsSelect either five black vinyl(homogeneous) floor tile panels or five black vinyl compositionfloor tile panels, for ea
23、ch polish under test, basing selection onlike-new condition. Do not intermix these two types of testsurfaces in any one test sequence.9.1.2 Preparation of Test PanelsPrepare five panels foreach polish under test by cleaning with undiluted comparisoncleaning solution described in Footnote 6.6Soak the
24、 panelsface to face for 20 min. Using a soft brush or clean cheesecloth,scrub thoroughly to remove all coatings, soil, etc. Rinsethoroughly with clear water and let dry completely.9.1.3 Application of PolishPrepare a swab 50.8 mm (2 in.)square and twelve plies thick, using clean cheesecloth, free of
25、sizing. Immerse the swab in the test polish and squeeze out theexcess. Pipet 2.6 ml (Note 3) of the test polish on to the surfaceof a test panel, which should be lying level on a horizontalsurface, and spread the polish uniformly, using the swabpreviously prepared. Repeat for the other four panels.
26、Observethe coatings on all five panels after they have dried for 30 min.or following manufacturers directions, under average ambientconditions. Note the similarity. If the appearance of the coatingon all panels is not uniformly equal, discard these panels, andprepare a new group of coated panels usi
27、ng the aboveprocedure.NOTE 32.5 mL of polish are used for 12 by 12-in. (304.8 by304.8-mm) panels. 1.4 mL of polish are used for 9 by 9-in. (228.6 by228.6-mm) panels. Test can be performed using polish manufacturersrecommended rate of application.9.1.4 Application of Second CoatThirty minutes afterap
28、plication of the first coat of polish, or following manufac-turers dry time recommendations, take two of the five panelsand apply on each a second coat using the procedure detailedin 9.1.3 for applying and spreading the polish. Record thetemperature and relative humidity. Observe and record anyfoami
29、ng of the polish and drag of the applicator duringapplication and spreading. Observe and record any beading ofthe polish or required additional stroking with applicator to wetout the surface. Allow to dry 2 h, and observe and record anyremoval of the first coat, any whitening, streaking, or ghosting
30、.Observe and record leveling. Visually observe the apparentgloss of the recoated polish, and record the comparison withthe single coat of polish.9.1.5 After allowing them to remain undisturbed for sevendays under average ambient conditions, take two of the threeremaining panels which have a single c
31、oat of polish, recoat,using the procedure given in 9.1.4, making and recordingobservations as directed in that paragraph. Include thoseobservations made after allowing the recoat to dry for 2 h.9.2 Large Area Test:9.2.1 Selection of Test AreasSelect two test areas, eachhaving a minimum size of 1.2 b
32、y 0.9 m (4 by 3 ft) of eitherblack vinyl (homogeneous) floor tile or black vinyl composi-tion floor tile, for each polish under test, basing selection onlike-new condition. Do not intermix these two types of testsurfaces in any one test sequence.9.2.2 Preparation of Test AreasPrepare each selected t
33、estarea by cleaning carefully using undiluted comparison cleaningsolution described in Footnote 66and scrubbing with a softbrush or soft synthetic floor machine pad to remove allcoatings, soil, etc. Rinse thoroughly and let dry completely.3OVCT tile may be obtained through Armstrong Flooring from va
34、rious homeimprovement stores. The following Armstrong tile substrates have been found toperform adequately for this test method: Armstrong Excelon Feature Tile: Black(56790), http:/ pads, available from most pharmacies, are suitable.5Lambs wool applicators sold commercially, having an area about 508
35、 by 254mm (2 by 10 in.) of lambs wool mounted on a support of the same size and attachedto a handle of suitable length, are recommended.6Composition of cleaning solution: MEA 1 %, trisodium phosphate dodecahy-drate 10 %, propylene glycol monomethyl ether 6 %, octylphenoxy polyethoxy-ethanol (nonioni
36、c surfactant, 9 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide) 2 %, and distilledwater 81 %. CompoundingDissolve the TSP in the water. Add remaining ingre-dients and mix thoroughly till clear.D3153 1729.2.3 Application of PolishFor each polish under test,apply one coat of polish to each of two test areas with a por
37、tionof each area to be recoated, one in 30 min, or followingmanufacturers directions the other in seven days. Prepare alambs wool applicator, chenille applicator or suitable mop bywetting it with the test polish, then squeeze it, allowing noexcess to remain. Pour 30.0 mL (Note 4) of polish, on the t
38、estarea, and spread it uniformly over the test area using theapplicator prepared above. After drying 30 min under averageambient conditions, observe the coatings for uniformity ofgloss and general appearance. If not uniform, clean the test areafollowing the procedure in 9.2.2, and repeat the applica
39、tion. Ifnonuniformity persists, select a fresh test area of new orlike-new surface.NOTE 4The spreading rate is 1500 ft2/gal (36.7 m2/L).9.2.4 Application of Second CoatApply a second coat ona 0.6 by 0.9-m (2 by 3-ft) portion of one of the test areas 30min, or as recommended by the manufacturer, afte
40、r theapplication of the first coat by pouring out on the test area 15.0mL of the test polish, and spreading it uniformly, using afreshly wet out lambs wool applicator prepared as above.Record observations on this test of the qualities and perfor-mance characteristic directed to be observed in the pa
41、nel recoatprocedure in 9.1.4.9.2.5 Allow the other test area to remain undisturbed forseven days under average ambient conditions. On the seventhday recoat a 0.6 by 0.9-m (2 by 3-ft) portion of the once-coatedarea, following the procedure in 9.2.4, making and recordingthe specified observations. Dup
42、licate tests may be conducted ifthe results are in doubt.10. Calculation and Interpretation of Results10.1 Since a number of floor polish properties collectivelydetermine the property of recoatability, the evaluation ofrecoatability must be confined to the general appearance of themulticoat finish i
43、n relation to the single coat finish. Rate themulticoat finishes as follows:10.1.1 Goodappearance of the multicoat finish signifi-cantly superior to the single-coat finish.10.1.2 Fairappearance of the multicoat finish only mar-ginally superior or inferior to the single-coat finish.10.1.3 Poorappeara
44、nce of the multicoat finish signifi-cantly inferior to the single-coat finish.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Test surface size as bench panel test or large area test,11.1.2 Floor tile type used, as vinyl (homogeneous) or vinylcomposition,11.1.3 Recoatability of polish a
45、s defined in Section 9 of thismethod, and11.1.4 Further note may be made in the report of anyspecific problem areas as defined in Section 4 of this testmethod.12. Precision and Bias12.1 This is a subjective method and the precision and biashave not been fully established.13. Keywords13.1 beading; dr
46、ag; emulsion; floor polish; foaming; ghost-ing; glass; OVCT; recoatability; streaking; strip; water emul-sion; wax; whiteningASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are ex
47、pressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revi
48、sed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you ma
49、y attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555
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