1、Designation: D3389 10D3389 15Standard Test Method forCoated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary PlatformAbrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers
3、the determination of the wear resistance of fabrics coated with rubber or plastics to abrasion. Theabrasion is measured by mass loss or number of cycles required to wear through the coating to initially expose the base fabric.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The
4、values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
5、 regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Det
6、ermine the Precision of a Test MethodG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrader, na wear testing instrument, also referred to as a rotary platform tester or abraser.3.1.2 abrasion cycle, nin abras
7、ion testing, one or more movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the materialsurface across the abradant, that permits a return to its starting position.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the case of the rotary platform test method, it consists of one complete rotation of the specimen.3.1.3 resurf
8、ace, vthe preparation of an abrasive wheel on a resurfacing disc or diamond tool wheel refacer, prior to use orduring testing.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1566.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Abrasion resistance of fabrics coated with rubber or plas
9、tics is measured by subjecting the specimen to the rotary-rubbingaction of two abrasive wheels under controlled conditions of pressure by the use of the rotary platform abrader. The test specimen,mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a vertical axis against the sliding rotation of two abrading w
10、heels. One abrading wheelrubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting abrasion marks form a1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Test
11、s.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010July 1, 2015. Published January 2011September 2015. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20052010as D3389 05.D3389 10. DOI: 10.1520/D3389-10.10.1520/D3389-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or conta
12、ctASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
13、 made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
14、*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1circular pattern of crossed arcs over an area of approximately 30 cm2. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by average mas
15、s loss,wear index (average mass loss per revolution) or cycles required to wear through the coating to expose the yarn in the base fabric.5. Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistance tests are intended to measure the wear resistance properties of a material. This may be correlated toexpected end u
16、se performance.5.2 The resistance of coated fabrics to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one ofseveral factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While abrasionresistance (often stated in term
17、s of the number of abrasion cycles) and durability are frequently related, the relationship varies withdifferent end uses and different factors may be necessary in any calculation of predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Thistest method provides a comparative ranking of material performa
18、nce, which can be used as an indication of relative end-useperformance.5.3 The resistance of coated fabrics to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions, type of abradant, pressurebetween the specimen and abradant, mounting or tension of the specimen, and type, kind, or amount of
19、 finishing materials.5.4 The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influencedby the judgment of the operator.6. Apparatus6.1 Abrasion Apparatus,3 as described in Guide G195 and, comprised of a removable flat circular specimen holde
20、r, holderturntable, a pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheels are attached, a motor for rotating the specimen holder, a vacuumunit and nozzle for removal of abraded particles during test, and a counter for indicating the revolutions of the specimen holder.See Fig. 1.6.1.1 The specimen hold
21、er turntable shall be mounted to produce a circular surface travel of an essentially flat specimen in theplane of its surface at a uniform angular velocity. The speed of rotation of the turntable shall be 7.5 6 0.21 rad/s (72 6 2 rpm)for 110 V/60 Hz or 6.9 6 0.21 rad/s (60 6 2 rpm) for 230 V/50 Hz o
22、peration.6.1.2 A clamping ring ring, washer and knurled nut shall be used to secure the specimen to the specimen holder.6.1.3 The abrasive wheels, which are attached to the free end of independently pivoted arms, shall rotate and have, when restingon the specimen, a peripheral engagement with the su
23、rface of the specimen, the direction of travel of the periphery of the wheelsand of the specimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, and the angle of travel of one wheel periphery being oppositeto that of the other. Motion of the abrasive wheels, in opposite directions, shall be provid
24、ed by rotation of the specimen and theassociated friction therefrom.6.1.4 The apparatus shall be provided with a vertical-force adjustment (auxiliary masses) for varying the vertical force of theabrader wheels on the specimen. The pivoted abrader arms without auxiliary masses or counterweights shall
25、 apply a vertical forceagainst the specimen of 2.45 N (250 gf) per wheel. Auxiliary masses may be used to apply a vertical force against the specimenof 4.9 N (500 gf) per wheel or 9.8 N (1000 gf) per wheel. Vertical force references are per arm (not combined), and include themass of the pivoted arm.
