1、Designation: D 3389 05Standard Test Method forCoated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary PlatformAbrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination
3、 of the wearresistance of fabrics coated with rubber or plastics to abrasion.The abrasion is measured by mass loss.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe
4、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning
5、Plastics for TestingD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Abrasion resistance of fabrics coated with rubber orplastics is measured by subjecting the specimen to the rotary-rubbing action of
6、 two abrasive wheels under controlled condi-tions of pressure by the use of the rotary platform abrader. Thisaction is maintained by the use of abrasive wheels.4. Significance and Use4.1 Abrasion resistance tests are intended to measure thewear resistance properties of a material. This may be correl
7、atedto expected end use performance.5. Apparatus5.1 Abrasion Apparatus, comprised of a removable flatcircular specimen holder, a pair of pivoted arms to which theabrasive wheels are attached, a motor for rotating the specimenholder, a vacuum unit and nozzle for removal of abradedparticles during tes
8、t, and a counter for indicating the revolu-tions of the specimen holder. The specimen holder shall bemounted to produce a circular surface travel of an essentiallyflat specimen in the plane of its surface at a uniform angularvelocity. The abrasive wheels, which are attached to the freeend of the piv
9、oted arms, shall rotate and have, when resting onthe specimen, a peripheral engagement with the surface of thespecimen, the direction of travel of the periphery of the wheelsand of the specimen at the contacting portions being at acuteangles, and the angle of travel of one wheel periphery beingoppos
10、ite to that of the other. Motion of the abrasive wheels, inopposite directions, shall be provided by rotation of thespecimen and the associated friction there from.5.1.1 The specimen holder shall be supported by an adapterthat is motor-driven and that provides motion for the circulartravel of the sp
11、ecimen holder.5.1.2 A clamping ring shall be used to secure the specimento the specimen holder.5.1.3 The abrasive wheels shall be mounted on indepen-dently pivoted arms, which provide free-floating action tocompensate for any minor unevenness in the specimen and toensure uniform pressure of the abra
12、sion wheels against thespecimen at all times.5.1.4 The apparatus shall be provided with a vertical-forceadjustment (weights) for varying the vertical force of theabrader wheels on the specimen. The pivoted abrader armswithout auxiliary masses or counterweights apply a verticalforce against the speci
13、men of 2.45 N (250 gf) per wheel.Auxiliary masses may be used to apply a vertical force againstthe specimen of 4.9 N (500 gf) per wheel or 9.8 N (1000 gf) perwheel.5.1.5 Wheel BearingsThe abrader wheel bearings, that is,the two pairs of bearings installed in the free end of thepivoting arms to suppo
14、rt the abrader wheels, should not stickwhen caused to spin rapidly by a quick driving motion of the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.37 on Coated Fabrics andRubber Thread.Current edition approved May 1, 200
15、5. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3389 94 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st
16、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.forefinger. The degree of freedom of rotation of these bearings,however, is not critical.5.1.6 Platform PositionThe vertical distance fr
17、om thecenter of the pivot point of the abrader arms to the top of thespecimen holder shall be approximately 25 mm (1.0 in.). Thismeasurement is specified to prevent possibility of errorsincurred by installing a thrust bearing or the like to support thespecimen platform. Adaptations shall be made suc
18、h that theplatform will remain at the above-specified level. The speci-men platform shall rotate in the plane of its surface. If it failsto do so and exhibits a tendency to wobble, the holder andadapter shall be replaced or a thrust bearing installed to supportthe specimen holder.5.1.7 Platform Spee
19、dThe speed of rotation of the plat-form shall be 7.5 6 0.21 rad/s (72 6 2 rpm) for 110 V/60 Hzor 6.9 6 0.21 rad/s (60 6 2 rpm) for 230 V/50 Hz operation.5.2 Auxiliary ApparatusRefacing discs are required forthe resurfacing of rubber-based wheels. An abrasion wheelresurfacing device is recommended fo
20、r resurfacing vitrifiedwheels, and correcting out-of-round wheel conditions.5.3 Balance, suitable for weighing to the nearest 1 mg.5.4 Abrasive WheelsA wheel that is 13 mm (0.5 in.) thickand approximately 50 mm (2 in.), but no less than 44.4 mm(1.75 in.) in diameter, which is manufactured in differe
21、ntgrades of abrasive quality.6. Test Specimens6.1 Unless otherwise specified, make five tests on eachsample of coated fabrics.6.2 Cut circular test specimens approximately 110 mm (412in.) in diameter. Cut a 6-mm (14-in.) hole in the center of thespecimen. Take care in cutting out specimens. Use the
22、bestportion of the sample to be tested. It should be free of holes,blisters, or other imperfections.7. Procedure7.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with PracticeD 618, paragraph 3.1.2. For thin flexible materials, adhere thespecimen to a suitable substrate; use of cardboard has beenfound to be
23、 satisfactory.NOTE 1When adhesives are used to adhere the specimen, ensure thatit does not have any adverse effect on the specimen. If a solvent-basedsystem is used, allow the assembly to condition a minimum of 12 h oruntil the assembly maintains constant mass.7.2 Install the wheels on their respect
24、ive flanged holders asindicated by the manufacturer. Selection of abrasive wheels tobe made by the customer and supplier. If no wheel is specified,the H-18 or equivalent is recommended.7.3 Determine the original mass of the specimen or theassembly, or both. Place the test specimen with its coated si
25、deup over the rubber mat on the specimen holder. Secure thewasher and knurled nut in place to hold the center of thespecimen. Place the ring clamp over the specimen and tightenthe screw of the ring clamp. Install auxiliary mass or counter-weights as agreed upon by the customer and supplier. If no lo
