1、Designation: D 3233 93 (Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMeasurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of FluidLubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3233; the number immediately following the designation i
2、ndicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover two procedure
3、s for making apreliminary evaluation of the load-carrying properties of fluidlubricants by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block TestMachine.NOTE 1Additional information can be found in Appendix X1 regard-ing coefficient of friction, load gage conversions, and load gage cablibra-tion curve.1.2 The va
4、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. Because the equipment used in these test methods isavailable only in inch-pound units, the SI units are omittedwhen referring to the equipment and the test specimens.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
5、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 16/B 16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass, Rod
6、, Barand Shapes for Use in Screw Machines2D 2670 Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties ofFluid Lubricants (Falex Pen and Vee Block Method)3D 2783 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to
7、This Standard:3.1.1 actual gage load, nthe value obtained from the gagewhile running the test and before any corrections are made.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis gage reading is irrespective of theparticular gage used, and corrections are made by comparisonto a standard reference.3.1.2 direct load, nthat whi
8、ch is applied linearly, bisect-ing the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800 or3000-lbf gage reference.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.1.3 true load, nthe sum of the applied forces normal tothe tangents of contact between the faces of one vee
9、 block andthe journal pin corrected to the 4500 lbf gage reference line.3.1.4 true load failure value, nthe true load at which thelubricant tested can no longer support the applied load resultingin either test pin or shear pin breakage, or inability to maintainor increase load.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThis
10、 value is also referred to as thelimit of extreme pressure.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Both test methods consist of running a rotating steeljournal at 290 6 10 rpm against two stationary V-blocksimmersed in the lubricant sample. Load is applied to theV-blocks by a ratchet mechanism. In Test Method
11、 A (Note 1),increasing load is applied continuously. In Test Method B(Note 1), load is applied in 250-lbf (1112-N) increments withload maintained constant for 1 min at each load increment. Inboth methods the load-fail value obtained is the criteria forlevel of load-carrying properties. Both methods
12、require cali-bration of the load gage and reporting of test results as true(corrected) loads rather than actual gage loads.NOTE 2Test Method A is referred to as the Falex Run-Up Test. TestMethod B is referred to as the Falex One-Minute Step Test.5. Significance and Use5.1 Evaluations by both test me
13、thods differentiate betweenfluids having low, medium, and high levels of extreme-pressureproperties. The user should establish any correlation betweenresults by either method and service performance.NOTE 3Relative ratings by both test methods on the reference fluidscovered in Table 1 and Table 2 are
14、 in good general agreement with1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.L0 on IndustrialLubricants.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved
15、in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 323393(1998).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.four-ball weld-point relative ratin
16、gs obtained on these same referencefluids, covered in Test Method D 2783.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine,4illustrated inFig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, fitted with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) gageor 3000-lbf (13 350-N) gage.6.2 Required for Calibration:6.2.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm
17、 Brinnell ball.56.2.2 Back-Up Plug.56.2.3 Standard Test Coupon,5soft, annealed copper, Hb3739.6.2.4 Brinnell Microscope, or equivalent.6.2.5 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.6.2.6 Rule, steel, 6-in. (approximately 150-mm) long.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Standard Coined-Blocks,596 6 1 angle,
18、 AISI C-1137steel, HRC 20 to 24, surface finish 5 to 10 in. (1.3 3 107to2.5 3 107m), rms.7.2 Standard Test Journals,514 in. (6.35 mm) outsidediameter by 114 in. (31.75 mm) long,AISI 3135 steel, HRB 87to 91 on a ground flat surface, surface finish 5 to 10 in.(1.3 3 107to 2.5 3 107m) rms.7.3 Locking P
