1、Designation: D 3276 07Standard Guide forPainting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to paintinginspectors in carrying out their task efficiently. It includes thekey elements of surface pre
3、paration, coatings application, andfinal approval for both field and shop work. The items shouldbe selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particularjob.NOTE 1For additional helpful information, refer to the followingdocuments:Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plant
4、PrimaryContainment and Other Safety-Related Facilities2New Concepts for Coating Protection of Steel Structures3D16Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applica-tions4D 4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coatings and Lining Workfor Power Generation Facilities4SSPC-PA Guide 3 A
5、Guide to Safety in Paint Application5Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice5Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications5Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to theinspector for reference to special requirements for proper applicat
6、ion)Material Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel takenecessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). Available fromMaterials manufacturer.1.2 Certain industries or owners may require certified in-spection personnel. See Guide D 4537 for establishing proce-dures to certify ins
7、pectors for coatings work in nuclearfacilities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit
8、y of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide is arranged in the following order:SectionReferenced Documents 2ASTM Standards 2.1OSHA Standards 2.2Steel Structures Painting Co
9、uncil Publications 2.3International Standards Organization (ISO) 2.4Significance and Use 3Preparation for Inspection 4Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5Surface Preparation 5.1Pictorial Standard D 2200 5.1.1Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2Cleanliness 5.2.1Mill Scale 5.2.2Surface
10、Profile 5.2.3Cleaning Procedures 5.3Chemical Cleaning 5.3.1Solvent Vapor Cleaning 5.3.1.1Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.2Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal 5.3.4Blast Cleaning 5.3.5Pressurized Water Cleaning 5.3.6Cleaning and Preparation of Various Surfaces 5.4Steel Surfaces 5.4.1Gal
11、vanized Surfaces 5.4.2Aluminum Surfaces 5.4.3Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and PreviouslyPainted Surfaces 5.4.4Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5New Construction 5.5.1Maintenance Repainting 5.5.2Coating Storage and Handling 6Storage of Coating and Thinner 6.1Mixing of Coatings 6
12、.2Thinning 6.3Initial Samples 6.3.1Thinning of Coating 6.3.2Sampling of Thinned Coating 6.3.3Heating of Coating 6.4Weather Considerations 7Drying 7.1Low Temperature 7.2High Temperature 7.3Moisture 7.4Wind 7.5Coating Application 8Residual Contaminants 8.1Quality Assurance 8.2Film Defects 8.2.1Brush A
13、pplication 8.3Spray Application 8.4Roller Application 8.51This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 200
14、7. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 3276 05.2ASTM, 1979.3ASTM STP 841, ASTM, 1984.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
15、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
16、8-2959, United States.Miscellaneous Methods 8.6Rate of Application 8.7Additional Considerations 9Ventilation 9.1Shopcoat Repair 9.2Painting Schedule 9.3Film Integrity 9.4Recoat Time 9.5Coating System Failure 9.6Inspection Equipment 10General 10.1Surface Profile Gauges 10.1.1Adhesion of Existing Coat
17、ing 10.1.2Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers 10.1.3Field Inspection Equipment 10.2Drying and Curing Times 10.2.1Thermometers 10.2.1.1Relative Humidity and Dew Point 10.2.1.2Viscosity Cups 10.2.2Weight-per-Gallon Cup 10.2.3Wet-Film Thickness Gauges 10.2.4Interchemical Gauge 10.2.4.1Notched Gauge 10.2
18、.4.2Dry-Film Thickness Gauges 10.2.5Nondestructive Film Thickness Gauges 10.2.5.1Magnetic-Type Gauges 10.2.5.2Current-Type Gauges 10.2.5.3Tooke Gauge 10.2.5.4Holiday Detectors 10.2.6Comparison of Surface PreparationSpecifications Table 1Inspection Checklist AppendixX12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
19、Standards:4D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD 1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy S
20、urfaces for PaintingD 2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for PaintingD 2200 Standard Pictorial Surface Preparation Standardsfor Painting Steel SurfacesD 3359 Test Methods for MeasuringAdhesion by Tape TestD 4138 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry Film Thick-ness of
21、 Protective Coating Systems by Destructive MeansD 4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsD 4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pressed AirD 4414 Practice for Measurement ofWet FilmThickness byNotch GagesD 4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of SurfaceProfile of B
22、last Cleaned SteelD 4537 Guide for Establishing Procedures to Qualify andCertify Personnel Performing Coating Work Inspection inNuclear FacilitiesD 4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating andLining Work for Power Generation FacilitiesD 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of CoatingsUsing
23、Portable Adhesion TestersD 5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating CompatibilityD 5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing ofNonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic SubstratesD 6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD 7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measur
24、ement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA) Standard:29 CFR 1926.59 Hazard Communication62.3 SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)S
25、tandards:5SSPC-SP 1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP 2 Hand Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 3 Power Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1 White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3 Commercial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 11 Power Tool
26、Cleaning to Bare MetalSSPC-SP12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaningof Metals by Water Jetting Prior to RecoatingSSPC-SP 14/NACE No. 8 Industrial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 15 Commercial Grade Power Tool CleanerSSPC-PA 1 Shop, Field and Maintenance Painting of SteelSSPC-PA 2 Measurement of Dry Coa
27、ting Thickness withMagnetic GagesSSPC-VIS 1 Guide and Reference Photographs for SteelSurfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive BlastingSSPC-VIS 1-89 Visual Standard forAbrasion Blast CleanedSteelSSPC-VIS 3 Guide and Reference Photographs for SteelSurfaces Prepared by Hand and Power Tool CleaningSSPC-VIS 4/N
