1、Designation: D 3289 08Standard Test Method forDensity of Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials(Nickel Crucible Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof semi-solid and solid bituminous materials by w
3、eighing in airand in water.NOTE 1An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solidand solid bituminous materials is Test Method D70. For materials whichare too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D 3142.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as thestandard. The v
4、alues given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5、limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid BituminousMaterials (Pycnometer Method)D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD
6、3142 Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, orDensity of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer MethodD 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correc-tion to a Base TemperatureE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 OtherCRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics3. Terminology3.1
7、densitythe mass per unit volume of a material.3.2 relative densitythe ratio of the mass of a given volumeof a material to the mass of the same volume of water at thesame temperature. (Note 2)NOTE 2Relative density is also called specific gravity.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is placed in a
8、 nickel crucible and weighed inair, and then in water at the test temperature. The density iscalculated from the mass of the sample and its apparent masswhen weighed in water.5. Significance and Use5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes tounits of mass, and for correcting measured vol
9、umes from thetemperature of measurement to a standard temperature usingPractice D 4311.6. Apparatus6.1 Crucible, nickel, high-form, approx. 30-mL capacity,approx. 43 mm in height by approx. 41 mm in diameter.6.2 Bath, constant-temperature, capable of maintaining thetest temperature within 60.1C (0.2
10、F).6.3 Thermometric device, calibrated liquid in glass, total-immersion type, of suitable range with graduations at leastevery 0.1C (0.2F) and a maximum scale error 0.1C (0.2F)as prescribed in Specification E1. Thermometer commonlyused is 63C (63F). Any other thermometric device of equalaccuracy may
11、 be used.6.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 g. It shall befitted with a pan straddle and a wire basket, as shown in Fig. 1.6.5 Basket and Pan Straddle, capable of holding the cru-cible in air or in water by suspending from the balance beam,as shown in Fig. 1. The basket may be made out of sof
12、t0.81-mm (No. 20) copper wire or equivalent. The straddle maybe made out of approx. 0.81-mm (20-gauge) aluminum sheet-ing formed to provide support of the beaker while permittingfree movement of the pan.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and
13、 is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 3289 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
14、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Material7.1 Water
15、Freshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionizedwater.8. Hazards8.1 Warning: Mercury has been designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may
16、behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingproducts. See the applicable product Material Safety DataSheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitewww.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should beaware that sell
17、ing mercury, mercury containing products, orboth, into your state may be prohibited by state law.9. Sampling9.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D 140. Thesample shall be free of foreign substances.9.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a repre-sentative portion for testing.10. Proced
18、ure10.1 Place the clean, dry nickel crucible in the wire basketand suspend the basket from one arm of the balance. Weigh tothe nearest 0.001 g and record the combined mass as W1.10.2 Fill a 600-mL or larger Griffin low-form beaker withdistilled water, which is freshly boiled and cooled to testtemper
19、ature and place it on the pan straddle. Suspend thebasket containing the empty crucible from the balance arm sothat the crucible is immersed in the water. Weigh to the nearest0.001 g and record the apparent mass as W2.10.3 Remove the crucible from the basket and dry.10.4 Preparation of SampleHeat th
20、e sample with care,stirring to prevent local overheating, until the sample hasbecome sufficiently fluid to pour. In no case should thetemperature be raised to more than 55C (131F) above theexpected softening point for tar, or to more than 110C (230F)above the expected softening point for asphalt. Do
21、 not heat formore than 60 min., and avoid incorporating air bubbles into thesample.10.5 Warm the crucible in a 120C (250F) oven for 10 min,then fill the dried crucible nearly full with the sample. Allow tocool to ambient temperature for a period of not less than 40min, suspend in the basket and weig
22、h to the nearest 0.001 g.Record the mass of the crucible and basket plus the sample asW.10.6 Remove the crucible from the basket and immerse it inthe water bath maintained within 60.1C (0.2F) of the testtemperature. Allow to remain in the water for at least 30 min.10.7 At the end of 30 min, remove t
23、he crucible from thebath and insert it in the basket. Place the beaker filled withdistilled water at the test temperature 60.1C (0.2F) on thepan straddle. Suspend the basket containing the crucible fromthe balance arm so that the crucible is immersed in the water inthe beaker. Weigh to the nearest 0
24、.001 g and record theapparent mass as W3.FIG. 1 Analytical Balance Equipped with Crucible Holder, Immersion Beaker, and Pan StraddleD328908211. Calculation11.1 Calculate the relative density as follows:relative density 5 W 2 W1!/W 2 W1! 2 W32 W2!# (1)where:W = mass of the crucible containing the sam
25、ple sus-pended in the basket in the air, g,W1= apparent mass of the empty crucible suspended inthe basket in the air, g,W2= mass of the empty crucible suspended in the basketin the water, g, andW3= apparent mass of the crucible containing the samplesuspended in the basket in water, g.11.2 Calculate
26、density as follows:Density 5 relative density 3 WT(2)where:WT= density of water at the test temperature (Note 3).NOTE 3Density of water from CRC Handbook of Chemistry andPhysics:Test Temperature, C Density of Water, kg/m3(kg/L).15.0 999.1 (0.9991)25 997.0 (0.9970)12. Report12.1 Report the density to
27、 the nearest 1 kg/m3(0.001 kg/L)and the test temperature.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation of the relative density has been found to be0.00058. Therefore, the results of two properly conducted testsby the same operator on the same asphalt sho
28、uld not differ bymore than 1.6 kg/m3(0.0016 kg/L). See Note 4.13.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory stan-dard deviation of the relative density has been found to be0.00072. Therefore, the results of two properly conducted testsby two laboratories on the same material should not differ by
29、more than 2.0 kg/m3(0.0020 kg/L). See Note 4.NOTE 4These numbers represent the 1S and D2S limits as describedin Practice C 670. The precision of tests at 15.0C has been taken to be thesame as at 15.6C (60F).13.3 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in this test method for
30、measuring density becauseno material having an acceted reference value is available.14. Keywords14.1 asphalt; bituminous material; density; nickel crucibleASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
31、 Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed e
32、very five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible tec
33、hnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3289083
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