1、Designation: D3438 15Standard Practice forSampling and Handling Naphthalene, Maleic Anhydride, andPhthalic Anhydride1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and han-dling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride
3、 invarious solid forms, and as liquids at elevated temperatures ina safe manner that represents and preserves quality.1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products shouldconsult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific firstaid instructions and information on the proper equipment toh
4、ave available for use in the event of personal contact orexposure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
5、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 and an appropriateSDS.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
6、s:2E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 Other Documents:OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and1910.120033. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful inestablishing sampling procedures. It is expected that thisinformation will only be utili
7、zed in conjunction with anexisting health and safety program and consultation with theappropriate SDS. The information provided herein cannot beused as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, butrather as a supplement to such advice.4. Description of Products (See Table 1)4.1 Phthalic anh
8、ydride is classified as hazardous by theDepartment of Transportation as a corrosive material and istherefore subject to DOT regulations governing the transpor-tation of hazardous materials. Maleic anhydride and naphtha-lene are classified as hazardous by the Department of Trans-portation and are sub
9、ject to DOT regulations. Maleic anhydridehas the classification corrosive material, and naphthalene hasthe classification flammable solid.4.1.1 These products are normally transported in severaltypes of containers, including cartons, barrels, bags, cans,metal and fiber drums, tank trucks, tank cars,
10、 and barges.5. Hazards5.1 HealthConsult current OSHA regulations and suppli-ers Safety Data Sheet, and local regulations for all materialsused in this practice.5.1.1 Aside from the risk of burns in sampling theseproducts when molten, and a possibility of dermatitis fromimpurities, particularly in cr
11、ude grades, industrial use does notpresent a significant health hazard. However, ordinary sam-pling precautions must be observed to protect personnel fromcontact with molten material or excessive exposure to dusts orhigh concentrations of vapor.5.1.2 Precautions must be observed to protect personnel
12、from excessive inhalation of vapors and dust.NOTE 1For permissible exposure limits see OSHA Regulations,paragraph 1910.1000.5.2 Fire:5.2.1 These products in both the solid and liquid forms arecombustible, and introduce a potential fire hazard where theyare stored, handled, or used.1This practice is
13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on AromaticHydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1975. Last p
14、revious edition approved in 2010 as D3438 10. DOI: 10.1520/D3438-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
15、ebsite.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www/ecfr/gov.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2.2 Naphthalene, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydridevapors or dust can form explosive mixtures with air.5.2.3 When molten naphthalene, at temperatures above110C, comes into contact with water, foaming or possibleexplosion may result.5.2.4 Dry chemical
17、s, carbon dioxide, and foam can all beused in fighting fires involving these materials.5.2.5 Maleic anhydride decomposes violently in the pres-ence of amines or alkali metals, especially at elevated tempera-tures.6. Protective Equipment6.1 Persons working with molten naphthalene, maleicanhydride, an
18、d phthalic anhydrides should be well trained andshould maintain safe working conditions. They should read theappropriate SDS in its entirety and consult appropriate localsafety personnel if they have any questions or concerns.7. Safety Precautions7.1 Sampling operations of molten liquids should be p
19、er-formed only by carefully instructed personnel.7.2 Exercise care to prevent spills and leaks. If they dooccur, only properly protected personnel should remain in thecontaminated area per instructions in the appropriate SDS. Allspill-related activities should comply with applicable EPA,OSHA, and lo
20、cal regulations and laws.7.3 Because of fire and explosion hazards, do not permitopen flames in the vicinity of tank carriers, other shippingcontainers, or storage tanks. Provide all electrical fixtures withvapor-proof globes and explosion-proof safety devices.Ground all containers and lines by an a
21、pproved method.Prohibit smoking in the area.7.4 Consult the appropriate SDS for specific first aid in-structions and equipment to have available for use in the eventof personnel contact or exposure.8. Sampling Tank Cars8.1 Use brown 1-L bottles made of heat-resistant glass withscrew caps to collect
