1、Designation: D 3164 03Standard Test Method forStrength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-ShearSandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method is intended to complement Test MethodD 1002 and Test Method D
3、3163 and extend its application tosingle-lap-shear adhesive joints employing plastic adherends.The test method is useful for generating comparative shearstrength data for joints made from a number of plastics. It canalso provide a means by which several plastics surface treat-ments can be compared.1
4、.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE 1A complete metric companion to Test Method D 3164 hasbeen developed - D 3164M.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated
5、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 907 Terminology of Adhesives2D 1002 Test Method for Apparent Sh
6、ear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)2D 2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Priorto Adhesive Bonding2D 2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe-sive Bonding2D 3163 Test Method for Determining Strength of
7、 Adhe-sively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear byTension Loading2D 3164M Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhe-sively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shearby Tension Loading Metric2D 4896 Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results2E 4 Pract
8、ices for Force Verification of Testing Machines33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 Due to the increased use of adhesively bonded plasticsas a result of the inherent advantages afforded by bonded ratherthan mechanical
9、ly fastened joints, particularly the alleviationof stress risers and stress cracking, there is a need for standardtests by which joints of various substrates and adhesives can becompared. This test method is intended to meet such a need.4.2 This test method is limited to test temperatures belowthe s
10、oftening point of the subject adherends, and is notintended for use on anisotropic adherends such as reinforcedplastic laminates.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this testmethod as design stress allowable values for structural jointscould lead to product failure, property damage, and
11、humaninjury.4.4 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtainedfrom a given small single-lap specimen may differ from thatobtained from a joint made with different adherends or by adifferent bonding process. The normal variation of temperatureand moisture in the service environment causes the ad
12、herendsand the adhesive to swell and shrink. The adherends andadhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisturecoefficients of expansion.4.5 Even in small specimens, short-term environmentalchanges can induce internal stresses or chemical changes in theadhesive that permanently affect the a
13、pparent strength andother mechanical properties of the adhesive. The problem ofpredicting joint behavior in a changing environment is evenmore difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a largerstructural joint than was used in the small specimen.4.6 The apparent shear strength measured wi
14、th a single-lapspecimen is not suitable for determining allowable designstresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives forPlastics.Cur
15、rent edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 3164 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyri
16、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.from the joints tested without thorough analysis and under-standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.7 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and select-ing adhesives or bonding proce
17、sses for susceptibility to fatigueand environmental changes, but such comparisons must bemade with great caution since different adhesives may responddifferently in different joints. See Guide D 4896 for furtherdiscussion of the concepts relative to interpretation of adhesivebonded single lap joints
18、.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements of andhaving the capabilities of the machine prescribed in TestMethod D 1002 and has an accuracy of 61 % when calibratedin accordance with Practices E 4 requirements. Likewise thegrips are capable of securely grasping the specimen thro
19、ughoutthe test without allowing the specimen to slip. The grips arealso self-aligning.5.2 Temperature and Relative Humidity Controlling Equip-ment, capable of maintaining the test temperature to 63C(65F) and the relative humidity to 63 %. If ambient labora-tory conditions are employed the same degre
20、e of control isrequired.6. Test Specimen6.1 Make specimens that conform to the form and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 1. It is recommended that the testspecimens be cut from the test panel depicted in Fig. 2, butindividual specimens may be prepared if preferred. The rec-ommended metal substrate is Alloy
