1、Designation: D 3345 74 (Reapproved 1999)Standard Test Method forLaboratory Evaluation of Wood and Other CellulosicMaterials for Resistance to Termites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory evaluation oftreated or untreated cell
3、ulosic material for its resistance tosubterranean termites. This test should be considered as ascreening test for treated material and further evaluation byfield methods is required.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
4、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautions, see 6.1.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1413 Test Method for Wood Preservatives by Laboratory
5、Soil-Block Cultures23. Apparatus3.1 Containers, Glass or Clean Plastic, with loosely fittingtops with liners removed, 220 to 450 cm3(8 to 16 oz).3.1.1 If volatile chemicals are to be tested, a 4.8 mm (No. 12or approx316 in.) hole is drilled in the center of the top.3.2 Tray, enamel, stainless steel,
6、 or plastic, 0.25 m by 0.51m (10 by 20 in.) and bucket.3.3 Paper Towels.4. Reagents and Materials4.1 Benzalkonium Chloride Solution (1 + 750)Add 1 partbenzalkonium chloride to 750 parts water. A comparablesurface antiseptic is satisfactory.4.2 Distilled Water.4.3 Sand, brown or white, screened, wash
7、ed, and heat-sterilized.4.4 Southern Yellow Pine (Pinus spp.) measuring 25.4 mm(1.00 in.) square by 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) in the tangentialdirection. Sapwood, no visible defects, smoothed surfacesequivalent to planed or sanded, 2 to 3 rings/cm (4 to 6rings/in.). All test samples should come from same pa
8、rentboard.4.4.1 Other wood species may be used, but in each separatetest using other species as the major test wood, five southernyellow pine sapwood blocks should be used as additionalcontrols to permit the correlation of test results among labora-tories.4.5 Subterranean TermitesUse a major common
9、speciesof the region being studied.4.5.1 Specific identification of any termites used shall beobtained and reported with the test data.5. Determination of Sand Water-Holding Capacity5.1 Determine the quantity of distilled water to be added tothe sand during the test as follows:5.1.1 Place 100 g of o
10、ven-dry sand in a beaker anddetermine the volume of water required to saturate the sand.The saturation point is defined as the point when the additionof more water will result in free water on the surface of thesand.5.1.2 Calculate the percent saturation as follows:% Saturation 5 weight of water/ove
11、n dry weight of sand! 3 100(1)5.1.3 Add water to the sand as follows:% water to add 5 saturation 2 7.0 (2)5.1.4 For example, the saturation point was reached at 20mL of water:Saturation 5 20/100! 3 100 5 20.0 % (3)% Water to add 5 20.0 2 7.0 5 13.0 %6. Collection of Termites6.1 Subterranean Termites
12、, for example, (Reticulitermes,Coptotermes, spp.)Collect from a large colony (over50 000) in a natural forest situation, for example, from fallenlogs, stumps, etc, or from strong laboratory cultures.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Woodand is the direct responsibi
13、lity of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for WoodProducts.Current edition approved Aug. 30, 1974. Published October 1974.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 Remove short lo
14、g sections to the laboratory and splitthem. Shake the insects out onto a tray or trays. Afterdistributing the debris and insects evenly on the tray(s), laydamp paper towels, sheets of kraft paper, etc, over the debris.The termites will cling to the damp paper after a few minutes.6.1.2 Preparea8to11-
15、L(2to3-gal) pail by placing aboutten unfolded slightly crumpled, damp paper towels in thebottom of the pail. Rinse these towels in distilled water andsqueeze damp a number of times. Cover these towels withabout ten unfolded, dry paper towels.6.1.3 Shake the damp towels covering the tray debris intot
16、he above described pail. After 2 to 4 h, remove the dry towelsand any insects and debris on them from the pail and discard.Use insects clinging to the lower, damp towels in the test.6.1.4 Do not hold termites in the pail longer than 24 h beforeusing.6.1.5 Caution: Exercise reasonable care to ensure
