1、Designation: D3498 03 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Specification forAdhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing forFloor Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performance stan-dards and test requirements for gap-filling
3、construction adhe-sives for bonding plywood to lumber framing, particularlyfloor joists, at the construction site.1.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring thequality of the adhesives and is not intended as an applicationspecification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re
4、gardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not pu
5、rport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D57
6、2 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heat andOxygenD905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD2016 Test Methods for Moisture Content of Wood3D4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films toSupport or Resist the Growth
7、 of FungiD4783 Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-tions in Container to Attack by Bacteria, Yeast, and FungiE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this spe
8、cification are de-fined in Terminology D907.3.1.1 gap-filling adhesive, nan adhesive capable of form-ing and maintaining a bond between surfaces that are notclose-fitting.3.1.1.1 DiscussionClose-fitting is relative to a given ma-terial and industry; for example, standards in constructiondiffer from
9、standards in electronics. Some adhesives will bondby bridging without completely filling the gap; others by fillingthe gap completely.3.1.2 open assembly time, nthe time interval betweenapplying adhesive on the subtrates and closing them togetherbefore bonding.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specifi
10、cation establishes test methods and perfor-mance requirements for adhesives bonding plywood to woodframing members.4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring thequality of the adhesives.4.3 The tests provide shear strength performance data whenthe substrates are conditioned to simulate var
11、ious conditionsthat may occur during sub-floor adhesive application andcuring.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on ConstructionAdhesives.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published January 2011
12、. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3498 03. DOI:10.1520/D3498-03R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
13、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 The tests are suitable for product perfor
14、mance certifica-tion and quality control programs, and can be useful to thegeneral public, adhesive manufacturers, distributors, specifiers,architects, contractors, testing laboratories and other businessesand professionals.4.5 The results do not include all possible conditions, whichmay occur durin
15、g final assembly, but indicate a set of perfor-mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-ables.5. Ordering Information5.1 The adhesive may be furnished by the manufacturer inany suitable form agreeable to the purchaser.6. Materials6.1 The adhesive shall be a gap-filling constructi
16、on adhesivethat sets at temperatures as low as 40F (4.4C).6.2 The adhesive shall not support mold or bacterial growth.If amylaceous or protein fillers and extenders are used in theadhesive formulation, the adhesive must not only pass theperformance requirements of this specification, but in addition
17、,possess sufficient anti-fungal properties to inhibit the growth ofselected fungal species when tested in accordance with TestMethods D4300 and selected bacterial species in accordancewith Test Methods D4783. The adhesive manufacturer shallnotify in writing the agency responsible for testing, certif
18、ying,and compliance labeling of the adhesive whether any suchmaterials are present in the adhesive.6.3 The adhesive, when completely set, shall form a resil-ient bond that shall be durable when protected from directexposure to the weather, as defined by the requirements of thisspecification.6.4 The
19、adhesive shall be a uniform mixture suitable forextrusion by a caulking gun or other pressurized applicationequipment.6.5 The adhesive shall permit an open assembly time of notless than 10 min when applied to the lumber framing inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions. It shall befunctional,
20、 as defined in this specification, when applied tosurfaces having a temperature range from 0 to 100F (17.8 to37.8C).NOTE 1Open assembly times that are less than 10 min as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and user, are acceptable provided the adhesivemeets the requirements of Table 1.6.6 The adhes