26、arm but not the mass of the abrading wheel.3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Y
27、our comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform AbraderD3389 1525.1.5 Platform SpeedThe speed of rotation of the platform shall be 7.5 6 0.21 rad/s (72 6 2 rpm) for 110 V/60 Hz or 6.96 0.21 rad/s (60 6 2
28、 rpm) for 230 V/50 Hz operation.6.2 Abrasive Wheels3A wheel that is 13 mm (0.5 in.) thick and approximately 50 mm (2 in.), but no less than 44.4 mm (1.75in.) in diameter, which is manufactured in different grades of abrasive quality. The abrasive wheels are either resilient or vitrifiedbased, with b
29、oth types of wheels consisting of hard particles embedded in a binder material.6.3 Auxiliary ApparatusRefacing discs such as type S-113 or equivalent are required for the resurfacing of resilient-typewheels. An abrasion wheel resurfacing device A diamond tool wheel refacer is recommended for resurfa
30、cing vitrified wheels, andcorrecting out-of-round wheel conditions.6.4 Balance, suitable for weighing to the nearest 1 mg.7. Test Specimens7.1 Unless otherwise specified, make five tests on each sample of coated fabrics.7.2 Cut circular test specimens approximately 110 mm (412 in.) in diameter. Punc
31、h or drill a 6-mm (14-in.) hole in the centerof the specimen. Take care in cutting out specimens. Use the best portion of the sample to be tested. It should be free of holes,blisters, or other imperfections.7.3 For thin flexible materials, adhere the specimen to a suitable substrate; use of a cardbo
32、ard mounting card such as S-36-13has been found to be satisfactory.NOTE 1When adhesives are used to adhere the specimen, ensure that it does not have any adverse effect on the specimen. If a solvent-based systemis used, allow the assembly to condition a minimum of 12 h or until the assembly maintain
33、s constant mass.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with Practice D618.9. Procedure9.1 Install the wheels on their respective flanged holders as indicated by the manufacturer. holders. Selection of abrasive wheelsto be made by the customer and supplier. interested parties. If no
34、 wheel is specified, the H-18 vitrified wheel or equivalent isrecommended.FIG. 2 Wear End PointD3389 153NOTE 2Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abrader may be subject to variation due to the changes in the abradant during the course of thetest. Depending on abradant type and test specimen
35、, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the pick-up of worn materialsfrom test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abrading wheels should be resurfaced according to the manufacturers recommendations.9.2 Determine When calculating mass loss, determine the origina
36、l mass of the specimen or the assembly to the nearest 1 mg.9.3 Place the test specimen, with its coated side up, over the rubber mat on the specimen holder. Secure the washer and knurlednut in place to hold the center of the specimen. Place the clamping ring over the specimen and tighten the screw o
37、f the clampingring.9.4 Install auxiliary mass as agreed upon by the customer and supplier. interested parties. If no load is specified, 1000 gf 9.8N (1000 gf) per wheel is recommended. The quality and the thickness of the coating may influence the required vertical forceneeded to measure the wear re
38、sistance of the coating.9.5 Adjust the vacuum suction and nozzle height as agreed upon between the customer and supplier. interested parties. If noneis provided, use a vacuum nozzle height of 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) above the specimen surface, with a vacuum level of 70.9.6 PlaceLower mounted wheels agains
39、t specimen.onto the specimen surface.9.7 The tester is equipped with a counter that operates in conjunction with the specimen holder turntable. Set the counter at zero.9.8 Start the abrader and run to the end point, or the required number of cycles as specified by the customer and supplier.intereste
40、d parties. Do not abrade through the base fabric. This test method is for determining the wear resistance properties of thecoating only.9.8.1 Periodically stop the test to remove any abrasive particles left on the specimen surface. A frequency of 300 cycles isrecommended. A soft-bristle brush or com
41、pressed air may be used for this purpose.9.8.2 To test to the end point, it shall be defined as that point when the first yarn is exposed (see Fig. 2). To determine end point,the test must be stopped periodically so the specimen can be inspected. The frequency of these inspections should be determin
42、edby the customer and supplier. interested parties. For those materials with a known number of expected abrasion cycles, inspect thespecimen after completing 80 % of the expected abrasion cycles every 50, 25 or 10 revolutions as needed until the end point isreached.TABLE 1 Mass Loss (grams)Sample Av
43、erageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx Sr SR r RMaterial A 0.2285 0.0317 0.0515 0.0888 0.1443Material B 0.0718 0.0130 0.0214 0.0365 0.0600Material C 0.0743 0.0139 0.0230 0.0389 0.0645Material D 0.0503 0.0243 0.0270 0.0680 0.0755A T
44、he average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 2 Loss Per Revolution (grams)Sample AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx Sr SR r RMaterial A 0.2113 0.0390 0.0573 0.1091 0.1604Material B 0.4414 0.1144 0.1471 0.3202 0.41
45、20Material C 0.6171 0.1377 0.1764 0.3857 0.4940Material D 0.6827 0.4099 0.4403 1.1477 1.2328A The average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 3 Cycles to FailureSample AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx Sr SR r RMat
46、erial A 1124.2 184.2 294.4 515.9 824.3Material B 170.8 39.0 55.2 109.3 154.7Material C 131.5 51.3 68.8 143.5 192.5Material D 83.9 25.4 33.0 71.2 92.5A The average of the laboratories calculated averages.D3389 154NOTE 3End point is defined as a visible spot where the coating has worn away and the bas
47、e fabric is exposed. Because of the difficulty in stoppingthe test at the exact moment when this occurs, the size of the exposed base fabric may vary. The typical size ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 mm2. Once this endpoint is reached, the test is terminated.9.8.3 Use of a lighted magnifying glass is suggest
48、ed for determining first yarn exposure.9.9 Test no less than five specimens for each sample, unless otherwise agreed upon in 6.17.1.9.10 At the conclusion of each test, remove any debris left on the specimen surface using a soft-bristle brush or compressedair.9.11 Record the number of cycles and and
49、, when required, determine the mass of the specimen or the assembly, to the nearest1 mg.9.12 Using a clean cloth wipe the specimen holder rubber mat after each test.10. Calculation10.1 Mass LossChange in mass caused by abrasion. Weigh the specimen after abrasion and compute mass loss, L, of the testspecimen as follows:L 5A 2B (1)where:A = original mass of test specimen before abrasion, gB = final mass of test specimen after abrasion, g10.2 Use the following formula to determine mass wear index, I,loss (mass loss per revolution in mg) for each specimen:Mas
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