17、that anytermites discarded (for example, 6.1.3) are dead. Ovendryingdebris and towels used at 100C for6hissufficient. When atest is finished, reasonable care should also be exercised thatliving insects are not discarded.7. Weathering of Test Blocks7.1 If the test material is weathered prior to expos
18、ure to theinsects, report the complete details on the weathering.7.2 The ASTM weathering procedure for the soil-block testis recommended (see Method D 1413).8. Conditioning of the Test Blocks8.1 Condition all test blocks, following weathering if used,to a constant weight within the equilibrium moist
19、ure contentrange from 6 to 14 % moisture content to ensure that all solventis removed prior to exposure to insects.8.2 The ASTM soil-block conditioning procedure is recom-mended (see Method D 1413).9. Block Quantity and Identifications9.1 Prepare five replicate blocks for each variable under test,fo
20、r example, for each retention of each preservative or chemi-cal to be tested.9.2 Use five untreated blocks as described in 9.1 as controlsfor each separate study.9.3 If a southern yellow pine (SYP) is not used as thespecies in 9.1 and 9.2, then add five blocks of untreated SYP toeach study to permit
21、 a comparison to studies using SYP as themajor species.9.4 Identify all blocks with a number in a suitable manner.10. Assembling Containers10.1 Prior to using, wash all containers rinsed in the surfaceantiseptic solution, and dry.10.2 Place the test block in the bottom of the container withone edge
22、of the block up against the side of the container.10.3 Add 200 g of sand to each container.10.4 Use suitable numbers on each container.10.5 Add sufficient distilled water to each container asdetermined in Section 5. After addition of the water, allow thecontainers to stand overnight.10.6 Assemble fi
23、ve containers with sand, water, and ter-mites but without test blocks.11. Adding Termites11.1 Weigh out 1 6 0.05 g of subterranean termites (Section6) and add to each of the previously prepared containers. Selectthe termites so that about 90 % are workers.11.2 Replace the container tops loosely.12.
24、Container Storage and Inspections12.1 Select five test containers randomly and weigh indi-vidually. Maintain all containers at 25.5 to 27.7C (78 to 82F)for 4 weeks.12.2 At the end of the first and fourth weeks, examine thecontainers and record the presence of tunneling, termite mor-tality, and posit
25、ion of the termites in the container as follows:12.2.1 After 1 week, containers assembled in accordancewith 10.6 should show virtually complete survival, therebyindicating that test procedures have been followed and vigor-ous termites used.12.2.2 Tunneling Present, yes, no. (Tunneling indicatesvigor
26、 of insects.)12.2.3 Majority Termite Position(On or beneath surface.Position on surface suggests response of termites to an antago-nizing effect such as repellency of preservative.)12.2.4 Approximate Termite MortalitySlight (0 % to33 %), moderate (34 % to 66 %), heavy (67 % to 99 %),complete (100 %)
27、.12.2.5 Weekly reweigh the five selected containers (12.1)and add distilled water to all containers if the moisture contentof the sand drops below two percentage points of the originalmoisture content (see Section 5).13. Container Disassembly13.1 After 4 weeks disassemble the containers and removean
28、d clean the blocks. Prior to and during the disassembly, notethe items in 12.2. Discard the used sand and termites (see 6.1.5)and do not reuse for subsequent tests.14. Block Evaluation14.1 Examine and visually rate each block using the follow-ing rating system:10 Sound, surface nibbles permitted9 Li
29、ght attack7 Moderate attack, penetration4 Heavy0 Failure14.2 Blocks representative of these levels of attack areshown in Fig. 1.15. References15.1 In general, details of the Method D 1413 or AWPAStandard M 10 (they are identical) should be used for treatingprocedure and any other items in question n
30、ot specificallymentioned in the above detailed termite test method.16. Keywords16.1 cellulosic materials; termites; woodD 33452ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
31、expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not re
32、vised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
33、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United S
34、tates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Typical Ratings of Termite Attack on Test BlocksD 33453
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