1、Designation: D 3299 00An American National StandardStandard Specification forFilament-Wound Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset ResinCorrosion-Resistant Tanks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3299; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.
3、Scope*1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated byfilament winding for above-ground vertical installation, tocontain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure as clas-sified herein, and made of a commercial-grade polyester orvinylester resin. Included are requirements for materia
4、ls, prop-erties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workman-ship, and appearance.1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vesselsintended for pressure above atmospheric, vacuum conditions,except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use withliquids heated above their fl
5、ash points.1.3 The values given in parentheses are provided for infor-mation purposes only.NOTE 1Special design consideration should be given to vesselssubject to superimposed mechanical forces, such as earthquakes, windload, or agitation, and to vessels subject to service temperature in excessof 18
6、0F (82C), and to vessels with unsupported bottoms.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, assoc
7、iated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermose
8、tting Resins Used in Glass Fiber ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid Service2C 582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced, Ther-mosetting Plastic (RTP) Laminates for Corrosion ResistantEquipment3D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and ElectricalInsulating Materials for Testing2D 883 T
9、erminology Relating to Plastics2D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres-sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings3D 2150 Specification for Woven Roving Glass Fabric forPolyester-Glass Laminates4D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol Impres
10、sor5D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResins5D 2996 Specification for Filament-Wound Reinforced Ther-mosetting Resin Pipe3D 2997 Specification for Centrifugally Cast “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe3D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics6
11、D 4024 Specification for Machine Made FiberglassFlanges3D 5421 Specification for Contact Molded Flanges3F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems32.2 ANSI Standards:B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class25, 125, 250, and 80073. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in a
12、ccordance with Termi-nologies D 883 and F 412, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 filament-woundas applied to tanks, a process in whichthe principal circumferential load-bearing reinforcement isapplied by continuous filament winding.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
13、Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originallypublished as D 3299 74. Last previous edition D 3299 95ae1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3An
14、nual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.4Discontinued; see 1986 Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.7Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary o
15、f Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3 contact moldinga molding process that includes“hand lay-up,” “spray-up,” or a combination of these manu-facturing processes.4. C
16、lassification4.1 Tanks meeting this specification are classified accordingto type as follows, and it is the responsibility of the purchaserto specify the requirement for Type II tanks, the operatingpressure or vacuum levels, and the safety factor required forexternal pressure. Absence of a designati
17、on of type requiredshall imply that Type I is adequate.4.1.1 Type IAtmospheric pressure tanks vented directly tothe atmosphere, designed for pressure no greater or lower thanatmospheric.4.1.2 Type IIAtmospheric pressure tanks vented directlyinto a fume conservation system, and designed to withstand
18、thespecified positive and negative pressure not to exceed 14 in.(355.6 mm) of water when all tie-down lugs are properlysecured, in accordance with the fabricators recommendationsfor flat-bottom tanks.4.2 Tanks meeting this specification are classified accordingto grade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 1Tanks
19、manufactured with a single generictype of thermoset resin throughout.4.2.2 Grade 2Tanks manufactured with different generictypes of thermoset resin in the barrier and the structuralportion.NOTE 3The external corrosive environment due to spillage or corro-sive vapors should be considered when specify
