1、Designation: D3288/D3288M 15Standard Test Methods forMagnet-Wire Enamels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3288/D3288M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover testing liquid enamel coatingsused to produce film-insulated magnet wire.1.2 The values stated in either lbs/gal or SI units
3、 are to beregarded separately as standard.1.3 The test methods appear as follows:SectionsDensity 610Determined Solids 1622Effective Solids 3137Flash Point 1115Infrared Analysis 4550Stack Loss 2330Viscosity 38441.4 There is no known IEC equivalent document.1.5 This standard does not purport to addres
4、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D29 Test Methods
5、 for Sampling and Testing Lac Resins(Withdrawn 2005)3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD476 Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium DioxideProductsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer M
6、ethodD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD5423 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory Ov-ens for Evaluation of Electrical InsulationE131 Terminology Relating to Molecular SpectroscopyE168 Practices for
7、General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-tative Analysis (Withdrawn 2015)3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE2975 Test Method for Calibration of Concentric CylinderRotational Viscometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of
8、terms used in these test methods,refer to Terminology D1711.3.2 Definitions of terms specific to this standard:3.2.1 For definitions of terms specific to this standard, seethe individual test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 These tests are useful for specification and controlpurposes during the m
9、anufacture, purchase, and use of themagnet-wire enamels, and for determining uniformity ofbatches.5. Sampling5.1 Take a representative sample of liquid enamel and storefor future testing. Store the sample at room temperature in atightly sealed, nearly full container, unless otherwise specified.Use a
10、 container that is inert and impermeable to the wireenamel. These precautions avoid either the escape of solvent orreaction with the container and atmosphere. Glass and somemetals are suitable materials. Copper, iron, and aluminum areunsatisfactory. After removing test specimens, use care torestore
11、these storage conditions.DENSITY6. Scope6.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof magnet-wire enamel in terms of specific gravity or weightper gallon.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the
12、 direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3288 08. DOI:10.1520/D3288_D3288M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
13、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at
14、 the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Significance and Use7.1 Density is useful for specification and control purposesduring the manufacture and use of magnet-wire enamel.7.2 The preferred method
15、is Procedure A, hydrometermethod.8. Procedure AHydrometer Method8.1 Determine the specific gravity of the magnet-wireenamel in accordance with Test Method D1298 at 25.0 60.1C.8.2 If weight per gallon is required, multiply the specificgravity by the weight per gallon of distilled water at the sametem
16、perature (8.31 lb/gal at 25.0 6 0.1C).9. Procedure BWeight per Gallon Method9.1 Determine the weight per gallon of the magnet-wireenamel in accordance with Test Method D1475 at 25.0 60.1C.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of the magnet-wire enamel, and10.1.2 When
17、using Procedure A, report the specific gravityto the third decimal place, or10.1.3 When using Procedure B, report the weight pergallon.FLASH POINT11. Scope11.1 This test method covers the determination of the flashpoint of magnet-wire enamel.12. Terminology12.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This
18、Test Method:12.2 flash point, of magnet-wire enamel, n the lowesttemperature at which magnet-wire enamel gives off flammablevapor in sufficient quantity to ignite in air on application of aflame under specified conditions.13. Significance and Use13.1 The flash point reveals the upper temperature lim
19、it thatis permissible for storage or use of a magnet-wire enamelwithout presenting a fire hazard.14. Procedure14.1 Determine the flash point in accordance with TestMethod D56.15. Report15.1 Report the following information:15.1.1 Identification of magnet-wire enamel, and15.1.2 Flash point, degrees C
