1、Designation: D3155 11Standard Test Method forLime Content of Uncured Soil-Lime Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the limecontent of soil-lime mixtures sampled from a project underconstruction or at the pug-mil
3、l, or both.1.2 In soils with highly variable amounts of CaCo3(such ascaliche), it may be difficult to obtain a representative sample.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values stated in inch-pound units are providedfor information only.1.4 This standard does not purp
4、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C51
5、 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirem
6、ents for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cl
7、oth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C51 for terms relating to lime.3.1.2 Refer to Terminology D653 for terms relating to soil.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative specimen is obtained after thoroughmixing of the soil and lime and sieving through a 4.75
8、-mm(No. 4) sieve.4.2 A 300-g specimen of the material passing the 4.75-mm(No. 4) sieve is shaken together with 600 mL of ammoniumchloride solution.4.3 A10-mL aliquot of fluid from 4.2 is mixed with 100 mLof water, and sodium hydroxide is added until a pH of 13.0 to13.5 is obtained.4.4 Triethanolamin
9、e and indicator powder is added to thesolution and EDTA is used to titrate to a clear blue endpoint.4.5 The mL of EDTA used is compared to a calibrationcurve to determine percent lime by dry mass of the totalspecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine the limeconten
10、t of uncured soil-lime mixtures.5.1.1 Lime content in soil-lime mixtures is needed byagencies such as highway departments, to determine limecontent in soil-lime mixtures for payments to contractors, tocheck compliance with specifications, or to check the efficacyof quality control measures.5.1.2 Lim
11、e content is also needed by producers of soil-limemixtures who have to determine lime content for productioncontrol purposes.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used
12、. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee
13、 D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3155-98(2006). DOI:10.1520/D3155-11.2For referenced ASTM
14、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM
15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, a class GPI balance having a capacity of 1000g or
16、 more and meeting the requirements of SpecificationD4753 for a balance of 0.01-g readability.6.2 Glassware25-mLgraduated cylinder, 1000-mLgradu-ated cylinder, 2-L volumetric flask, 25-mL burets, 10-mLvolumetric pipets, 250-mL Erlynmeyer flasks, medicine drop-pers.6.3 Plasticware1.9-L (2 qt) polyethy
17、lene containers withsnap-on covers, 300-mm (12 in.) diameter plastic funnel, 19-L(5-gal) polyethylene bottles for ammonium chloride, 19-L(5-gal) polyethylene bottles for water.6.4 Buret Stand, for 25-mL buret.6.5 Stirrer and Stirring Bar, magnetic, or equivalent appa-ratus.6.6 Stirring Rods, stainle
18、ss steel, approximately 300 mm(12 in.) in length.6.7 pH MeterA pH meter equipped with reference elec-trode and low-sodium error glass pH-sensitive electrodes (orcombination electrode) and a meter capable of displaying 0.01units pH at 0.2 pH accuracy over a range from 0 to 14.6.8 Sieve, 4.75-mm (No.