26、adis specified, 1000 gf is recommended. Place mounted wheelsagainst specimen.7.4 Adjust the vacuum suction and nozzle height as agreedupon between the customer and supplier. If none is provided,use a vacuum nozzle height of 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) above thespecimen surface, with a vacuum level of 100.7.5
27、The tester is equipped with a counter that operates inconjunction with the turntable. Set the counter at zero.7.6 Start the abrader and run to the end point or the requirednumber of cycles as specified by the customer and supplier.The end point shall be determined by the exposure of the firstyarn us
28、ing a lighted magnifying glass. The specimen shall bechecked periodically for yarn exposure. The quality and thethickness of the coating may influence the required verticalforce needed to measure the wear resistance of the coating(unless previously specified). After establishing the requiredvertical
29、 force, test no less than five specimens for each sample.Do not abrade through the base fabric. This test method is fordetermining the wear resistance properties of the coating only.7.7 Periodically, stop the test to remove any abrasiveparticles left on the specimen surface. A frequency of 300cycles
30、 is recommended. The vacuum, cleaner, and compressedair may be used for this purpose. Wipe the rubber mat cleanafter each test.7.8 At the conclusion of the test, weigh the specimen andreport the mass loss as milligrams loss per revolution.8. Calculation8.1 Record the number of cycles taken from the
31、counter.8.2 If mass loss is also desired, follow the calculationprocedure in Section 10, using the number of cycles noted from8.1.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Test conditions,9.1.2 Number of specimens tested,9.1.3 Type of wheels,9.1.4 Total revolutions and vertical force used,
32、 and9.1.5 Mass loss per revolutions, mg.9.1.6 Report when yarn exposure occurred on specifiednumber of cycles test, if applicable.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the loss in mass as follows:Mass loss per revolution, g = original mass (before test) finalmass (after test)/number of revolutionsExample:12
33、.3596 Original Mass, g12.2829 Final Mass, g0.0767 Mass Loss, g for 500 revolutionsg 50.0767 3 1000 mg/g5005 0.153 mg per revolution11. Precision and Bias311.1 This precision and bias section has been prepared inaccordance with Practice D 4483. Refer to Practice D 4483 forterminology and other statis
34、tical calculation details.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D11-1044.D338905211.2 A Type 1 (interlaboratory) precision was evaluated in1985. Both repeatability and reproducibility are short term; aperiod of a few
35、days separates replicate test results.Atest resultis the value, as specified by this test method, obtained on fivedeterminations or measurements of the property of parameterin question.11.3 Three different materials were used in the interlabora-tory program. These materials were tested in four labor
36、atorieson two different days.11.4 The results of the precision calculations for repeatabil-ity and reproducibility are given in Table 1, in ascending orderof material average or level, for each of the materials evalu-ated.11.5 Repeatability, r, varies over the range of material levelsas evaluated. R
37、eproducibility varies over the range of materiallevels evaluated.11.6 The precision of this test method may be expressed inthe format of the following statements, which use what iscalled an “appropriate value” of r, R, (r), or (R), that is, thatvalue to be used in decisions about test results (obtai
38、ned withthe test method). The appropriate value is that value of r or Rassociated with a mean level in Table 1 closest to the meanlevel under consideration at any given time, for any givenmaterial in routine testing operations.11.7 RepeatabilityThe repeatability, r, of this test methodhas been estab
39、lished as the appropriate value tabulated in Table1. Two single test results, obtained under normal test methodprocedures, that differ by more than this tabulated r (for anygiven level) must be considered as derived from different ornonidentical sample populations.11.8 ReproducibilityThe reproducibi
40、lity, R, of this testmethod has been established as the appropriate value tabulatedin Table 1. Two single test results obtained in two differentlaboratories, under normal test method procedures, that differby more than the tabulated R (for any given level) must beconsidered to have come from differe
41、nt or nonidentical samplepopulations.11.9 Repeatability and reproducibility expressed as a per-centage of the mean level, (r) and (R), have equivalentapplication statements as above for r and R. For the (r) and (R)statements, the difference in the two single test results isexpressed as a percentage
42、of the arithmetic mean of the two testresults.11.10 BiasIn test method terminology, bias is the differ-ence between an average test value and the reference (or true)test property value. Reference values do not exist for this testmethod, since the value (of the test property) is exclusivelydefined by
43、 the test method. Bias, therefore cannot be deter-mined.12. Keywords12.1 abrasion; coated fabrics; mass loss; plastics; rubberASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e
44、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev
45、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m
46、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United St
47、ates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Type 1 PrecisionMaterial AverageWithin Laborato
48、ries Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material A 0.62 0.0784 0.2219 36.047 0.2636 0.7461 121.204Material B 0.21 0.0248 0.0701 34.013 0.1413 0.3999 193.940Material C 0.78 0.0548 0.1552 19.852 0.2554 0.7228 92.451Pooled ValuesA0.53 0.0571 0.1615 30.213 0.2271 0.6427 120.228NOTE:Sr = repeatability
49、standard deviation.r = repeatability = 2.83 of the square root of the repeatability variance.(r) = repeatability (as percentage of material average).SR = reproducibility standard deviation.R = reproducibility = 2.83 of the square root of the reproducibility variance.(R) = reproducibility (as percentage of material average).ANo values omitted.D3389053
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