20、elsius or Fahrenheit, prefer-ably in degrees Fahrenheit.DETERMINED SOLIDS16. Scope16.1 This test method covers the determination of a particu-lar measured value for the solids content in a magnet-wireenamel.17. Terminology17.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Test Method:17.2 determined solids,
21、 of magnet-wire enamel, nthe por-tion of a magnet-wire enamel which is not volatilized whenexposed to specified conditions.18. Significance and Use18.1 Determined solids is one of the critical factors in amagnet-wire enamel that affects film build on a conductor.18.2 The determined solids is also us
22、eful for control pur-poses during the manufacture and use of magnet-wire enameland in determining uniformity of batches.18.3 The stack loss (see 27.3) requires the DeterminedSolids value as an input.19. Apparatus19.1 Forced-Convection Oven, capable of maintaining 2006 3C at the specified specimen lo
23、cation. Refer to Specifica-tion D5423 Type II for a representative oven.19.2 Weighing Dishes, aluminum, approximately 2 in.(51 mm) in diameter, and58 in. (16 mm) height.19.3 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 6 0.1 mg.20. Procedure20.1 Preheat dishes to remove oil. Five minutes at 200 63C is
24、 adequate.20.2 Test a minimum of two specimens.20.3 Place a 2.0 g specimen (6 0.1 mg) into a taredaluminum dish and weigh immediately.20.4 The weighed specimen must thoroughly cover theentire bottom surface of the weighing dish. Accomplish this bywarming the more viscous materials.20.5 Place the dis
25、h and its contents in a 200 6 3Cforced-convection oven for 2 6 0.1 h.20.6 Remove the dish from the oven and cool to roomtemperature in a desiccator.20.7 Weigh the dish and its contents (6 0.1 mg).21. Report21.1 Report the following information:21.1.1 Ratio of the weight of residue to that of the spe
26、cimen,expressed as a percentage, as the determined solids content, S,calculated as follows:S 5 Weight of residue/weight of specimen! 3100 (1)21.1.2 Number of tests and individual values,21.1.3 Average determined solids of all tests made, and21.1.4 Identification of the magnet-wire enamel.D3288/D3288
27、M 15222. Precision and Bias22.1 Precision:22.1.1 The results of all measurements on the sampletypically agree within 6 0.5 %.22.2 Bias:22.2.1 Statements of bias are not applicable in view of theunavailability of a standard reference material for this property.STACK LOSS23. Scope23.1 This test method
28、 covers the determination of the stackloss of magnet-wire enamel applied toAWG No. 18 (1.02-mm)electrical conductor using an inorganic material as a reference.NOTE 1With other sizes of electrical conductor, expect a variation instack loss. This is particularly true with smaller diameter wire. Expect
29、difficulty in removing the coating from fine wire.24. Terminology24.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Test Method:24.2 stack loss, of magnet-wire enamel, nthat portion ofthe magnet-wire enamel solids which are lost during theconductor-coating process.25. Significance and Use25.1 The stack loss
30、 of magnet-wire enamel will affect theincrease in dimensions, the amount of enamel used, the weightincrease, and the economics of applying the enamel to theconductor.26. Apparatus and Reagent26.1 Laboratory Magnet-Wire-Coating Equipment, thatwill duplicate production application conditions and a sup
31、plyof bare conductor to be used for the test.26.2 Laboratory Mixer or Drill Press.26.3 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining 600C.26.4 Oven, forced-convection, capable of maintaining 1106 2.5C (refer to Specification D5423 Type II).26.5 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest0.1 mg.2
32、6.6 Balance, capable of weighing 2 kg (6 1g)26.7 Weighing Bottles, tall-form cylindrical, glass.26.8 Crucibles, high-form, high-temperature.26.9 Container, at least 2 L in capacity.26.10 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), meeting the specificationsoutlined in Specification D476, Type III.27. Procedure27.1 Det
33、ermine the optimum conditions for applying themagnet-wire enamel using laboratory coating equipment.27.2 Condition the crucible in a muffle furnace maintainedat 600 6 20C to a constant weight (Note 2), and immediatelyplace it in a desiccator for storage.NOTE 2In practice, crucibles will come to cons
34、tant weight at 600C,if held in the muffle furnace for 14 to 16 h (overnight).27.3 Measure the determined solids of the magnet-wireenamel in accordance with Sections 1622, and the ashcontent of the solids in accordance with Test Methods D29.27.4 Weigh into the container 1000 6 1 g of the magnet-wire
35、enamel.27.5 Weigh into the container an amount of TiO2equal tothe weight (6 1.0 g) of the solids in the 1000-g specimen of themagnet-wire enamel.27.6 Mix the contents in the container until the TiO2iscompletely dispersed in the wire enamel.27.7 Apply this enamel in accordance with 27.1, using thesam