21、ive shall be functional when applied to lumberframing free of standing water, ice, or snow.7. Requirements Requirements7.1 The adhesive shall conform to the strength and durabil-ity properties shown in Table 1.8. Sampling8.1 A representative sample totaling not less than 1 qt (946cm3) of the adhesiv
22、e shall be taken from each lot to be tested.8.2 For the purpose of sampling, a lot shall consist ofmaterial from the same batch or blending operation subject tothe same processing operations and conditions.9. Number of Tests9.1 The number of test specimens shall be as specified ineach test method de
23、signated in Section 11 and Table 1. Theaverage result for the specimens tested shall conform to therequirements prescribed in this specification.10. Specimen Preparation10.1 MaterialsUse the following materials for the testsoutlined:10.1.1 Plywood58-in. or (1932-in. (15.1-m) thick, U.S.Product Stand
24、ard PS-195 grade marked stamped, commercialplywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exterior-grade plywood, underlayment type with A grade face ply forthe adhesion surface. The plywood must be flat within116 in.(2 mm); that is, the maximum permissible bow for a 16-in.(406-mm) length of ply
25、wood shall be116 in. (2 mm). Make themeasurement across the top surface of the plywood. Usebowed plywood only if it meets the limitation above and if theconvexity occurs on the bottom surface that will contact thelumber. The plywood must be free of patches, core voids, andknot holes in the glueline
26、area.10.1.2 Lumber2-in. (51-mm) (nominal) Douglas-fir andsouthern pine; (Note 2) clear dry lumber (moisture content of8to15%)(Note 3). The surface shall be free of bark, knots,splits, and pitch.TABLE 1 Adhesive Strength and Durability RequirementsTest PropertyNumber ofSpecimensRequirement Section Re
27、ferenceTest A (wet lumber)Douglas-fir shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2Southern pine shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2Test B (frozen lumber)Douglas-fir shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.2Southern pine shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg
28、11.2Test C (dry lumber)Douglas-fir shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2GAP-fillingDouglas-fir shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.3Durability (moisture resistance)Douglas-fir delamination 24 a minimum of 22 of 24 specimens shall show nodelamination.11.4shear strength 24
29、150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.4Durability (oxidation resistance) flexibility 3 no fracture of free film on mandrel bend or visiblesigns of melting after exposure11.5D3498 03 (2011)2NOTE 2Only the sapwood of loblolly, slash, longleaf, and shortleafpine may be used.NOTE 3Test Methods D2016 can be us
30、ed to determine moisturecontent.10.1.3 Adhesiveapplied with a caulking gun.10.2 Number of Test AssembliesPrepare three wood-adhesive composite test assemblies as shown in Fig. 1 for eachcondition specified.10.3 Conditioning of Materials:10.3.1 Cut lumber and plywood to the required size asshown in F
31、ig. 1. If the lumber must be reduced in height, retainat least one mill-finished surface as the surface to be bonded. Ifthe lumber must be reduced in width to achieve a maximum112-in. (38-mm) dimension, plane both sides in equal amounts.10.3.2 Predrill the plywood and lumber with a No. 37(diameter 0
32、.104 in. (2.64 mm) to receive nails as shown in Fig.1. Predrill the lumber to a depth of 1 in. (25 mm).10.3.3 Condition the adhesive at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C)for a period of 48 h prior to use.10.3.4 Condition the lumber and plywood in accordancewith the schedules shown in Table 2, and the followingpr
33、ocedures:10.3.4.1 Run Test A (wet lumber) and Test B (frozenlumber) with both Douglas-fir and southern pine lumber.10.3.4.2 Before fabricating samples with wet lumber sur-faces (Test A), seal both ends of the lumber sections withparaffin. Completely submerge the lumber in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 6 2.8
34、C) for 48 h for Douglas-fir, and for2hforsouthern pine.After submersion, wipe off visible surface waterand expose the lumber for 48 h at 100 6 5F (37.8 6 2.8C),and 90 6 5 % relative humidity. At the completion of thehumidity cycle, submerge the lumber in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 + 2.8C) for 15 min. Wip
35、e off visible surface water witha clean, dry cloth and immediately begin the fabricationprocedure as outlined in 10.4.1.10.3.4.3 Seal lumber for test assemblies with frozen lumbersurfaces (Test B) at both ends with paraffin and submerge inwater as described in Table 2. After submersion, wipe offvisi