19、4), conforming to SpecificationE11 required for soils containing particles larger than this size.7. Reagents7.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water are understood to mean reagent water conforming toSpecification D1193, Type II.7.2 Purity of Reagent ChemicalsUse reagent grad
20、echemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intendedthat all reagents conform to the specifications of the committeeon Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society3,where such specifications are available. Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reag
21、ent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2.1 Ammonium Chloride Solution, 100 g/LTransfer1893 g of USP granular ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to a 19-L(5-gal) polyehtylene bottle. Dissolve it in 7.5 to 11.4 L (2 to 3gal) of water. Dilute to
22、18.9 L (5 gal) with water, and mix well.7.2.2 EDTA Solution (0.1 M)Dissolve 74.45 g of reagentgrade disodium (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate dihydrate(Na2C10H14N2O82H2O) powder in about 1 L (0.26 gal) ofwarm water in a beaker. Cool to room temperature, transfer toa 2-L volumetric flask, and dilute
23、to 2 L with water. Store in apolyethylene bottle.7.2.3 Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 250 g/LWith constantstirring, cautiously add 250 g of reagent grade sodium hydrox-ide (NaOH) pellets to 300 mL of water, stir until dissolved, andallow to cool to room temperature. Dilute to 1 L with water.Store in a p
24、olyethylene bottle.7.2.4 Triethanolamine Solution, 200 g/LMix 100 mL ofreagent grade triethanolamine (HOCH2CH2)3N in 200 to 300mL of water in a beaker, dilute to 500 mL, mix well, and storein a polyethylene bottle.7.2.5 Hydroxynaphthol Blue Indicator Powder (CAS No.63451354)4An indicator for the det
25、ermination of Calcium bytitration with EDTA.8. Preparation of Calibration Curve8.1 From the soil and lime materials to be used for con-struction, prepare three sets of duplicate specimens at thedesign water content in order that they contain the followingamount of lime:8.1.1 Set 1Two samples at 75 %
26、 of the design limecontent,8.1.2 Set 2Two samples at 100 % of the design limecontent,8.1.3 Set 3Two samples at 125 % of the design limecontent.8.2 For each specimen, compute quantities of soil, lime andwater as follows:Ms5 S/1 1 W/100! 3 1 1 L/100! (1)Mr5 R/100! 3 MsMf5 Ms MrMl5 L/100!3 MsVw5 W/100!
27、 Ms Ml!Ms= total dry mass of soil, g,Mr= mass of material retained on 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,g,Mf= mass of material passing 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, g,Ml= mass of lime, g,Vw= volume of water, mL,W = design water content, dry mass % of soil,L = lime content, dry mass % of soil,R = material retained on a
28、 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, %, andS = specimen size: 300.0 g when 100 % of the soil passesa 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; 700.0 g when soil isretained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.8.3 Mix the dry soil and lime thoroughly to a uniform color.Add the water and mix thoroughly until uniformly moist.8.4 For soils with
29、 100 % passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,titrate each 300-g specimen as described in Section 10. Aftertitrating the six specimens, construct a graph showing mL ofEDTA solution versus mass percent lime using average figuresfrom Sets 1, 2, and 3.8.5 For soils with material retained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4)s
30、ieve, weigh a 700-g specimen. Screen the specimen thor-oughly on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve until all the materialretained is free of smaller adhering particles. Mix the materialpassing the sieve, weigh a 300 g specimen, and titrate asdescribed in Section 10.After titrating six specimens, constructa gr
31、aph showing mL of EDTA solution, using average figures3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemicals Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions of the testing of reagents notlisted by American Chemical Society Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals,BDH Ltd., Poole,
32、Dorset, U.K. and the United States Pharmacopoeia.4Available from Mallinckrodt Balur, Inc., Phillipsburg, NJ, as Product CodeNumber 5630.D3155 112from Sets 1, 2, and 3, versus grams of lime, Ml 300, in a 300-gspecimen computed by:Ml 3005 300/700 Mr!# 3 Ml(2)9. Test Specimen9.1 During construction, ta
33、ke representative samples of thesoil-lime mixture at the completion of mixing and test thesamples immediately. If the samples cannot be tested immedi-ately, place them in covered plastic containers and test themwithin 8 h after complete mixing. In this case, the calibrationcurve (see Section 8) shou
34、ld be established using soil-limemixtures mellowed for a time period commensurate to within1 h of testing of field samples.9.1.1 For soils with 100 % passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,weigh a 300-g specimen and titrate as described in Section 10.9.1.2 For soils with material retained on a 4.75-mm (No.