28、ACE No. 7 Visual Standard for SteelCleaned by Water JettingSSPC Paint 27 Basic Zinc Chromate-Vinyl Butyral WashPrimerSSPC Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris GeneratedDuring Paint Removal OperationsSSPC Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead Contami-nated Surface Preparation Debris2.4 ASTM Adjuncts:
29、Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting SteelSurfaces73. Significance and Use3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concernedwith the inspection of industrial coating work. Many of thedetails covered may be in a specification for a particular6Available from Standardization
30、Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.7The pictorial surface preparation standard MethodA(ISO/Swedish Standard) isavailable fromASTM International Headquarters. RequestAdjunct No.ADJD2200.D3276072project. A specifica
31、tion for coating projects should include thecoatings to be used. A checklist for use in the field is includedas an appendix.4. Preparation for Inspection4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector anddiscusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,that can be used to determine tha
32、t the specification require-ments have been met by the painting contractor.4.2 Before painting is started the project engineer shouldprovide the inspector with information from the official plansand specifications as to coating type, thinner to be used, mixingratios to be used, specified application
33、 thickness, primer, tiecoat, topcoat, time between coats, surface preparation, methodof application, and any special precautions to be followed suchas limits on ambient conditions. These details should berecorded in an inspectors record book to eliminate anymisunderstanding between the inspector and
34、 the contractor.4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of Materials SafetyData Sheets for all products that will be used on the project,review any hazard communications program in accordancewith 29 CFR 1926.59 that will apply to the project, and reviewother safety information related to the work tha
35、t will beperformed by the contractor. The inspector should examinethese materials and be supplied with appropriate protectiveequipment and devices.5. Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements5.1 Surface Preparation is one of the most important fac-tors affecting the performance of coatings. The s
36、pecifierdetermines the proper level in accordance with the expectedservice life and type of coating specified.5.1.1 Pictorial Standard D 2200 (SSPC-VIS 1) should beprovided to the inspector on a job involving blast cleaning ofstructural steel. The standard is used by the inspector to assistin determ
37、ining whether the degree of surface preparationspecified in a contract has been attained by the contractor. Forlarge jobs it is recommended that before work starts, an actualsteel sample of adequate size be blasted to the satisfaction ofthe project engineer. This blasted surface should be protectedb
38、y a clear acrylic coating or encased in plastic and used forreference purposes as the work progresses.5.2 Factors Affecting Coating PerformanceThere are anumber of factors that should be considered to ensure a properpainting job.5.2.1 CleanlinessMany materials, if not removed fromthe surface, will a
39、ffect the life of the coating. These include oil,grease, soil, weld spatter, and slag, that make it impossible toobtain proper adhesion to the metal surface. Deposits of salt(such as chlorides and sulfates) should be removed, or long-term coating performance will be seriously affected. SSPCissues de
40、tailed surface preparation specifications that covermethods for solvent cleaning, hand and power tool cleaning, aswell as the various methods of blast cleaning.5.2.2 Mill Scale, the bluish-black oxide resulting from thehot-rolling process, is a constant source of trouble leading tocoating failure. T
41、his scale is very brittle and can crack orloosen due to temperature changes (both in fabricating andweathering in the field) leading to failure of the coating.5.2.3 Surface ProfileThe texture of the metal surface hasa significant effect on the performance of coatings, since itincreases the surface a
42、rea to which the coating can developadhesion. In fact, the term “anchor pattern” is sometimes usedto describe the depth of profile. Profile varies both with thetype and size of the abrasive used. Coarser abrasives generallyproduce a coarser and deeper profile. Deep profiles are advan-tageous for adh
43、esion, but require more coating to fill in thevalleys and cover the peaks of the profile; they cannot be usedwith low-build coatings that do not cover the peaks even whenseveral coats are applied.Ageneral recommendation is that thesurface profile should be one quarter to one third of the dry filmthi
44、ckness of the coating system. This recommendation does notapply if the resulting profile would be too great. The angularity(sharpness) and density of the profile may affect adhesion.Methods for measuring surface profile can be found in TestMethods D 4417.5.3 Cleaning ProceduresSafety precautions are
45、 not ad-dressed separately for each of the following cleaning methods.Each has its own safety-related hazards, and U.S. OccupationalHealth and Safety Administration regulations should be fol-lowed. Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the solventsand cleaning compounds provided by the manufacture
46、r shouldalso be consulted for proper worker protection.5.3.1 Chemical CleaningSolvents are used to remove oil,grease, and related materials. The solvent is applied to thesurface by wiping or scrubbing with rags or brushes. Thecontaminants should be removed (not simply spread out) by athorough wiping
47、 of the affected areas with cloths saturated withclean solvent. Contaminated cloths should not be dipped intoclean solvent. The cleaning should be repeated with clean ragsand fresh clean solvent. Emulsions, cleaning compounds,steam cleaning, or similar methods and materials may also beused. Where em
48、ulsion cleaners, soaps, or detergents are used,they should be removed completely by washing with clean hotwater. SSPC-SP 1 covers cleaning procedures using thesematerials.5.3.1.1 Solvent Vapor Cleaning is a procedure that can beadapted to a production line or piecework operation. Vaporcleaning remov
49、es all soluble contaminants but does not disturbthe natural oxide film. If this film should be removed, mechani-cal cleaning will be necessary as well. The part to be cleanedis placed in the saturated vapor above the heated solvent so thatthe solvent vapor condenses on the metal surface. Vapordegreasing does not remove particulate matter, so parts shouldbe wiped to remove any insoluble soils. Vapor degreasing hasthe advantages over solvent wiping in that hot solvents are usedand the solvent condensation removes oils without recontami-nation.5.3.2 Hand Tool Cleaning is the met
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