36、e conditions and obtaining the same increase in build.Within2hofapplying the enamel to the conductor, completelystir the enamel to ensure dispersion.27.8 Remove this coating from the wire by snapping andtwisting the wire or by other suitable means. Place the removedcoating in a weighing bottle. For
37、the coatings that are difficultto remove, try chilling the wire before snapping. In all cases,take care to prevent including any of the metal conductor.27.9 To remove moisture, place the weighing bottle contain-ing the coating in a 110 6 2.5C forced-convention oven for 606 2 min.27.10 Remove the wei
38、ghing bottle and contents from theoven and allow it to cool to room temperature in a desiccator.27.11 Weigh two conditioned crucibles and weigh into each0.5 to 0.6 g of the dried coating from the weighing bottle. Makeall weighings to the nearest 0.1 mg.27.12 Weigh two conditioned crucibles and weigh
39、 into each0.5 to 0.6 g of TiO2.27.13 Place all four crucibles in the cold muffle furnace.Start the furnace, allowing the temperature to come to 600C in1to2h.27.14 Leave the crucibles in the muffle furnace at 600 620C until they reach a constant weight (Note 2). Remove thecrucibles and allow them to
40、cool in a desiccator to roomtemperature.27.15 Weigh the crucibles.28. Calculation28.1 Calculate the percent stack loss, L, of the magnet-wireenamel as follows:Let F 5 EA!/AB1CD! (2)Let R 5 100/F!G 2 F!Then L 5 100 2 Rwhere:A =TiO2mixed with the wire enamel, g,B = percent of TiO2ash, expressed as a d
41、ecimal,C = solids in the wire-enamel specimen, g,D = percent ash of the wire-enamel solids, expressed as adecimal,E = weight of ash in the coating specimen, gD3288/D3288M 153F = corrected ash weight, g,G = original weight of coating specimen before ashing, g,andR = retention of coating.29. Report29.
42、1 Report the following information:29.1.1 Identification of magnet-wire enamel,29.1.2 Determined solids content of the magnet-wireenamel,29.1.3 Percent ash content of the magnet-wire enamelsolids.29.1.4 Average percent retention of coating to two decimalplaces, and29.1.5 Average percent stack loss t
43、o two decimal places.30. Precision and Bias30.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but nostatement of precision has been made and no activity is plannedto develop such a statement.EFFECTIVE SOLIDS31. Scope31.1 This test method covers the determination of thepercentage of liquid enamel
44、that will be retained on the metalconductor in the finished product.32. Terminology32.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Test Method:32.2 effective solids, of magnet-wire enamel, nthe percent-age of the liquid enamel retained after the removal of thesolvents and the additional oven bakes that s
45、imulate the stackloss that occurs during the enameling manufacturing processfor magnet wire.32.3 evaporative solids, of magnet wire enamels, nthepercentage of liquid enamel that will be retained after removalof the solvents according to step 35.1 of this test procedure.32.4 simulated stack loss, nth
46、e percentage change inevaporative solids after additional lab oven heat exposures asdescribed in step 35.2 of this procedure.33. Significance and Use33.1 In determining the cost of a magnet-wire enamel, onlythat portion of the enamel that is retained on the conductor isof value.34. Procedure34.1 Eva
47、porative Solids:34.1.1 Test a minimum of two specimens.34.1.2 Preheat the aluminum weighing pans to remove oil.Five min at 200 6 3C is adequate.34.1.3 Remove the pans from the oven and cool to roomtemperature in a desiccator.34.1.4 Measure the tare weight (p) of the dried aluminumpan to an accuracy
48、of 6 0.1 mg.34.1.5 Add 1 6 0.1 g of liquid magnet wire enamel intoeach tared aluminum weighing pan and measure to an accuracyof 6 0.1 mg (total of pan and contents = I).34.1.6 Distribute the material evenly over the bottom of thepan.34.1.7 Place the pan and its contents into a forced airconvection l
49、aboratory oven for the time and temperaturespecified in Table 1.34.1.8 Remove the pan from the oven and cool to roomtemperature in a desiccator.34.1.9 Weigh the pan and its dried contents (6 0.1 mg).34.1.10 Record these result as W1.34.2 Simulated Stack Loss:34.2.1 Place the pans from 34.1.9 into the additional forcedair convection laboratory ovens for the times and temperaturesspecified in Table 2.NOTE 3When running simulated stack loss, pans do not have to godirectly from one oven to the other. Do not leave the pans in the oven ifyou are ch
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