36、ble surface water with a clean, dry cloth and store imme-diately at 0 6 5F (17.8 6 2.8C) for 48 h.NOTE 4For safety, conditioning chambers should have no ignitionsources within the vapor space.10.4 Preparation of Shear Strength Specimens:10.4.1 Apply an adhesive bead along the center line of amill-fi
37、nished surface of the lumber, such that the bead extendsfrom one predrilled hole to the other, but not beyond. Applysufficient adhesive to give 100 % coverage of the lumbersurface, as evidenced by a “squeeze-out.” If it is necessary toapply the adhesive outside of the lumber conditioning chamber,rem
38、ove only one piece of lumber at a time, apply the adhesivebead, then condition the lumber with adhesive applied for aminimum of 10 min and a maximum of 12 min in accordancewith Table 3.10.4.2 Before placing the plywood on the adhesive-coveredsurface, insert spacers,14 in. wide by 0.006 in. thick by
39、4 in.long (6 by 0.15 by 102 mm), at the midpoint of the lumber andat the outboard side of each nail, as shown in Fig. 2. Before thespacer is inserted at the midpoint, scrape away a 1-in. (25-mm)segment of the adhesive bead at the midpoint. Do not permitadhesive between the spacer and substrate.NOTE
40、5Aluminum embossing tape is suggested for use as spacers.10.4.3 Position the plywood on the adhesive-covered sur-face with the aid of a positioning jig as shown in Fig. 3. Nailin place with 6-penny (2 in. (51 mm) in length) scaffold nails.Make the top of the lower head of a scaffold nail flush with
41、thesurface of the plywood.10.4.4 Apply a uniform pressure of 4 6 0.25 psi (28 6 2kPa) across the entire bonded area of the assembly for a periodof 1 min at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C). Apply this pressure byany appropriate means, including a press with a suitable insertbetween the nails or a combination o
42、f uniformly distributedweights between the nails.10.4.5 Set the adhesive in the assemblies in accordance withthe schedules shown in Table 4.10.4.6 After the specified setting time, remove the nails, butleave the spacers in place. Using a sharp saw, cut off theplywood flush with the side surfaces of
43、the lumber, at the sametime removing any excess adhesive. Cut eight block-shearspecimens from each assembly as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.10.5 Preparation of Specimens for Test of Gap-Filling Effecton StrengthPrepare assemblies as described in 10.4.1-10.4.4,Table of Dimensionsin. mmDimension Tolerance D
44、imension ToleranceA 153418 400 3B 512 . 140 .C 16 . 406 .D 1518 381 3E 1318 330 3F 118 25 3G 112 min116 38 min 2H 138116 33 2I 112 max116 38 max 2FIG. 1 Test AssemblyD3498 03 (2011)3except for thickness of spacers. Before placing the plywood onthe adhesive-covered lumber surface, insert spacers,14 i
45、n. wideby 0.062 in. thick by 4 in. long (6 by 1.57 by 102 mm), asshown in Fig. 2. Avoid disturbing the location of the spacers.Do not permit adhesive between the spacer and substrate.NOTE 6TFE-fluorocarbon sheet is suggested for use as spacers.10.5.1 After the specified setting time (Table 4), remov
46、e thenails and spacers before cutting eight block-shear specimensfrom each assembly, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.10.6 Preparation of Specimens for Test of Durability (Mois-ture Resistance)Prepare assemblies as described in 10.4.1-10.4.4. After the specified setting time (Table 4), remove thenails, but
47、 leave the spacers in place. Cut eight specimens fromeach assembly as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6.10.7 Preparation of Specimens for Test of Durability (Oxi-dation Resistance).10.7.1 Prepare specimens by casting wet films of adhesivelengthwise on silicone release paper or polyethylene sheet, asshown i
48、n Fig. 7. Control thickness and width of the castingswith the spreader shown in Fig. 7. Cast the first film ofadhesive using the 0.050-in. (1.27-mm) gap of the spreader.Condition this film for 3 h at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C) and 506 10 % relative humidity. Then cast a second wet film ofadhesive on top
49、of the first film using the 0.100-in. (2.54-mm)gap of the spreader.NOTE 7For adhesives having solids contents in the range from 95 to100 weight %, the wet film of adhesive may be cast in one step using the0.100-in. (2.54-mm) gap of the spreader.10.7.2 Set the completed casting of adhesive at the condi-tions shown in Table 4. After setting, cut three, 1 by 3-in. (25by 76-mm) specimens from the free adhesive films.11. Test Methods11.1 Test ConditionsPerform all tests of shear strength at70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C) and 50 6 10
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