20、ing Grade 2 tanks (see7.1.3.3).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 ResinThe resin used shall be a commercial-grade,corrosion-resistant thermoset that has either been evaluated ina laminate by test in accordance with 11.3 or that has beendetermined by previous documented service to be acceptablefor the s
21、ervice conditions. Where service conditions have notbeen evaluated, a suitable resin also may be selected byagreement between fabricator and purchaser.5.1.1 The resin shall contain no pigment, dyes, colorants, orfiller, except as follows:5.1.1.1 A thixotropic agent that does not interfere withvisual
22、 inspection of laminate quality, or with the requiredcorrosion resistance of the laminate, may be added for viscos-ity control.NOTE 4The addition of a thixotropic agent may reduce the resistanceof many resin systems to certain corrosive chemical environments. It is theresponsibility of the fabricato
23、r, using a thixotropic agent in the resinrequired for 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, to ascertain its compatibility with thecorrosive environment when this has been reported to him by thepurchaser.5.1.1.2 Resin pastes used to fill crevices before overlay shallnot be subject to the limitations of 5.1.1.5.1.1.3 Res
24、in may contain pigment, dyes, or colorants whenagreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.NOTE 5The addition of pigment, dyes, or colorants may interfere withvisual inspection of laminate quality.5.1.1.4 Ultraviolet absorbers may be added to the exteriorsurface for improved weather resistance, if
25、agreed upon be-tween fabricator and purchaser.5.1.1.5 Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agentsmay be added to halogenated resins for improved fire resis-tance, if agreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.NOTE 6Because the addition of fire-retardant agents may interferewith visual inspec
26、tion of laminate quality, they should not be used in theinner surface (7.1.1) or interior layer (7.1.2) unless their functionaladvantages would outweigh the loss of visual inspection.5.2 Reinforcement:5.2.1 Chopped-Strand MatChopped-strand mat shall beconstructed from chopped commercial-grade E-type
27、 glassstrands bonded together using a binder. The strands should betreated with a sizing that is chemically compatible with theresin system used.NOTE 7The selection of the particular chopped-strand mat is depen-dent upon the performance characteristics required of the finished productand upon the pr
28、ocessing techniques to be used.5.2.2 Continuous RovingContinuous roving shall be acommercial-grade of E-type glass fiber with a sizing that ischemically compatible with the resin system used.5.2.3 Nonwoven Biaxial or Unidirectional FabricTheseproducts shall be a commercial Grade of E-type glass fibe
29、r witha sizing that is chemically compatible with the resin systemused.5.2.4 Woven RovingWoven roving shall be in accordancewith Specification D 2150.5.2.5 Surface MatThe reinforcement used for the innersurface (7.1.1) shall be either a commercial-grade chemicalresistant glass surface mat or an orga
30、nic-fiber surface mat. Inenvironments that attack glass, the use of an organic-fibersurface mat is required.6. Design Requirements Design Requirements6.1 Filament-Wound LaminatesThe maximum allowablestress of the total laminate (that is, filament winding plus innersurface (7.1.1) and interior layer
31、(7.1.2) shall be limited by theallowable movement (strain) of the tank wall when filled withfluid.6.1.1 The maximum allowable hoop stress shall be deter-mined as follows:SH5 ETZ! (1)where:SH= hoop stress, psi (kPa),ET= hoop tensile modulus of the total laminate (seeAppendix X3), psi (kPa), andZ = al
32、lowable strain.NOTE 8The use of an accepted analytical technique, such as lami-nated plate theory (LPT), for design and analysis of composite vesselsmay predict stresses, strains, and strength on a ply-by-ply basis, givensome basic lamina properties.NOTE 9Tanks for installation outdoors shall be des
33、igned for the effectof wind loading and other environmental factors in accordance with sounddesign practice, including tank buckling analysis.NOTE 10Tanks with significant physical loadings other than fluidhead (such as side mounted equipment, violent agitation, unusually highD 3299 002flow rates, a
34、nd unsupported bottoms) shall be given special designconsideration.6.1.2 The allowable strain of the tank wall shall not exceed0.0010 in./in. (mm/mm) at 70F (21C).6.1.3 Tanks shall have a longitudinal strength at least equalto that of a helically wound tank having a maximum angle ofwind of 80 (measu
