1、Designation: D 3322 82 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Practice forTesting Primers and Primer Surfacers Over PreformedMetal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing primers and primer surfacers. The test met
3、hodsincluded are listed in Table 1.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
4、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusC 540 Test Method for Image Gloss of Porcelain EnamelSurfa
5、ces3D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coa
6、ting ProductsD 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting onPainted Steel SurfacesD 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Air Blast Abrasive3D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExteri
7、or PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Immersion1This practice is under the jurisdiction of
8、 ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyap-proved in 1974. Last previous edition approv
9、ed in 2001 as D 3322 82 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.TABLE 1 Test Method
10、sProperty Section ASTMMethodFederal TestMethodSpecificationNo. 141BAbrasion resistance:Air blast abrasion testerFalling sand method6.26.2D 658D 968.6191Adhesion:Scrape adhesion 6.3 D 2197 6303.1Parallel-groove adhesion 6.3 D 2197 6302.1Tape adhesion 6.3 D 3359 .Chemical resistance:Household chemical
11、 resistance 6.4.2 D 1308 .Detergent resistance 6.4.3 D 2248Hydrocarbon resistance 6.4.4 . 6011Chip resistance 6.5 D 3170 .Color difference:Visual evaluationInstrumental evaluation6.66.6D 1729D 22444249.16123Cracking resistance 6.7 D 2246 .Elongation:Conical mandrelCylindrical mandrel6.86.8D 522D 173
12、7.Filiform corrosion 6.9 D 2803 .Gloss 6.10 D 523 6101Hardness 6.11 D 1474 .Holdout 6.12 C 540 .Mildew resistance 6.13 . 6271.1Outdoor exposure:Blistering 6.14.2 D 714 6461Cracking 6.14.2 D 661 6471Rusting 6.14.2 D 610 6451Checking 6.14.2 D 660 6421Print resistance 6.15 D 2091 .Salt spray resistance
13、 6.16 B 117 6061Sanding properties 6.17 . 6321Water resistance:High humidityWater immersion6.18.26.18.3D 1735D 870.Weldability 6.19 .AAU.S. Military Specification MIL-P-46105 (MR).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 968
14、 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous BaseD 1308 Te
15、st Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal BaseD 1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD 1640 Test Methods for Dr
16、ying, Curing, or Film Forma-tion of Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 1731 Practices for Preparation of
17、 Hot-Dip AluminumSurfaces for PaintingD 1732 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Sur-faces for PaintingD 1733 Method of Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products3D 1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Fog Appar
18、atusD 1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached OrganicCoatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus3D 2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of LacquersD 2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for PaintingD 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape Adhe
19、sionD 2201 Practice for Preparation of ZincCoated and Zin-cAlloyCoated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and RelatedCoating ProductsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2246 Test Method for Finishes on Primed Metallic Su
20、b-strates for Humidity-Thermal Cycle Cracking3D 2248 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Fin-ishesD 2454 Practice for Determining the Effect of Overbakingon Organic CoatingsD 2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance ofOrganic Coatings on MetalD 3170 Test Method for Chipping Resi
21、stance of CoatingsD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttack2.2 Federal Test Methods:4141B/6011 Immersion Resistance141B/6271.1 Mildew Resistance141B/6321 Sanding Characte
22、ristics2.3 U.S. Military Specification:MIL-P-4610543. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 primer, nthe first of two or more coats of paint,varnish, or lacquer system (same as in Terminology D16).3.1.2 primer surfacer, na pigmented coating for fillingminor irregularities which is sanded to obtain a smoo
23、thuniform surface preparatory to applying finish coats. A primersurfacer is not usually applied over a primer.4. Significance and Use4.1 Primers and primer surfacers may be used over manydifferent surfaces top coated with one or more of a variety ofcoatings and subjected to many kinds of wear and ex
24、posure.4.2 The selection of the tests to be used for any givenproduct or system must be governed by experience and by therequirement agreed upon between the producer and the user.5. Panel Preparation5.1 Treatment of SubstratePreparation of test panelsshould include any cleaning treatment agreed upon
25、 between thepurchaser and the seller or one of the following ASTMPractices: D 609, D 1730, D 1731, D 1732, D 2201; GuideD 2092; and Method D 1733.5.2 Substrate, Film Thickness, and Application MeansConduct performance tests on the specified substrate oncoatings having a film thickness agreed upon be
26、tween thepurchaser and the seller. Primers are generally applied to a dryfilm thickness of 8 to 38 m (0.3 to 1.5 mil) and primersurfacers to film thickness of 17 to 50 m (0.7 to 2.0 mil).Unless otherwise agreed upon, apply primers and primersurfacers in accordance with Practices D 823.5.3 Measuremen
27、t of Film ThicknessSince the propertiesof the primer or primer surfacer can vary considerably with thethickness of the coating, it is important to know the filmthickness. Measure the film thickness in accordance with TestMethods D 1400, D 1005, or D 1186.5.4 Drying of Primer or Primer Surfacer:5.4.1
28、 Before tests are run, air dry or bake the primer orprimer surfacer according to the schedule and temperature andage as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.5.4.2 Overbake the primer or primer surfacer to determinethe time/temperature effect on the physical and chemicalproperties. Do thi
29、s in accordance with Practice D 2454.5.4.3 It may be desirable for some reason (handling, stack-ing, etc.) to determine the various stages and rates of filmformation in the drying or curing of primers and primersurfacers at room temperatures. Do this as described in TestMethod D 1640.6. Physical Pro