19、ins,512 H brass, conforming to SpecificationB 16/B 16M.7.4 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.NOTE 4Petroleum distillate and benzene, formerly used as solvents inthis method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Each usershould select a solvent that can meet applicable safety s
20、tandards and stillthoroughly clean the parts.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Cleaning:8.1.1 Thoroughly clean the V-blocks, test journals, lubricantcup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washing,successively, with solvent selected in 7.4. Dry the V-blocks,test journals, lubricant cup, and
21、 supports by allowing the finalsolvent to evaporate in air.4The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, available from the Falex Corp.,1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for thispurpose. A new model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certainoperating proced
22、ures are different for this new model. Consult instruction manual ofmachine for this information.5Available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.TABLE 1 Results of Cooperative Tests on Reference Fluids L-XI-1-2-A, B, C, D, EA(TEST METHOD A)Labora-toryTestL-XI-1-2-AFail Load, lbf
23、L-XI-1-2-BFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-CFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-DFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-EFail Load, lbfGage True Gage True Gage True Gage True Gage TrueA1212001275840920120012758409204500 +4500 +4100 +4100 +43004500 +39504100 +2600240021001925B128008508609001000950105010254500 +4500 +4250 +4250 +4100430039
24、0041002050195020501950C1272565099091077575010209804500 +4500 +3200 +3200 +39504100290030001350130014601430D121400140010501050110012507709004500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +4500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +2900265021501975E12825750900820100092510601000445044504500 +4500 +41004150447545001825182519701970F121000B990B920
25、B910B100010508008504500 +4500 +4500 +4500 +35002900450035101850172019001720G12800700900800690660800750400037504275400033253150362534501430150016001675H1270070070070010001000100010004500 +4500 +4500 +4500 +37504000375040001900165019001650I127507506006001250100010008004500 +4500 +3750 +3750 +4500 +450
26、0 +3750 +3750 +1750175014501450Min AvgMax AvgGrand Avg600105085477510379202950C4488C3809C144520631796Repeatability Reproducibilitys = 0.0624 S = 0.140r = 0.179 (TL)DR = 0.402 (TL)DAReference fluids used and described in Test Method D 2783.BCalibration curves shifted.CSix laboratories.DTL = average t
27、rue load, lbf, of sample tested.D 3233 93 (2003)2TABLE 2 Results of Cooperative Tests on Reference Fluids L-XI-1-2-A, B, C, D, EA(TEST METHOD B)Labora-toryTestL-XI-1-2-AFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-BFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-CFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-DFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-EFail Load, lbfGage True Gage True G
28、age True Gage True Gage TrueA12110011007507501400140010001000415043503750400043504150400037502750220022501750B126706707507509406701000750420039004000375039004200375040002000175020001750C1252052075075052079075010004100 +4100 +3000 +3000 +41004100 +30003000 +1750175017501750D12160016001250125010801080
29、7507504500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +4500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +3000330022502500E1270070075075092592510001000385041504250450038503650425040001380185015002000F121075B1075B1000B1000B950950750750335035004250450033503050425037501925156020001500G126606607507506608007501000350032003750350030002800325030001550135017
30、501500H127507507507501000100010001000350040003500400042504000425040001500175015001750I1293093075075091091075075044004400375037504400 +4400 +3750 +3750 +1800180015001500Min AvgMax AvgGrand Avg750125083375010008753625C4375C3932C3125D4125D3837D150023751846Repeatability Reproducibilitys = 0.0624 S = 0.1
31、37r = 0.179 (TL)ER = 0.391 (TL)EAReference fluids used and described in Test Method D 2783.BCalibration curves shifted.CSeven laboratories.DSix laboratories.ETL = average true load, lbf, of sample tested.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Standard Pin and Vee Block Test MachineD 3233 93 (2003)38.1.2
32、After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care toprevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingerswith mating surfaces of V-blocks and test journals.8.2 Assembly:8.2.1 Insert the test journal into the test shaft and securewith a new brass locking pin, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.8.2.
