1、Designation: D3213 13Standard Practices forHandling, Storing, and Preparing Soft Intact Marine Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These practices cover methods for project/cruisereporting, and handling, transporting and storing soft cohesiveintact marine soil
3、. Procedures for preparing soil specimens fortriaxial strength, and consolidation testing are also presented.1.2 These practices may include the handling and transport-ing of sediment specimens contaminated with hazardous ma-terials and samples subject to quarantine regulations.1.3 The values stated
4、 in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 These practices offer a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This docu
5、ment cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of these practicesmay be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard isnot intended to represent or replace the standard of care bywhich the adequacy of a given professiona
6、l service must bejudged, nor should this document be applied without consid-eration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Stan-dard” in the title means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
7、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Sections 1, 2 and 7.2. Reference
8、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional ConsolidationProperties of Soils Using Incremental LoadingD2488 Practice for Description and
9、 Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained TriaxialCompression Test on Cohesive SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4186 Test
10、Method for One-Dimensional ConsolidationProperties of Saturated Cohesive Soils Using Controlled-Strain LoadingD4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting SoilSamplesD4452 Practice for X-Ray Radiography of Soil Samples3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of terms used in thesepractices sh
11、all be in accordance with Terminology D653.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Procedures are presented for handling, transporting,storing, and preparing very soft and soft, fine-grained marinesediment specimens that minimize disturbance to the testspecimen from the time it is initially sampled at sea to the
12、timeit is placed in a testing device in the laboratory.5. Significance and Use5.1 Disturbance imparted to sediments after sampling cansignificantly affect some geotechnical properties. Careful prac-tices need to be followed to minimize soil fabric changescaused from handling, storing, and preparing
13、sediment speci-mens for testing.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of compet
14、entand objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on may factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.2 The practices presented
15、 in this document should be usedwith soil that has a very soft or soft shear strength (undrainedshear strength less than 25 kPa (3.6 psi) consistency.1These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling
16、andRelated Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3213 08. DOI:10.1520/D3213-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cust
17、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
18、PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 2Some soils that are obtained at or just below the seafloorquickly deform under their own weight if left unsupported. This type ofbehavior presents special problems for some types of testing. Specialhandling and preparation procedures are required under those circum
19、-stances. Test are sometimes performed at sea to minimize the effect ofstorage time and handling on soil properties. An undrained shear strengthof less than 25 kPa was selected based on Terzaghi and Peck.3Theydefined a very soft saturated clay as having undrained shear strength lessthan 25 kPa.5.3 T
20、hese practices shall apply to specimens of naturallyformed marine soil (that may or may not be fragile or highlysensitive) that will be used for density determination,consolidation, permeability testing or shear strength testingwith or without stress-strain properties and volume changemeasurements (
21、see Note 3). In addition, dynamic and cyclictesting can also be performed on the sample.NOTE 3To help evaluate disturbance, X-Ray Radiography has provenhelpful, refer to Practice D4452.5.4 These practices apply to fine-grained soils that do notallow the rapid drainage of pore water. Although many of
22、 theprocedures can apply to coarser-grained soils, drainage mayoccur rapidly enough to warrant special handling proceduresnot covered in these practices.5.5 These practices apply primarily to soil specimens thatare obtained in thin-walled or similar coring devices thatproduce high-quality cores or t
23、hat are obtained by pushing athin-walled tube into cores taken with another sampling device.5.6 These practices can be used in conjunction with soilscontaining gas, however, more specialized procedures andequipment that are not covered in these practices have beendeveloped for use with such material
24、s.NOTE 4For information on handling gas charged sediments, thereader is referred to papers by Johns, et al.,4and Lee.56. Apparatus6.1 Coring Device, capable of obtaining high-quality soilspecimens, including related shipboard equipment such ascable and winch. Typical coring devices used in industry
25、arethe wireline push or piston samplers.NOTE 5Some sampling devices, for example, box corers, obtainsamples of a size or shape that are difficult to preserve. Such cores can besubsampled aboard ship by pushing a thin-walled sampler into the largersize core. This method can produce samples from soils
26、 obtained near theseafloor. The subsamples can then be handled and stored according tothese practices.6.1.1 Metal or Plastic Liners or Barrels (Pipe or Thin-Walled Tubes), the soil will be obtained or stored within, orboth. Short sections of the liner, sharpened on one end, mayalso be used to subsam
27、ple larger sized cores (see Note 5). It isimportant to note that liners constructed of cellulose acetatebutyrate (CAB) plastic are pervious to water. Polycarbonate isnearly impervious and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is imperviousto water migration.6.2 Equipment Required on Board Ship to Seal and StoreS
28、oil Samples:6.2.1 Identification MaterialThis includes the necessarywriting pens, tags, and labels to properly identify thesample(s).6.2.2 Caps, either plastic, rubber, or metal, to be placed overthe end of thin-walled tubes, liners and rings, and sealed withtape or wax, or both.6.2.3 Packers, or ad
