1、Designation: D3389 16Standard Test Method forCoated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary PlatformAbrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determinat
3、ion of the wearresistance of fabrics coated with rubber or plastics to abrasion.The abrasion is measured by mass loss or number of cyclesrequired to wear through the coating to initially expose the basefabric.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in pa
4、rentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limita
5、tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for Test-ingD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Pr
6、ecision of a Test MethodG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a RotaryPlatform Abraser3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrader, na wear testing instrument, also referred toas a rotary platform tester or abraser.3.1.2 abrasion cycle, nin abrasion testing, on
7、e or moremovements of the abradant across a material surface, or thematerial surface across the abradant, that permits a return to itsstarting position.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the case of the rotary platform testmethod, it consists of one complete rotation of the specimen.3.1.3 resurface, vthe preparat
8、ion of an abrasive wheel ona resurfacing disc or diamond tool wheel refacer, prior to use orduring testing.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D1566.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Abrasion resistance of fabrics coated with rubber orplastics is measured by s
9、ubjecting the specimen to the rotary-rubbing action of two abrasive wheels under controlled condi-tions of pressure by the use of the rotary platform abrader. Thetest specimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on avertical axis against the sliding rotation of two abradingwheels. One abrading w
10、heel rubs the specimen outward towardthe periphery and the other, inward toward the center. Theresulting abrasion marks form a circular pattern of crossed arcsover an area of approximately 30 cm2. Resistance to abrasionis evaluated by average mass loss, wear index (average massloss per revolution) o
11、r cycles required to wear through thecoating to expose the yarn in the base fabric.5. Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistance tests are intended to measure thewear resistance properties of a material. This may be correlatedto expected end use performance.5.2 The resistance of coated fabrics to a
12、brasion, as measuredon a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one ofseveral factors contributing to wear performance or durabilityas experienced in the actual use of the material. While abrasionresistance (often stated in terms of the number of abrasioncycles) and durability are freq
13、uently related, the relationshipvaries with different end uses and different factors may benecessary in any calculation of predicted durability fromspecific abrasion data. This test method provides a comparative1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand Rubber-lik
14、e Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved April 15, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3389 15. DOI:10.1520/D3389-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST
15、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
16、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ranking of material performance, which can be used as anindication of relative end-use performance.5.3 The resistance of coated fabrics to abrasion may beaffected by factors including test conditions, type of abradant,pressure
17、between the specimen and abradant, mounting ortension of the specimen, and type, kind, or amount of finishingmaterials.5.4 The measurement of the relative amount of abrasionmay also be affected by the method of evaluation and may beinfluenced by the judgment of the operator.6. Apparatus6.1 Abrasion
18、Apparatus,3as described in Guide G195 and,comprised of a removable flat circular specimen holderturntable, a pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheelsare attached, a motor for rotating the specimen holder, avacuum unit and nozzle for removal of abraded particles duringtest, and a counter for
19、 indicating the revolutions of thespecimen holder. See Fig. 1.6.1.1 The specimen holder turntable shall be mounted toproduce a circular surface travel of an essentially flat specimenin the plane of its surface at a uniform angular velocity. Thespeed of rotation of the turntable shall be 7.5 6 0.21 r
20、ad/s (726 2 rpm) for 110 V/60 Hz or 6.9 6 0.21 rad/s (60 6 2 rpm)for 230 V/50 Hz operation.6.1.2 A clamping ring, washer and knurled nut shall be usedto secure the specimen to the specimen holder.6.1.3 The abrasive wheels, which are attached to the freeend of independently pivoted arms, shall rotate
21、 and have, whenresting on the specimen, a peripheral engagement with thesurface of the specimen, the direction of travel of the peripheryof the wheels and of the specimen at the contacting portionsbeing at acute angles, and the angle of travel of one wheelperiphery being opposite to that of the othe
22、r. Motion of theabrasive wheels, in opposite directions, shall be provided byrotation of the specimen and the associated friction therefrom.6.1.4 The apparatus shall be provided with a vertical-forceadjustment (auxiliary masses) for varying the vertical force ofthe abrader wheels on the specimen. Th
23、e pivoted abrader armswithout auxiliary masses or counterweights shall apply avertical force against the specimen of 2.45 N (250 gf) perwheel. Auxiliary masses may be used to apply a vertical forceagainst the specimen of 4.9 N (500 gf) per wheel or 9.8 N(1000 gf) per wheel. Vertical force references
24、 are per arm (notcombined), and include the mass of the pivoted arm but not themass of the abrading wheel.6.2 Abrasive Wheels3A wheel that is 13 mm (0.5 in.)thick and approximately 50 mm (2 in.), but no less than 44.4mm (1.75 in.) in diameter, which is manufactured in differentgrades of abrasive qua
25、lity. The abrasive wheels are eitherresilient or vitrified based, with both types of wheels consistingof hard particles embedded in a binder material.6.3 Auxiliary ApparatusRefacing discs such as type S-113or equivalent are required for the resurfacing of resilient-typewheels. A diamond tool wheel r
26、efacer is recommended forresurfacing vitrified wheels, and correcting out-of-round wheelconditions.6.4 Balance, suitable for weighing to the nearest 1 mg.7. Test Specimens7.1 Unless otherwise specified, make five tests on eachsample of coated fabrics.7.2 Cut circular test specimens approximately 110