35、red from the tank axis, that is, 90 is hoopwinding). For reference, the longitudinal tensile strength of atypical 80 helical winding is approximately 2200 psi (15 168kPa).NOTE 11Tanks with unsupported bottoms require special designconsideration.6.1.4 The minimum required wall thickness of the filame
36、ntwound portion of the tank shall be determined as follows:t 5PD2SH50.036gHD2 ETZorS0.2489gHD2 ETZD(2)where:t = thickness, in. (mm),P = pressure 0.036 H, psi (0.2489 H, kPa),H = fluid head, in. (mm),g = specific gravity of fluid, andD = inside diameter of tank, in. (mm).The thickness of the inner su
37、rface and interior layer (7.1.1and 7.1.2) shall be added to this calculated thickness.6.1.4.1 The minimum thickness of the tank shall be 0.1875in. (4.76 mm).6.2 Design for External Pressure:6.2.1 Cylindrical ShellsFor cylindrical shell, compute thevalue 1.73 (Do/t)0.5. If the result is less than L/D
38、oof thecylinder, compute Paas follows:Pa5 2.6E/F!Do/L!t/Do!2.5(3)If the result is greater than L/Doof the cylinder, compute Paas follows:Pa52.6E/F!Do/L!t/Do!2.5L/Do! 2 0.45 t/Do!0.5(4)where:Do= outside diameter, in. (mm),E = lower of hoop tensile modulus or axial tensile modu-lus, psi (kPa),F = desi
39、gn factor = 5,L = design length, in., of a vessel section, taken as thelargest of the following: (a) the distance betweenhead-tangent lines plus one-third the depth of eachformed head if there are no stiffening rings (excludingconical heads and sections); (b) the distance betweencone-to-cylinder jun
40、ctions for vessels with a cone orconical heads if there are no stiffening rings; (c) thegreatest center-to-center distance between any twoadjacent stiffening rings; (d) the distance from thecenter of the first stiffening ring to the formed headtangent line plus one-third the depth of the formedhead
41、(excluding conical heads and sections), allmeasured parallel to the axis of the vessel; (e) thedistance from the first stiffening ring in the cylinder tothe cone-to-cylinder junction,Pa= allowable external pressure, psi (kPa), andt = wall thickness, in. (mm) (nominal).6.2.2 Torispherical HeadsFor to
42、rispherical heads, com-pute the allowable external pressure Paas follows:Pa5 0.36E/F!t/Ro!2(5)where:Ro= outside crown radius of head, in. (mm).6.2.2.1 For torispherical heads subject to internal loading,the knucle radius shall be externally reinforced in accordancewith Fig. 1. The reinforcement thic
43、kness shall be equal to thethickness of the head as calculated above. The thickness of ajoint overlay near the knucle radius tangent line of a dishedhead contributes to the knucle reinforcement.6.2.3 Stiffening RingsThe required moment of inertia, Is,of a circumferential stiffening ring for cylindri
44、cal shells underexternal pressure or internal vacuum shall not be less than thatdetermined by the following formula:Is5 PLsDo3F/24Eh(6)where:Do= shell outside diameter, in. (mm),Eh= hoop tensile modulus, psi (kPa),F = design factor = 5,Is= moment of inertia, in.4(mm4), of stiffener and effec-tive le
45、ngth of shell,Ls= one-half of the distance from the centerline of thestiffening ring to the next line of support on one side,plus one-half of the centerline distance to the next lineof support on the other side of the stiffening ring, bothmeasured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, in.Alineof sup
46、port is the following: (a) a stiffening ring thatmeets the requirements of this paragraph; (b)acircumferential line on a head at one-third the depthof the head from the head tangent line; (c) a cone-to-cylinder junction, andP = actual external pressure, psi (kPa).FIG. 1 Jointed Head DetailSketch AD
47、3299 003Typical half-round stiffener sizes and dimensions for differ-ent values of Isare shown in Fig. 2. Other stiffener profilesmeeting the required moment of inertia may be used.6.3 Contact Molded LaminatesPortions of the tank, suchas joints, heads, nozzles, and supports, may be fabricated bycont
48、act molding. Contact-molded laminates shall satisfy theminimum property requirements listed in Specification C 582,as shown in Table 1.6.3.1 Top HeadThe top head, regardless of shape, shall beable to support a single 250-lbf (113.4 kg) load ona4by4-in.(100 by 100-mm) area without damage and with a m
49、aximumdeflection of12 % of the tank diameter at the area the load isapplied.6.3.1.1 The minimum thickness shall be 0.1876 in. (4.76mm).NOTE 12Support of auxiliary equipment, snow load, or operationpersonnel may require additional reinforcement or the use of stiffener ribs,sandwich construction, or other stiffening systems. Type II tanks may alsorequire additional reinforcement.6.3.2 Bottom HeadThe minimum thickness for a fullysupported flat-bottom head for Type I tanks shall be as follows:316 in. (4.8 mm) for 2 to 6 ft (0.6 to
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