30、perties of The Dry Film6.1 Primers and primer surfacers are usually (but not al-ways) topcoated. Therefore, many of the following tests shouldbe run on the complete system (substrate/primer or primer4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphi
31、a, PA 19111-5094.D 3322 82 (2005)2surfacer/topcoat). Some of the tests however are for theuntopcoated primer or primer surfacer. The properties requiredof a primer or primer surfacer depend on the intended end useand the tests to be used should be selected on the basis ofexperience and agreed upon b
32、etween the purchaser and theseller.6.2 Abrasion ResistanceDetermine the abrasion resis-tance as described in either Test Method D 658 or D 968.6.3 Adhesion:6.3.1 The primer or primer surfacer of a specified substrateas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller issubjected to an adhesion test
33、to determine the degree ofattachment the coating has to the substrate.6.3.2 Determine the adhesion of the primer or primersurfacer as described either in Test Methods D 2197 or D 3359.6.3.3 The above methods, in addition to measuring theadhesion of the coating to the substrate, can also be used tode
34、termine the intercoat adhesion between the topcoat and theprimer or primer surfacer.6.4 Chemical Resistance:6.4.1 Coating systems frequently come into contact withvarious chemicals that may have an effect on the properties ofthe system. Failure when it occurs is usually in the form ofdiscoloration,
35、change in gloss, blistering, softening, swelling,dissolving, or loss of adhesion. Unless a primer is to be leftuntopcoated in actual service, primers and primer surfacersshould be topcoated with the appropriate product beforeundergoing chemical resistance tests.6.4.2 Household Chemical ResistanceDet
36、ermine the ef-fect of chemicals in accordance with Test Method D 1308.6.4.3 Detergent ResistanceDetermine the resistance tofailure under conditions of immersion in a detergent solution inaccordance with Practice D 2248.6.4.4 Hydrocarbon ResistanceTest hydrocarbon resis-tance in accordance with Metho
37、d 6011 of U.S. Federal TestMethod Standard No. 141B.6.5 Chip ResistanceThe chip resistance of a primer orprimer surfacer is the ability of a film to withstand suddenimpact from stones, gravel, etc., without being loosened fromthe substrate. Determine chip resistance by Test MethodD 3170.6.6 Color Di
38、fference-Pigmented Dry FilmThe color dif-ferences between two similarly homogeneously colored,opaque film such as those formed by primers or primersurfacers may be determined using visual evaluating tech-niques or by instrumental means. Determine color differencesvisually using Practice D 1729. Dete
39、rmine color differencesinstrumentally using Practice D 2244.6.7 Cracking ResistanceA test for resistance to tempera-ture and humidity changes, or a cold cracking test as it issometimes called, is designed to give an indication of theresistance of a coating system to cracking or checking causedby tem
40、perature and humidity changes and also by aging. Thedegree of correlation between accelerated crack results andlong-term room-temperature aging varies with the types ofcoating. The industry uses the test widely and it is felt that asystem showing good cold crack resistance will performsatisfactorily
41、 in service. Some factors that can affect results aretype of substrate, substrate thickness, primer, primer surfacer,topcoat, and film thickness of the different coatings. Determinecracking resistance in accordance with Test Method D 2246.6.8 ElongationAn elongation test may be used as anindication
42、of the flexibility of an attached primer or primersurfacer. It can also show whether there is any change duringaging. Determine elongation by Test Methods D 522 orD 1737.6.9 Filiform Corrosion ResistanceFiliform corrosion is atype of corrosion that occurs under coatings on metal substratesand is cha
43、racterized by a definite thread-like structure anddirectional growth. Determine the susceptibility of organicfilms over metal substrates to this type of corrosion by GuideD 2803.6.10 GlossDetermine the gloss of primers and primersurfacers in accordance with Test Method D 523.6.11 HardnessDetermine t
44、he film hardness of primers andprimer surfacers in accordance with Test Methods D 1474,using either Test Method A (Knoop indentation hardness) orTest Method B (Pfund indentation hardness) as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller. Other methods ofdetermining hardness may be used as agreed u
45、pon between thepurchaser and the seller.6.12 HoldoutHoldout is the ability of a primer or primersurfacer to give a smooth (nonporous), uniform appearancewhen topcoated. This property can be evaluated visually or byinstrumental means. One method of measuring for holdout isdescribed in Test Method C 5
46、40.6.13 Mildew ResistanceTest mildew resistance in accor-dance with Method 6271 of U.S. Federal Test Method StandardNo. 141B or Practice D 3456.6.14 Outdoor Exposure:6.14.1 Primers and primer surfacers can have an importanteffect on the durability of any paint system destined for exterioruse. While
47、the accelerated tests given in other sections of thispractice are intended to enable one to predict performance,actual outdoor exposure should be made. Usage of paintsystems is so varied that no one set of conditions (length ofexposure or place of exposure) can be given in this practice tocover all
48、situations. These conditions as well as the type ofsubstrate, substrate preparation, etc., should be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller. However, it is suggestedthat, unless otherwise agreed upon, prepare panels for outdoorexposure in accordance with 4 of this practice.6.14.2 Many prope
49、rties of organic coating systems shouldbe evaluated periodically throughout the outdoor exposureperiod. Where failures occur on a topcoated system, experienceis required to determine whether or not the primer or primersurfacer is involved. Properties most likely to involve theprimer or primer surfacer may be evaluated as follows:blistering, Test Method D 714; cracking, Test Method D 661;rusting, Test Method D 610; checking, Test Method D 660.6.15 Print ResistanceAprint test can be used to determinethe degree of thermoplasticity or solvent retention of a film
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