1、Designation: D3289 08D3289 17Standard Test Method forDensity of Semi-Solid and Solid BituminousAsphaltMaterials (Nickel Crucible Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid bituminousas
3、phalt materials by weighingin air and in water.NOTE 1An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminousasphalt materials is Test Method D70. For materials whichare too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to thebe r
4、egarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 Warning Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can caus
5、e central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products.See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and EPAs websitewww.epa.gov/merc
6、ury/faq.htmfor additionalinformation. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibitedby state law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser
7、of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD70 Test Method
8、for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD3142 Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer MethodD4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base TemperatureE1 Sp
9、ecification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 OtherCRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics3. Terminology3.1 densitythe mass per unit volume of a material.3.2 relative densitythe ratio of the mass of a given volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water at the sametemperature.temp
10、erature (Note 2).NOTE 2Relative density is also called specific gravity.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008March 15,
11、 2017. Published January 2008March 2017. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 asD3289 03.D3289 08. DOI: 10.1520/D3289-08.10.1520/D3289-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An
12、nual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not b
13、e technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
14、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is placed in a nickel crucible and weighed in air, and then in water at the test temperature. The density iscalculated from the mass of the sample and its apparent mass when weighed in water.5. Si
15、gnificance and Use5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from thetemperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311.6. Apparatus6.1 Crucible, nickel, high-form, approx. 30-mL capacity, approx. 43 mm in height
16、 by approx. 41 mm in diameter.6.2 Bath, constant-temperature, capable of maintaining the test temperature within 60.1C (0.2F). 60.1 C.6.3 Thermometric device,Device, calibrated liquid in glass, liquid-in-glass, total-immersion type, of suitable range withgraduations at least every 0.1C (0.2F) 0.1 C
17、and a maximum scale error 0.1C (0.2F) 0.1 C as prescribed in Specification E1.Thermometer commonly used is 63C (63F). Any other thermometric device of equal accuracy may be used.6.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.001 g. It shall be fitted with a pan straddle and a wire basket, as shown in Fig. 1.
18、6.5 Basket and Pan Straddle, capable of holding the crucible in air or in water by suspending from the balance beam, as shownin Fig. 1. The basket may be made out of soft 0.81-mm (No. 20) copper wire or equivalent. The straddle may be made out ofapprox. 0.81-mm (20-gauge) aluminum sheeting formed to
19、 provide support of the beaker while permitting free movement of thepan.7. Material7.1 WaterFreshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionized water.water, free of visual contaminates. Water greater than threedays post boiling and cooling shall not be used.8. Hazards8.1 Warning: Mercury has been desig
20、nated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many stateagencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury a
21、nd mercury containing products.FIG. 1 Analytical Balance Equipped with Crucible Holder, Immersion Beaker, and Pan StraddleD3289 172See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitewww.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware tha
22、t selling mercury, mercury containing products, or both, into your state maybe prohibited by state law.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with Practice D140. The sample shall be free of foreign substances.8.2 Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a representative portion for testing.9. Pr
23、ocedure9.1 Place the clean, dry nickel crucible in the wire basket and suspend the basket from one arm of the balance. Weigh to thenearest 0.001 g and record the combined mass as W1.9.2 Fill a 600-mL or larger Griffin low-form beaker with distilled water, which is freshly boiled and cooled to test t
24、emperatureand place it on the pan straddle. Suspend the basket containing the empty crucible from the balance arm so that the crucible isimmersed in the water. Weigh to the nearest 0.001 g and record the apparent mass as W2.9.3 Remove the crucible from the basket and dry.9.4 Preparation of SampleHea
25、t the sample with care, stirring to prevent local overheating, until the sample has becomesufficiently fluid to pour. In no case should the temperature be raised to more than 55C (131F) 55 C above the expected softeningpoint for tar, or to more than 110C (230F) 110 C above the expected softening poi
26、nt for asphalt. Do not heat for more than 60min.,min, and avoid incorporating air bubbles into the sample.9.5 Warm the crucible in a 120C (250F) 120 C oven for 10 min, then fill the dried crucible nearly full with the sample.Allowto cool to ambient temperature for a period of not less than 40 min, s
27、uspend in the basket and weigh to the nearest 0.001 g. Recordthe mass of the crucible and basket plus the sample as W.9.6 Remove the crucible from the basket and immerse it in the water bath maintained within 60.1C (0.2F) 60.1 C of thetest temperature. Allow to remain in the water for at least 30 mi
28、n.9.7 At the end of 30 min, remove the crucible from the bath and insert it in the basket. Place the beaker filled with distilled waterat the test temperature 60.1C (0.2F) 60.1 C on the pan straddle. Suspend the basket containing the crucible from the balancearm so that the crucible is immersed in t
29、he water in the beaker. Weigh to the nearest 0.001 g and record the apparent mass as W3.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the relative density as follows:relative density5W 2W1!/W 2W1!2W32W2!# (1)where:W = mass of the crucible containing the sample suspended in the basket in the air, g,W1 = apparent mas
30、s of the empty crucible suspended in the basket in the air, g,W2 = mass of the empty crucible suspended in the basket in the water, g, andW3 = apparent mass of the crucible containing the sample suspended in the basket in water, g.10.2 Calculate density as follows:Density5relative density3WT (2)wher
31、e:WT = density of water at the test temperature (Note 3).NOTE 3Density of water from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics:Test Temperature, C Density of Water, kg/m3 (kg/L).Test Temperature, C Density of Water, kg/m3 (kg/L)15.0 999.1 (0.9991)25 997.0 (0.9970)11. Report11.1 Report the density to the
32、 nearest 1 kg/m3 (0.001 kg/L) and the test temperature.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator standard deviation of the relative density has been found to be 0.00058.Therefore, the results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same asphalt shoul
33、d not differ by more than1.6 kg/m3 (0.0016 kg/L). See Note 4.D3289 17312.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory standard deviation of the relative density has been found to be 0.00072.Therefore, the results of two properly conducted tests by two laboratories on the same material should not d
34、iffer by more than 2.0kg/m3 (0.0020 kg/L). See Note 4.NOTE 4These numbers represent the 1S and D2S limits as described in Practice C670. The precision of tests at 15.0C15.0 C has been taken to bethe same as at 15.6C (60F).15.6 C.12.3 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias of the procedure i
35、n this test method for measuring density because nomaterial having an accetedaccepted reference value is available.13. Keywords13.1 asphalt; bituminousasphalt material; density; nickel crucibleASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wi
36、th any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tech
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38、on at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
39、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 174
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