1、Designation: D3359 091D3359 0912Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Adhesion by Tape Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEFootnote 5 and 5.2 were corrected editorially in June 2010.Footnote
3、 5 and 5.2 were corrected editorially in June 2010.2NOTEFootnote 5 and 5.2 were corrected editorially and moved into Note 4 in 5.3 in July 2010.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of coating films to metallic substrates by applying andremoving pressure-sensiti
4、ve tape over cuts made in the film.NOTE 1This test method has been reported being used to measure adhesion of organic coatings on soft substrates (for example, wood and plastic).Issues with plastic substrates are noted inAppendix X1.Asimilar test method, ISO 2409, permits tests on soft substrates (f
5、or example, wood and plaster).Precision and bias data on the later is lacking. Test Methods D3359 was developed with metal as the substrate and, in the absence of supporting precisionand bias data, is so limited.1.2 Test MethodAis primarily intended for use at job sites while Test Method B is more s
6、uitable for use in the laboratory.Also,Test Method B is not considered suitable for films thicker than 5 mils (125m).NOTE 2Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller, Test Method B can be used for thicker films if wider spaced cuts are employed.1.3 These test methods are used to estab
7、lish whether the adhesion of a coating to a substrate is at a generally adequate level.They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are required.NOTE 3It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the coating surface can
8、affect the results obtained with coatings having the sameinherent adhesion.1.4 This test method is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 2409.1.5 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrateis not deter
9、mined.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish a
10、ppropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related CoatingProductsD823 Practices
11、 for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic ApplicationsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD2092 Gui
12、de for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for PaintingD2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic CoatingsD3330/D3330M Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive TapeD3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Rel
13、ated Materials1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 20
14、09. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3359 08. DOI:10.1520/D3359-09E02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the st
15、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accur
16、ately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
17、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser222.2 Other Standard:ISO 2409 Paint and Varnishes Cross-cut test33. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Test Method AAn X-cut is made through the film to the
18、substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the cut and thenremoved, and adhesion is assessed qualitatively on the 0 to 5 scale.3.2 Test Method BA lattice pattern with either six or eleven cuts in each direction is made in the film to the substrate,pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the
19、lattice and then removed, and adhesion is evaluated by comparison with descriptionsand illustrations.4. Significance and Use4.1 If a coating is to fulfill its function of protecting or decorating a substrate, it must adhere to it for the expected service life.Because the substrate and its surface pr
20、eparation (or lack of it) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings, a method toevaluate adhesion of a coating to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different coatings to the same substrate andtreatment, is of considerable usefulness in the industry.4.2 The limitations of all
21、adhesion methods and the specific limitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion (see 1.3)should be recognized before using it. The intra- and inter-laboratory precision of this test method is similar to otherwidely-accepted tests for coated substrates (for example, Test Method D2370 and
22、 Test Method D4060), but this is partly the resultof it being insensitive to all but large differences in adhesion. The limited scale of 0 to 5 was selected deliberately to avoid a falseimpression of being sensitive.TEST METHOD AX-CUT TAPE TEST5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Cutting ToolSharp razor bl
23、ade, scalpel, knife or other cutting devices. It is of particular importance that the cutting edgesbe in good condition.5.2 Cutting GuideSteel or other hard metal straightedge to ensure straight cuts. Note4Tapes put on the market at this timehave a shelf life that runs out in July 2010. Subcommittee
24、 D01.23 is assessing alternative tapes and a new interlaboratory studyis planned to take place in 2010. Alternative tapes with specifications similar to that of Permacel P99 tape are available. Users ofalternative tapes should check whether the alternative tapes give comparable results to the Permac
25、el P99 tape.5.3 Tape25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semitransparent pressure-sensitive tape with an adhesion strength agreed upon by the supplierand the user is needed. Because of the variability in adhesion strength from batch-to-batch and with time, it is essential that tapefrom the same batch be used when t
26、ests are to be run in different laboratories. If this is not possible the test method should be usedonly for ranking a series of test coatings. 25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semitransparent pressure-sensitive tape with an adhesion strengthagreed upon by the supplier and the user is needed. Because of the var
27、iability in adhesion strength from batch-to-batch and withtime, it is essential that tape from the same batch be used when tests are to be run in different laboratories. If this is not possiblethe test method should be used only for ranking a series of test coatings.NOTE 4Permacel P99 tape, previous
28、ly identified as suitable for this purpose, was withdrawn from manufacture in July 2009. Current supplies ofPermacel 99 on the market at this time have a shelf life that runs out in July 2010. Subcommittee D01.23 is assessing alternative tapes and a newinterlaboratory study is planned to take place
