1、Designation: D 3345 08Standard Test Method forLaboratory Evaluation of Wood and Other CellulosicMaterials for Resistance to Termites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory evaluation oftreated or untreated cellulosic material fo
3、r its resistance tosubterranean termites. This test should be considered as ascreening test for treated material and further evaluation byfield methods is required.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This st
4、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningSee6.1.4.)2. Refe
5、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1413 Test Method for Wood Preservatives by LaboratorySoil-Block Cultures2.2 Other Documents:3AWPA E10 Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures3. Apparatus3.1 Containers, Glass or Clean Plastic, with loosely fittingtops with liners removed, 22
6、0 to 450 cm3(8 to 16 oz).3.1.1 If volatile chemicals are to be tested, a 4.8 mm (No. 12or approximately316 in.) hole is drilled in the center of the top.3.2 Tray, enamel, stainless steel, or plastic, 0.25 m by 0.51m (10 by 20 in.) and bucket.3.3 Paper Towels.4. Reagents and Materials4.1 Benzalkonium
7、 Chloride Solution (1+750)Add 1 partbenzalkonium chloride to 750 parts water. A comparablesurface antiseptic is satisfactory.4.2 Distilled Water.4.3 Sand, brown or white, screened, washed, and heat-sterilized.4.4 Southern Yellow Pine (SYP) (Pinus spp.) measuring25.4 mm (1.00 in.) square by 6.4 mm (0
8、.25 in.) in the tangentialdirection. Sapwood, no visible defects, smoothed surfacesequivalent to planed or sanded, 2 to 3 rings/cm (4 to 6rings/in.). All test samples should come from same parentboard.4.4.1 Other wood species may be used, but in each separatetest using other species as the major tes
9、t wood, five SYPsapwood blocks should be used as additional controls to permitthe correlation of test results among laboratories.4.5 Subterranean TermitesUse a major common speciesof the region being studied.4.5.1 Specific identification of any termites used shall beobtained and reported with the te
10、st data.5. Determination of Sand Water-Holding Capacity5.1 Determine the quantity of distilled water to be added tothe sand during the test as follows:5.1.1 Place 100 g of oven-dry sand in a beaker anddetermine the volume of water required to saturate the sand.The saturation point is defined as the
11、point when the additionof more water will result in free water on the surface of thesand.5.1.2 Calculate the percent saturation as follows:% Saturation 5 weight of water/oven dry weight of sand! 3 100(1)5.1.3 Add water to the sand as follows:% water to add 5 saturation 2 7.0 (2)5.1.4 For example, th
12、e saturation point was reached at 20mL of water:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for WoodProducts.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1974. La
13、st previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3345 74 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Ava
14、ilable from the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), PO Box361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Saturation 5 20/100! 3 100 5 20.0 % (3)% Water to add 5 20.0 2 7.0 5 13.0 %6
15、. Collection of Termites6.1 Subterranean Termites, for example, (Reticulitermes,Coptotermes, spp.)Collect from a large colony (over50 000) in a natural forest situation, for example, from fallenlogs, stumps, and so forth, or from strong laboratory cultures.6.1.1 Remove short log sections to the labo
16、ratory and splitthem. Shake the insects out onto a tray or trays. Afterdistributing the debris and insects evenly on the tray(s), laydamp paper towels, sheets of kraft paper, and so forth, over thedebris. The termites will cling to the damp paper after a fewminutes.6.1.2 Prepare an 8 to 11-L (2 to 3
17、-gal) pail by placing aboutten unfolded, slightly crumpled, damp paper towels in thebottom of the pail. Rinse these towels in distilled water andsqueeze damp a number of times. Cover these towels withabout ten unfolded, dry paper towels.6.1.3 Shake the damp towels covering the tray debris intothe ab
18、ove described pail. After 2 to 4 h, remove the dry towelsand any insects and debris on them from the pail and discard.Use insects clinging to the lower, damp towels in the test.6.1.4 Do not hold termites in the pail longer than 24 h beforeusing. (WarningExercise reasonable care to ensure that anyter