21、 2024-T3 aluminum, 1.62 60.125 mm (0.064 6 0.005 in.). A surface treatment such asMethod A of Guide D 2651 is recommended for the aluminum.If a metal substrate other than aluminum is employed, then oneof the other surface preparations in Guide D 2651 is suggested.The recommended length of overlap is
22、 12.7 6 0.25 mm (0.5 60.01 in.). The thickness of the plastic in the metal/adhesive/plastic/adhesive/metal sandwich configuration may vary de-pending on the type and manufacturer but thin films of 0.354mm (0.010 in.) or less are recommended. An upper limit of1.62 mm (0.064 in.) plastic thickness is
23、suggested.6.2 The surface preparation used on the adherend dependson the subject plastic adherend. Methods such as those recom-mended in Practice D 2093 serve as a useful guide.6.3 Apply the adhesive in accordance with the manufactur-ers recommendations. Choose the adhesive such that the curetempera
24、ture does not adversely affect the mechanical proper-ties of the adherend.6.4 Cut test specimens from the bonded panels pictured inFig. 2. Cutting the specimens must be accomplished withoutoverheating or otherwise physically damaging the adherend orbonded interface. Individual test specimens may als
25、o beprepared if desired.7. Procedure7.1 Condition the test specimens for definite periods of timeunder specified conditions before testing if desired. Afterconditioning, it is recommended that all specimens be stabi-lized in the test environment for 1 h before testing.7.2 Place the test specimens in
26、 the grips of the testingmachine so that the applied load coincides with the long axis ofthe specimen. Load the specimen to failure at a rate of 8.3 to9.7 MPa (1200 to 1400 psi) of shear area per minute.NOTE 2The thickness of the plastic insert used will influence the jointstrengths obtained in this
27、 test due to the added offset. Thermal stressesintroduced in the joint by elevated temperatures bonding dissimilarmaterials will also offset ultimate joint strength. Direct comparison ofresults is possible only for the same thickness and composition of insert soas to minimize differences resulting f
28、rom offset or thermal stress.FIG. 1 Form ADimensions of Test SpecimenD31640328. Calculations8.1 Calculate the bond area to the nearest 0.06 cm2(0.01in.2). Record both load at failure and type of failure (percentagecohesive and apparent failure in adhesion). Calculate failingstress as megapascals (or
29、 pounds-force per square inch) ofshear area. It should be noted that while the results are given interms of the average shear stress, the maximum shear stressmay be far from this average and the cleavage stresses in thejoint may be even larger. See Guide D 4896 for more detailedinformation.9. Report
30、9.1 Report the following:9.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, date manufactured, manufacturers codenumber, form, etc.9.1.2 Complete identification of the metal used, its thick-ness, and method of cleaning and preparing its surface prior tobonding.9.1.3 Compl
31、ete identification of the plastic used, its thick-ness, and the method of cleaning and preparing its surface priorto bonding.9.1.4 Method of adhesive application (brush, spray, rollercoat, tape, etc.), amount of applied adhesive, open-time,close-time, press pressure, and press-time.9.1.5 Ambient con
32、ditions at time of bonding (temperature,humidity, etc.).9.1.6 Length of overlap used.9.1.7 Conditioning of joint prior to testing.9.1.8 Maximum, minimum, and average values of the fail-ing load.9.1.9 Number of specimens tested.9.1.10 Type of failure. This should include estimated per-centages of coh
33、esive failure in the adhesive unbonded area,apparent failure in adhesion, and failure in the adherend.9.1.11 Test temperature employed.9.1.12 The average thickness of adhesive layer after forma-tion of the joint shall be reported within 0.0127 mm (0.0005in.). The method of obtaining the thickness of
34、 the adhesivelayer shall be described including procedure, location ofmeasurements and range of measurements.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A precision and bias statement does not exist for thistest method because resources necessary for round robintesting have not been forthcoming.11. Keywords11.1 adhe
35、sive bond; lap-shear; sandwich joint; shear;tensionFIG. 2 Standard Test PanelD3164033SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D14.40 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 3164 - 97) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Practices E 4 to Section 2 Ref
36、erenced Documents(2) Added to 5.1 a statement that refers to Practices E 4.(3) Added to 5.2 a relative humidity tolerance.(4) Added to 8.1 a statement of information and reference toGuide D 4896.(5) Added to 9.1.4 more application method data for the testreport.ASTM International takes no position r
37、especting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Thi
38、s standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inte
39、rnational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown
40、below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3164034
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