33、2 Insert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loadingdevice and swing the V-blocks inward to contact the journal sothat the V-grooves are aligned with the journal major axis, asshown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.8.2.3 Place 60 mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup andraise the cup so that the V-blocks
34、are immersed in the testlubricant. With highly viscous fluids, open the jaws slightly toensure that the wear surfaces are covered with the lubricant.8.2.4 Place the automatic loading device, with attachedgage, on the jaw arms.9. Preparation of True Load Calibration Curve9.1 On log-log paper (K then
35、turn off the switch.12.1.2 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchetwheel by hand.At this setting the torque gage should read zero,or be adjusted to zero.12.1.3 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loadingratchet, and increase the load to a gage load equivalent to300-lbf (1334-N) true load
36、 (264-lbf direct load), as determinedin 8.1. Disengage the loading ratchet, start the timer, and allowthe machine to run at this loading for a 5-min run-in period.NOTE 8Maintain load at near constant by taking up the load manuallyor automatically by means of the ratchet wheel if necessary.12.2 Test:
37、12.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave itengaged until failure (Note 9) or until the highest indicatedactual gage reading is reached. Stop the motor at failure or atthe highest indicated actual gage load when no failure isobtained. Record the gage load at failure. Record 4500 lbf(2
38、0 000 N) if no failure is obtained.NOTE 9Failure is indicated by (a) breakage of shear pin or test pin, or(b) inability to take up the load automatically by means of the ratchetwheel.12.2.2 Using the calibration curves prepared in Sections 9and 10, determine and record the true load failure equivale
39、nt tothe actual gage load failure, or, if no failure, the true loadequivalent to the highest indicated actual gage load, with a plus( + ) sign after the true load value.NOTE 10To convert actual gage load to true load, locate the gage loadon the actual gage load curve. Through this point draw a verti
40、cal line tointersect the true load curve. Through this point of intersection draw ahorizontal line to the left-hand or right-hand load scale and read the trueload value.TEST METHOD B13. Determination of Actual Gage Load for Run-In and250-lbf (1112-N) True Load Increments13.1 The procedure, Section 1
41、4, requires a run-in at anactual gage load equivalent to 300-lbf (1334-N) true load(264-lbf direct load), and testing at incremental gage loadingsequivalent to 250-lbf (1112-N) true load (224-lbf direct load)over the range from 500 to 4500-lbf (2224 to 20 000-N) trueload (412 to 2885-lbf direct load
42、). Determine the equivalentactual gage loads as prescribed in Section 8, and Test MethodA. Record on a suitable reporting form, such as shown in Table3.TABLE 3 Suggested Report Form, Test Methods A and B, Showing DataOperator: Laboratory ATest Sample: L-XI-1-2-E Gage Type:Calibration Indentation Res
43、ults: 500 lbf = 2.13 mm 1500 lbf = 3.53 mm1000 lbf = 2.90 mm 2000 lbf = 4.06 mmTEST METHOD ARun-In: 5 min at 520 lbf actual gage load, equivalent to 300 lbf true load.Actual Gate Load,lbf, at FailureEquivalent True Load,lbf at FailureTest No. 1 2600 2100Test No. 2 2400 1925TEST METHOD BRun-In: 5 min
44、 at 520 lbf actual gage load, equivalent to 300 lbf true load.True Load, lbf Equivalent ActualGage Load, lbfTest No. 1 Test No. 2500 800 pass pass750 1100 pass pass1000 1400 pass pass1250 1650 pass pass1500 1950 pass pass1750 2200 pass fail2000 2450 pass2250 2750 fail2500 30002750 32003000 34003250
45、37003500 39003750 41504000 435042504500D 3233 93 (2003)614. Procedure14.1 Run-InUse the same procedure as prescribed in 12.1,Test Method A.14.2 Test:14.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave itengaged until the actual gage reading is equivalent to 500-lbf(2224-N) true load (412-lbf di
46、rect load), as determined inSection 13. Run for 1 min at this loading.NOTE 11Maintain load at near constant at this load and at subsequentincremental loading by taking up the load by means of the ratchet wheelwhen necessary.NOTE 12Keep the motor running after run-in and throughout subse-quent loadin
47、gs.14.2.2 Increase actual gage loads in the increments equiva-lent to 250-lbf (1112-N) true load (224-lbf direct load), asdetermined in Section 13, running for 1 min at each incrementloading. Record the load at which failure occurs (Note 14, Note15). If no failure is obtained, record the last load r
48、un with a plus( + ) sign after the value.NOTE 13Failure is indicated by (a) breakage of shear pin or test pin,or (b) inability to increase or maintain load by means of the ratchet wheel.NOTE 14If failure occurs during run-up between load increments,record the higher increment load as fail.14.2.3 Det
49、ermine and record the true load failure equivalentas described in 12.2.2.TEST METHODS A AND B15. Report15.1 Report the true load value at which failure occurred.15.2 If no failure is obtained, report the last true load run,with a plus ( + ) sign after the value.16. Precision and Bias16.1 The precision of these test methods as determined bystatistical examination of interlaboratory results is as follows(see Note 15):16.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operatin
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