29、d wax to top and bottom of core to sealthe ends of samples within thin-walled tubes.NOTE 6Plastic expandable packers are preferred. Metal expandablepackers seal equally well; however, long-term storage using metalexpandable packers may cause corrosion problems.6.2.4 Filler Material, used to occupy t
30、he voids at the topand bottom of the sediment container. The material must beslightly smaller than the inside dimensions of the container andmust be a light-weight, nonabsorbing, nearly incompressiblesubstance. For example, wooden disks of various thicknessesthat have been coated with a waterproofin
31、g material can beused.6.2.5 Tape, either waterproof electrical or duct tape.6.2.6 Cheesecloth or Aluminum Foil, to be used in conjunc-tion with wax for block sample.6.2.7 Sealing Wax, non-shrinking, non-cracking wax, in-cludes microcrystalline wax, beeswax, ceresine, carnaubawax,or combination there
32、of.NOTE 7The wax must be able to adhere to the container and be ductileenough not to chip or flake off during handling at cold temperatures.Microcrystalline wax alone or in combination with other waxes has beenshown to be satisfactory in sealing the ends of cores stored at lowtemperatures.6.2.8 Plas
33、tic Wrap, used to prevent the wax from adheringto other objects and providing additional protection against soilmoisture loss.6.2.9 Core Storage Boxes.6.2.10 Rope, Cord, or Chains, used to immobilizecontainers, boxes, or other core storage fixtures aboard ship.6.2.11 Shipboard Refrigeration Equipmen
34、t, whengeochemical, or gas charged sediments are present or otherspecial use. Refrigeration may not be needed under somecircumstances, such as coring in shallow water in the tropics.6.3 Equipment for Transporting Cores, used from the shipto a shore-based laboratory facility.6.3.1 PackingMaterial to
35、protect against vibration andshock, includes foam rubber.6.3.2 Insulation, if refrigeration is not used, either granule(bead) sheet, or foam type, to resist temperature change of soilor to prevent freezing.6.3.3 Shipping Containers, either box or cylindrical typeand of proper construction to protect
36、 against vibration, shock,and the elements. Refer to Practices D4220.NOTE 8The length, girth, and weight restrictions for commercialtransportation must be considered.3Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R. B., Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 2nd ed.,Wiley, 1967, p. 729.4Johns, M. W., Taylor, E., and Brya
37、nt, W. R., “Geotechnical Sampling andTesting of Gas-Charged Marine Sediments at In Situ Pressures,” Geo-MarineLetters, Vol 2, 1982, pp. 231236.5Lee, H. J., “State of the Art: Laboratory Determination of the Strength ofMarine Soils,” Strength Testing of Marine Sediments, ASTM STP 883, ASTM,1985, pp.
38、181250.D3213 1326.4 Equipment for Storing Cores, used at the shore-basedlaboratory facility.6.4.1 Refrigeration Unit, capable of maintaining a tempera-ture close to the in situ condition, see 6.2.11.6.4.2 Core Storage Boxes or Racks, capable of supportingall cores in the vertical orientation in whic
39、h they wereobtained.NOTE 9An environment that is close to 100 % relative humidity maybe required to minimize sediment water loss during storage of samplesobtained within cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) liners unless they aretotally coated with impervious wax and plastic wrap. Other liner materials,
40、such as polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may be more suitablefor sample storage because of their low water transmissibility.6.5 Equipment for Preparing Specimens, used for laboratorytesting.6.5.1 Thin-Walled Rings, made of stainless steel or othernoncorrosive metal or material, used to obta
41、in samples forconsolidation or permeability testing.NOTE 10The sampling ring may also be used as the test confiningring. For size and deformation requirements of consolidation test ringsrefer to Test Methods D2435 and D4186. Because of the small height todiameter ratio of consolidation samples and d
42、ue to the nature ofconsolidation testing, the inside clearance ratio as specified by PracticeD1587 can be reduced from 1 % to zero. The ring area ratio, Ar, equal to(Do2Di2)/Di2 100 (terms are defined in Practice D1587) should beless than 13 % to minimize subsampling disturbance.66.5.2 Thin-Walled P
43、iston Subsampler, used to obtain triaxialtest specimens from soil that quickly deforms under its ownweight if left unsupported (see Fig. 1).NOTE 11To minimize soil disturbance, the sampler wall thicknessshould be the thinnest possible that will adequately obtain a test specimen.The area ratio (see N
44、ote 10) should be less than 10 % and the insideclearance ratio (refer to Practice D1587) should be zero.7. Hazards7.1 Preserving and transporting soil samples may involvepersonnel contact with hazardous materials, operations, andequipment. It is the responsibility of whoever uses thesepractices to c
45、onsult and establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations and requirements prior to use.7.2 Special instructions, descriptions, and marking of con-tainers must accompany and be affixed to any sample containerthat may include radioactive m
46、aterial, toxic chemicals, or otherhazardous materials.7.3 Interstate transportation, containment, storage, and dis-posal of soil samples obtained from certain areas within theUnited States and the transportation of foreign soils into orthrough the United States are subject to regulations established
47、by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and PlantHealth Service, Plant Protection, and Quarantine Programs,and possibly to regulations of other federal, state, or localagencies.8. Procedure8.1 Shipboard Handling of Soil Cores not Requiring Sub-sampling:8.1.1 Carefully bring soil sampling or co
48、ring device aboardship, avoid contact with either the side of the ship or moonpole, or dropping the device onto the deck during this process.For drop corers, have an end cap available to prevent materialfrom dropping out.NOTE 12Proper coring and sampling operations may not be possibleduring adverse
49、weather conditions or sea states.8.1.2 Remove liner or core tube from soil sampling orcoring device.8.1.3 Sealing the Bottom of the Sample Liner:8.1.3.1 Either insert expandable packer and tighten (somesediment may have to be removed) or add wax at top andbottom of core in its tube.8.1.3.2 Apply an end cap and securely tape in place withwaterproof electrical tape or duct tape. If the sample is to bestored for over 2 weeks prior to testing, insure that the tape iscompletely covered with wax by dipping the liner and end capinto a container of melted wax. Cover
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