35、 4)sieve, weigh a 700-g specimen. Screen the specimen thor-oughly on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve until all the materialretained is free of smaller adhering particles. Determine themass of the total material passing the sieve and record as Mflw.Mix the material passing the sieve and weigh a 300-g specime
36、nand titrate as described in Section 10.NOTE 2If a correction is to be made for variations in water content,determine the water content, W, of a separate portion of the materialpassing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Computations for the correction aregiven in Note 5.10. Titration10.1 Place each 300-g spec
37、imen in a 1.9-L (2-qt) polyeth-ylene container and add 600 mL of NH4Cl solution. Place thecover on the container and shake the container for 2 min (62s). Allow the mixture to settle for 4 min (62 s). Pipet a 10-mLaliquot of the supernatant solution into a 250-mL Erlenmeyerflask and dilute with 100 m
38、L of water. While thoroughlymixing on a magnetic stirrer, add drops of NaOH solution untila pH between 13.0 and 13.5 is obtained, as measured by theapproved pH meter. Add 4 drops of triethanolamine solutionand then add approximately 0.2 g of the hydroxynaphthol blueindicator powder. While the soluti
39、on is being stirred on themagnetic stirrer, titrate with EDTA solution to a pure blue endpoint, and record the quantity in milliliters.NOTE 3A sharper endpoint may sometimes be obtained by addingapproximately half of the anticipated quantity of EDTAsolution before theaddition of the NaOH solution.NO
40、TE 4All equipment must be kept scrupulously clean by thoroughrinsing with water. All reagents must be stored in polyethylene containers.11. Calculation11.1 If 100 % of the soil passes a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,read the lime content by dry mass directly from the calibrationcurve corresponding to the ti
41、tration results in mL of EDTA forthe test specimen.11.2 If the soil contains material retained on a 4.75-mm (No.4) sieve, read grams of lime from the calibration curvecorresponding to the titration results in mLof EDTAfor the testspecimen. Compute A and B as follows:A 5 Mflw/300! 3 Ml 300(3)B 5 700/
42、1 1 W/100!#where:A = lime in 700-g specimen, g,B = soil and lime in 700-g specimen, g,Mflw= soil passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve as de-scribed in 9.1.2,g,Ml 300= lime read from calibration curve, g, and,W = design water content, %.Then compute L, percent lime by dry mass of total specimen:L 5 A/B
43、A!# 3 100 (4)NOTE 5Variations of water content will have slight effect on theaccuracy of test. Correction for water content variation may be computedas follows:L 51 1 W/100!1 1 Vw/ Mf1 Mt!#3 L (5)where:L = lime corrected for water content varia-tion, %,L = lime determined from test specimen, %,W = w
44、ater content of test sample as deter-mined in Section 9 (Note 2), %, and,Vw,Mf, and Mt= are quantities computed in Section 8 forCalibration Set 2.12. Precision and Bias12.1 From an inter-laboratory study based on 60 test resultsobtained from 3 soils, 5 laboratories, and tests at 4 differentlime cont
45、ents, the following statements can be made:12.1.1 Single Operator PrecisionBecause only one testwas performed on a given soil type at a given percent limecontent within a single laboratory, no single operator precisionstatement can be made.12.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratorystandard
46、deviation has been found to be 0.23 % of lime contentand 0.34 mL of EDTA.512.1.3 BiasWhen experimental results are compared withknown values from accurately compounded specimens, thebias of the test method is found within 95% confidence to liebetween 0.02 and 0.73 % of the true lime content.13. Keyw
47、ords13.1 EDTA; lime; soil; soil-lime5These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C670.D3155 113SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,D315598(2006), that may impact the use
48、of this test method. (Approved January 1, 2011)(1)Added reference to Specification E11 in 6.8 and ReferencedDocuments.(2) Revised Note 1 to add the most recent version of theminimum requirements for agencies caveat for D18 compli-ance.(3)Added the guidance to improve and update the procedure in6.7.(
49、4)Added the guidance to clarify the chemicals function in thetest procedure in 7.2.5.(5) Added the guidance to clarify the procedure for removingsmall adherent particles from gravel-sized particles in 8.5.(6) Added the guidance to clarify the importance of creating acalibration curve commensurate to sample mellowing andsample testing times in 9.1. Incorporated Old Note 2 into thissection and renumbered subsequent notes.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
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