22、samples of molten maleic anhydride andphthalic anhydride. Use metal 1-L cans with screw caps forsampling molten naphthalene.NOTE 2Caps must have aluminum foil liners.8.2 Install the can or glass bottle in a suitable weightedsampling harness, constructed in such a way that the top of thecontainer is
23、held in an upright position, when the apparatus islowered into the car.8.3 Obtain the sample through the open dome. Lower thecan or bottle in the weighted harness quickly to the bottom ofthe compartment, and raise it slowly at such a rate so that it isabout three fourths full as it emerges from the
24、liquid.8.3.1 Remove the sample apparatus carefully, taking carenot to strike it sharply against the tank car. As soon as thesampling container is removed from the harness, cap and wipeit off with a rag before the material solidifies on the threads.8.3.2 Label the sample container in accordance with
25、OSHARegulations or other appropriate local regulations, or both, toindicate, as a minimum, the source of the sample, type ofmaterial, quantity, hazards, and the purpose of the sample.8.3.3 It should be emphasized that cleanliness and theabsence of moisture are absolutely essential to ensure that atr
26、uly representative sample is obtained from the tank car. Thepractices recommended for Practice E300 should be observed.9. Sampling Metal Drums and Cans of Naphthalene9.1 Before heating the container of naphthalene, provide avent and protect the material from contamination. Melting thenaphthalene wit
27、h dry heat is preferred to avoid moisturecontamination.9.2 To ensure a representative sample, mix the contents ofthe container thoroughly by a suitable means.9.3 Sample the naphthalene as soon as possible after it ismelted and mixed. Collect the sample in tinned cans. Samplingmay be done either by d
28、ipping out portions or by means of aheated pipet.9.4 Label the sample container in accordance with 8.3.2.10. Sampling Solid Naphthalene (Chips, Flakes, Balls)10.1 Bulk Quantities:10.1.1 Take a representative sample, preferably from afalling naphthalene stream, using a straight-path sampler.Adjust sa
29、mpler feed rate, slot width, cutter speed, and fre-quency to collect 227 g of sample per 4540 kg of naphthalene.10.1.2 Melt the entire naphthalene sample and mix thor-oughly before analyzing.10.2 Bags (45.4 kg):10.2.1 Using a small thief, 203 to 305 mm, remove about227 g of sample from 1 bag out of
30、every 40 bags (1814 kg) ofnaphthalene. Take the sample from the filling ear or, ifnecessary, by opening one corner of the bag. Place each samplein a plastic bag or brown glass jar labeled with properidentification in accordance with 8.3.2.10.2.2 Make a composite blend from the individualsamples. Mel
31、t the blend and mix thoroughly before analyzing.10.3 Drums (91 to 109 kg):10.3.1 Insert a thief into the center of the drum to thehalfway point and remove about 200 g of naphthalene. Sample1 drum out of every 20 drums (1814 to 2268 kg). Place eachTABLE 1 Typical Physical PropertiesProductMeltingPoin
32、t,CBoiling Point,CFormsFlash Point,CExplosive Limit, %IgnitionTemperature,CSpecific Gravity,20CLower HigherNaphthalene 80 218 (sublimes) flakes, balls, liquid, rods, tablets 78 0.9 5.9 526 1.15Maleic anhydride 53 200 (sublimes) rods, briquettes, liquid 101 1.4 7.1 470 1.43Phthalic anhydride 130 284
33、(sublimes) flakes, liquid 165 1.7 10.5 570 1.53D3438 152sample in a plastic bag or brown glass jar labeled with properidentification. Label the sample container in accordance with8.3.2.10.3.2 Make a composite blend from the individualsamples. Melt the blend and mix thoroughly before analyzing.10.3.3
34、 Label the sample container in accordance with 8.3.2.11. Sampling Solid Maleic Anhydride and PhthalicAnhydride11.1 For the purpose of this sampling procedure, a sampleunit is defined as 907 kg consisting of forty approximately22.7-kg bags, for maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride.These are usuall
35、y shipped on a pallet.11.2 It is recommended that 10 % of the shipment besampled, with a maximum of five sample units comprising acomposite sample.11.3 A maximum of five sample units may be compositedfor analysis with a minimum of 200 g taken from each sampleunit.11.4 Sample containers shall be brow
36、n glass bottles, fittedwith aluminum foil-lined caps. Before use, clean and dry thebottles in a clean air convection-type oven.11.5 Nickel, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, orstainless steel-type scoops are recommended for takingsamples of product from the bags selected for sampling.11.6 Ex
37、treme care and good judgment are necessary toensure that the samples truly represent the product.11.7 Seal the opened bags with a suitable tape.11.8 Label the bottles in accordance with 8.3.2.12. Keywords12.1 maleic anhydride; naphthalene; phthalic anhydride;samplingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 h
38、as identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D3438 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2015.)(1) Editorial changes made to Sections 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11,and 12.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
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41、omments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrig
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