19、mites discarded (for example, 6.1.3) are dead. Oven-dryingdebris and towels used at 100C for6hissufficient. When atest is finished, reasonable care should also be exercised thatliving insects are not discarded.)7. Weathering of Test Blocks7.1 If the test material is weathered prior to exposure to th
20、einsects, report the complete details on the weathering.7.2 The ASTM weathering procedure for the soil-block testis recommended (see Test Method D 1413).8. Conditioning of the Test Blocks8.1 Condition all test blocks, following weathering if used,to a constant weight within the equilibrium moisture
21、contentrange from 6 to 14 % moisture content to ensure that all solventis removed prior to exposure to insects.8.2 The ASTM soil-block conditioning procedure is recom-mended (see Test Method D 1413).9. Block Quantity and Identifications9.1 Prepare five replicate blocks for each variable under test,f
22、or example, for each retention of each preservative or chemi-cal to be tested.9.2 Use five untreated blocks as described in 9.1 as controlsfor each separate study.9.3 If SYP is not used as the species in 9.1 and 9.2, then addfive blocks of untreated SYP to each study to permit acomparison to studies
23、 using SYP as the major species.9.4 Identify all blocks with a number in a suitable manner.10. Assembling Containers10.1 Prior to using, wash all containers rinsed in the surfaceantiseptic solution, and dry.10.2 Place the test block in the bottom of the container withone edge of the block up against
24、 the side of the container.10.3 Add 200 g of sand to each container.10.4 Use suitable numbers on each container.10.5 Add sufficient distilled water to each container asdetermined in Section 4. After addition of the water, allow thecontainers to stand overnight.10.6 Assemble five containers with sand
25、, water, and ter-mites but without test blocks.11. Adding Termites11.1 Weigh out 1 6 0.05 g of subterranean termites (Section6) and add to each of the previously prepared containers. Selectthe termites so that about 90 % are workers.11.2 Replace the container tops loosely.12. Container Storage and I
26、nspections12.1 Select five test containers randomly and weigh indi-vidually. Maintain all containers at 25.5 to 27.7C (78 to 82F)for four weeks.12.2 At the end of the first and fourth weeks, examine thecontainers and record the presence of tunneling, termite mor-tality, and position of the termites
27、in the container as follows:12.2.1 After one week, containers assembled in accordancewith 10.6 should show virtually complete survival, therebyindicating that test procedures have been followed and vigor-ous termites used.12.2.2 Tunneling PresentYes or no. (Tunneling indicatesvigor of insects.)12.2.
28、3 Majority Termite Position(On or beneath surface.Position on surface suggests response of termites to an antago-nizing effect such as repellency of preservative.)12.2.4 Approximate Termite MortalitySlight (0 to 33 %),moderate (34 to 66 %), heavy (67 to 99 %), complete (100 %).12.2.5 Weekly reweigh
29、the five selected containers (12.1)and add distilled water to all containers if the moisture contentof the sand drops below two percentage points of the originalmoisture content (see Section 5).13. Container Disassembly13.1 After four weeks disassemble the containers and re-move and clean the blocks
30、. Prior to and during the disassembly,note the items in 12.2. Discard the used sand and termites(WarningSee 6.1.4.) and do not reuse for subsequent tests.14. Block Evaluation14.1 Examine and visually rate each block using the follow-ing rating system:10 Sound, surface nibbles permitted9 Light attack
31、7 Moderate attack, penetration4 Heavy0 Failure14.2 Blocks representative of these levels of attack areshown in Fig. 1.D334508215. References15.1 In general, details of the Test Method D 1413 orAWPA E10 should be used for treating procedure and anyother items in question not specifically mentioned in
32、 the abovedetailed termite test method.16. Keywords16.1 cellulosic materials; termites; woodASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio
33、n of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdra
34、wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c
35、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 1 Typical Ratings of Termite Attack on Test BlocksD3345083
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