ASTM D3289-2003 Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)《用镍坩埚法测定半固态及固态沥青材料比重的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 3289 03Standard Test Method forDensity of Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials(Nickel Crucible Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof semi-solid and solid bituminous materials by w

3、eighing in airand in water.NOTE 1An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solidand solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 70. For materials whichare too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D 3142.1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any,

4、associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements

5、for Test Methods for Construction Materials2D 70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and SolidBituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)3D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials3D 3142 Test Method for Density of Liquid Asphalts (Hy-drometer Method)3D 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Vol

6、ume Correc-tion to a Base Temperature3E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers43. Terminology3.1 densitythe mass per unit volume of a material.3.2 relative densitythe ratio of the mass of a given volumeof a material to the mass of the same volume of water at thesame temperature. (Note 2)NOTE 2Relativ

7、e density is also called specific gravity.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is placed in a nickel crucible and weighed inair, and then in water at the test temperature. The density iscalculated from the mass of the sample and its apparent masswhen weighed in water.5. Significance and Use5.1 Va

8、lues of density are used for converting volumes tounits of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from thetemperature of measurement to a standard temperature usingPractice D 4311.6. Apparatus6.1 Crucible, nickel, high-form, 30-mL capacity, about 43mm in height by 41 mm in diameter.6.2 Bath, cons

9、tant-temperature, capable of maintaining thetest temperature within 60.1C.6.3 Thermometer, calibrated liquid in glass, totalimmersion-type, of suitable range with graduations at leastevery 0.1C and a maximum scale error 0.1C as prescribed inSpecification E 1. Thermometer commonly used is 63C. OlderA

10、STM 63F thermometers may be used until supplies areexhausted. Any other thermometer device of equal accuracymay be used.6.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 g. It shall befitted with a pan straddle and a wire basket, as shown in Fig. 1.6.5 Basket and Pan Straddle, capable of holding the cru-cib

11、le in air or in water by suspending from the balance beam,as shown in Fig. 1. The basket may be made out of soft0.81-mm copper wire or equivalent. The straddle may be madeout of about 0.81-mm aluminum sheeting formed to providesupport of the beaker while permitting free movement of thepan.7. Materia

12、l7.1 WaterFreshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionizedwater.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D 140. Thesample shall be free of foreign substances.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility

13、of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 3289-97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.4Annual Book of ASTM St

14、andards, Vol 14.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a repre-sentative portion for testing.9. Procedure9.1 Place the clean, dry nickel crucible in the wire basketand suspend

15、 the basket from one arm of the balance. Weigh tothe nearest 1 mg and record the combined mass as W1.9.2 Fill a 400-mL Griffin, low-form beaker with distilledwater, which is freshly boiled and cooled to test temperatureand place it on the pan straddle. Suspend the basket containingthe empty crucible

16、 from the balance arm so that the crucible isimmersed in the water. Weigh to the nearest 1 mg and recordthe apparent mass as W2.9.3 Remove the crucible from the basket and dry.9.4 Preparation of SampleHeat the sample with care,stirring to prevent local overheating, until the sample hasbecome suffici

17、ently fluid to pour. In no case should thetemperature be raised to more than 55C above the expectedsoftening point for tar, or to more than 110C above theexpected softening point for asphalt. Do not heat for more than60 min., and avoid incorporating air bubbles into the sample.9.5 Warm the crucible

18、in a 120C oven for 10 min, then fillthe dried crucible nearly full with the sample. Allow to cool toambient temperature for a period of not less than 40 min,suspend in the basket and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Recordthe mass of the crucible and basket plus the sample as W.9.6 Remove the crucible fro

19、m the basket and immerse it inthe water bath maintained within 61C of the test temperature.Allow to remain in the water for at least 30 min.9.7 At the end of 30 min, remove the crucible from the bathand insert it in the basket. Place the beaker filled with distilledwater at the test temperature 60.1

20、C on the pan straddle.Suspend the basket containing the crucible from the balancearm so that the crucible is immersed in the water in the beaker.Weigh to the nearest 1 mg and record the apparent mass as W3.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the relative density as follows:relative density 5 W 2 W1!/W 2 W

21、1! 2 W32 W2!# (1)where:W = mass of the crucible containing the sample sus-pended in the basket in the air, g,W1= apparent mass of the empty crucible suspended inthe basket in the air, g,W2= mass of the empty crucible suspended in the basketin the water, g, andW3= apparent mass of the crucible contai

22、ning the samplesuspended in the basket in water, g.10.2 Calculate density as follows:Density 5 relative density 3 WT(2)where:WT= density of water at the test temperature (Note 3).NOTE 3Density of water from CRC Handbook of Chemistry andPhysics5:Test Temperature, C Density of Water, kg/m3FIG. 1 Analy

23、tical Balance Equipped with Crucible Holder, Immersion Beaker, and Pan StraddleD328903215.0 999.125 997.011. Report11.1 Report the density to the nearest 1 kg/m3(0.001 kg/L)and the test temperature.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation of the rel

24、ative density has been found to be0.00058. Therefore, the results of two properly conducted testsby the same operator on the same asphalt should not differ bymore than 1.6 kg/m3.12.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory stan-dard deviation of the relative density has been found to be0.00072.

25、 Therefore, the results of two properly conducted testsby two laboratories on the same material should not differ bymore than 2.0 kg/m3.NOTE 4These numbers represent the 1S and D2S limits as describedin Practice C 670. The precision of tests at 15.0C has been taken to be thesame as at 15.6C (60F).12

26、.3 BiasThe bias of this test method has not beendetermined.13. Keywords13.1 asphalt; bituminous material; densityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advi

27、sed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either

28、reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If

29、 you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individ

30、ual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).5CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,74thEdition, 19931994, pp. 612.D3289033