29、in 2010. Alternative tapes with specifications similar to that of Permacel P99 tape are available. Usersofalternative tapes should check whether the alternative tapes give comparable results to the Permacel P99 tape. If more information is required about thetapes being evaluated in the D01.23 interl
30、aboratory study, please contact the Committee D01 staff manager.5.4 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.5.5 IlluminationA light source is helpful in determining whether the cuts have been made through the film to the substrate.6. Test Specimens6.1 When this test method is used in the field, the sp
31、ecimen is the coated structure or article on which the adhesion is to beevaluated.6.2 For laboratory use apply the materials to be tested to panels of the composition and surface conditions on which it is desiredto determine the adhesion.NOTE 5Applicable test panel description and surface preparatio
32、n methods are given in Practice D609 and Practices D1730 and D2092.NOTE 6Coatings should be applied in accordance with Practice D823, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 7If desired or specified, the coated test panels may be subjected to a preliminary exposure such as water
33、immersion, salt spray, or high humiditybefore conducting the tape test. The conditions and time of exposure will be governed by ultimate coating use or shall be agreed upon between thepurchaser and seller.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New Yo
34、rk, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.237. Procedure7.1 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surface imperfections. For tests in the field, ensure that the surface is clean anddry. Extremes in temperature or relative humidity may affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.7.1.1 For specimens wh
35、ich have been immersed:After immersion, clean and wipe the surface with an appropriate solvent whichwill not harm the integrity of the coating. Then dry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between the purchaser and theseller.7.2 Make two cuts in the film each about 40 mm (1.5 in.) long t
36、hat intersect near their middle with a smaller angle of between30 and 45. When making the incisions, use the straightedge and cut through the coating to the substrate in one steady motion.7.3 Inspect the incisions for reflection of light from the metal substrate to establish that the coating film ha
37、s been penetrated.If the substrate has not been reached make another X in a different location. Do not attempt to deepen a previous cut as this mayaffect adhesion along the incision.7.4 At each day of testing, before initiation of testing, remove two complete laps of the pressure-sensitive tape from
38、 the roll anddiscard. Remove an additional length at a steady (that is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.) long.7.5 Place the center of the tape at the intersection of the cuts with the tape running in the same direction as the smaller angles.Smooth the tape into place by finger in
39、 the area of the incisions and then rub firmly with the eraser on the end of a pencil. Thecolor under the transparent tape is a useful indication of when good contact has been made.7.6 Within 90 6 30 s of application, remove the tape by seizing the free end and pulling it off rapidly (not jerked) ba
40、ck uponitself at as close to an angle of 180 as possible.7.7 Inspect the X-cut area for removal of coating from the substrate or previous coating and rate the adhesion in accordancewith the following scale:5A No peeling or removal,4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersection,
41、3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm (116 in.) on either side,2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2 mm (18 in.) on eitherside,1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the tape, and0A Removal beyond the area of the X.7.8 Repeat the test in two other locations on each te
42、st panel. For large structures make sufficient tests to ensure that the adhesionevaluation is representative of the whole surface.7.9 After making several cuts examine the cutting edge and, if necessary, remove any flat spots or wire-edge by abrading lightlyon a fine oil stone before using again. Di
43、scard cutting tools that develop nicks or other defects that tear the film.8. Report8.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, and for coating systems, where the failure occurred that is, between firstcoat and substrate, between first and second coat, etc.8.2 For field tests report the st
44、ructure or article tested, the location and the environmental conditions at the time of testing.8.3 For test panels report the substrate employed, the type of coating, the method of cure, and the environmental conditions atthe time of testing.8.4 If the adhesion strength of the tape has been determi
45、ned in accordance with Test Methods D1000 or D3330/D3330M, reportthe results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesion strength of the tape has not been determined, report the specific tape usedand its manufacturer.8.5 If the test is performed after immersion, report immersion conditions and meth
46、od of sample preparation.9. Precision and Bias49.1 In an interlaboratory study of this test method in which operators in six laboratories made one adhesion measurement onthree panels each of three coatings covering a wide range of adhesion, the within-laboratories standard deviation was found to be0
47、.33 and the between-laboratories 0.44. Based on these standard deviations, the following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level:9.1.1 RepeatabilityProvided adhesion is uniform over a large surface, results obtained by the same operator should bec
48、onsidered suspect if they differ by more than 1 rating unit for two measurements.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of triplicates, obtained by different operators should be considered suspectif they differ by more than 1.5 rating units.9.2 Bias cannot be established for these test meth
49、ods.4Permacel P99 tape, previously identifed as suitable for this purpose, was withdrawn from manufacture in July 2009.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1008.24TEST METHOD BCROSS-CUT TAPE TEST10. Apparatus and Materials10.1 Cutting Tool5Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or other cutting device having a cutting edge angle between 15 and 30that will make either a single cut or several cuts at once. It is of particular importance that the cutting edge or ed
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