27、 mm (412in.) in diameter. Punch or drill a 6-mm (14-in.) hole in thecenter of the specimen. Take care in cutting out specimens. Usethe best portion of the sample to be tested. It should be free ofholes, blisters, or other imperfections.7.3 For thin flexible materials, adhere the specimen to asuitabl
28、e substrate; use of a cardboard mounting card such asS-36-13has been found to be satisfactory.NOTE 1When adhesives are used to adhere the specimen, ensure thatit does not have any adverse effect on the specimen. If a solvent-basedsystem is used, allow the assembly to condition a minimum of 12 h orun
29、til the assembly maintains constant mass.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with PracticeD1349.9. Procedure9.1 Install the wheels on their respective flanged holders.Selection of abrasive wheels to be made by the interestedparties. If no wheel is specified, the H-18 vitrified w
30、heel orequivalent is recommended.NOTE 2Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abrader may besubject to variation due to the changes in the abradant during the courseof the test. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abradingwheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to
31、the pick-up ofworn materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abradingwheels should be resurfaced according to the manufacturers recommen-dations.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda,
32、NY 14120. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform AbraderD3389 1629.2 When calculati
33、ng mass loss, determine the original massof the specimen or the assembly to the nearest 1 mg.9.3 Place the test specimen, with its coated side up, over therubber mat on the specimen holder. Secure the washer andknurled nut in place to hold the center of the specimen. Placethe clamping ring over the
34、specimen and tighten the screw ofthe clamping ring.9.4 Install auxiliary mass as agreed upon by the interestedparties. If no load is specified, 9.8 N (1000 gf) per wheel isrecommended. The quality and the thickness of the coatingmay influence the required vertical force needed to measure thewear res
35、istance of the coating.9.5 Adjust the vacuum suction and nozzle height as agreedupon between the interested parties. If none is provided, use avacuum nozzle height of 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) above the specimensurface, with a vacuum level of 70.9.6 Lower mounted wheels onto the specimen surface.9.7 The tes
36、ter is equipped with a counter that operates inconjunction with the specimen holder turntable. Set the counterat zero.9.8 Start the abrader and run to the end point, or the requirednumber of cycles as specified by the interested parties. Do notabrade through the base fabric. This test method is ford
37、etermining the wear resistance properties of the coating only.9.8.1 Periodically stop the test to remove any abrasiveparticles left on the specimen surface. A frequency of 300cycles is recommended. A soft-bristle brush or compressed airmay be used for this purpose.9.8.2 To test to the end point, it
38、shall be defined as that pointwhen the first yarn is exposed (see Fig. 2). To determine endpoint, the test must be stopped periodically so the specimen canbe inspected. The frequency of these inspections should bedetermined by the interested parties. For those materials with aknown number of expecte
39、d abrasion cycles, inspect the speci-men after completing 80 % of the expected abrasion cyclesevery 50, 25 or 10 revolutions as needed until the end point isreached.NOTE 3End point is defined as a visible spot where the coating hasworn away and the base fabric is exposed. Because of the difficulty i
40、nstopping the test at the exact moment when this occurs, the size of theexposed base fabric may vary. The typical size ranges from 0.5 to 1.0mm2. Once this end point is reached, the test is terminated.9.8.3 Use of a lighted magnifying glass is suggested fordetermining first yarn exposure.9.9 Test no
41、 less than five specimens for each sample, unlessotherwise agreed upon in 7.1.9.10 At the conclusion of each test, remove any debris lefton the specimen surface using a soft-bristle brush or com-pressed air.9.11 Record the number of cycles and, when required,determine the mass of the specimen or the
42、 assembly, to thenearest 1 mg.9.12 Using a clean cloth wipe the specimen holder rubbermat after each test.10. Calculation10.1 Mass LossChange in mass caused by abrasion.Weigh the specimen after abrasion and compute mass loss, L,of the test specimen as follows:L 5 A 2 B (1)where:A = original mass of
43、test specimen before abrasion, gB = final mass of test specimen after abrasion, g10.2 Use the following formula to determine wear index, I,(mass loss per revolution in mg) for each specimen:I 5A 2 B! 31000C(2)where:A = original mass of test specimen before abrasion, gB = final mass of test specimen
44、after abrasion, gC = number of abrasion cycles recordedExample:12.3596 Original Mass, g12.2829 Final Mass, g0.0767 Mass Loss, g for 500 revolutionsI 50.0767!310005005 0.15310.3 Average the test results.FIG. 2 Wear End PointD3389 16311. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Test conditio
45、ns,11.1.2 Number of specimens tested,11.1.3 Type of wheels,11.1.4 Vertical force used,11.1.5 Mass loss, g, or wear index (mass loss perrevolutions, mg), or both, if required, and11.1.6 Total revolutions or cycles until first yarn exposureoccurred.12. Precision and Bias412.1 The precision of this tes
46、t method is based on aninterlaboratory study conducted in 2009. Nine laboratoriesparticipated in this study. Each of the labs was asked to reportseven replicate test results for three different analyses, on atotal of four materials. Every “test result” reported represents asingle determination or me
47、asurement. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the design and analysis of the data.12.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r” is theinterval representing the critical difference
48、 between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.12.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1-3.12.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more tha
49、n the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.12.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 1-3.12.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.12.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with the statements in12.1.1 and 12.1.2 would have an approximate 95 % probabilityof being correct.12.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no
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