1、Designation: D 3512 07Standard Test Method forPilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes ofTextile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3512; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the resistance to the formationof pills and other related
3、 surface changes on textile fabricsusing the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure isgenerally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparelfabrics.NOTE 1For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,refer to Test Methods D 3511, D 3514, and D 4970.1.2 Some fabrics that
4、have been treated with a silicone resinmay not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because thesilicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the testchamber and cause erroneous results.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standa
5、rd. Within the text,the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Withinthe text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. Thevalues stated in each system are not exact equivalents; there-fore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two system
6、s may result in noncon-formance with the specification.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
7、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush PillingTesterD 3514 Tes
8、t Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric PadD 4850 Terminology Relating to FabricD 4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: MartindaleTesterE 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative
9、 Humidityby Means of Aqueous Solutions2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:12-435120-00 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for RandomTumble Pilling Test33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, see Terminology D 4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fuz
10、z,pilling resistance, pills.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such asfuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a labora-tory testing machine. Pills are caused to form on fa
11、bric by arandom rubbing action produced by tumbling specimens in acylindrical test chamber lined with a mildly abrasive material.To form pills with appearance and structure that resemble thoseproduced in actual wear, small amounts of short-length graycotton fiber are added to each test chamber with
12、the specimens.The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparison of thetested specimens with visual standards that may be actualfabrics, or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pillingresistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported usingan arbitrary rating scale.5. Significance
13、 and Use5.1 Acceptance TestingThis method of testing fabrics forresistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing.If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used withcaution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
14、Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3512 05(2007)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
15、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD3512.1Copyright ASTM Intern
16、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri May 9 03:07:04 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.some cases the purchaser and
17、the supplier may have to test acommercial shipment of one or more specific materials by thebest available test method, even though the test method is notrecommended for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or
18、 more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used thatare as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test results were obtained, a
19、nd randomlyassigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Othermaterials with established test values may be used for thispurpose. The test results from the two laboratories should becompared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing ser
20、ies. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex propertybecause it is affected by many factors which may include typeof fiber or blends, fiber dimension
21、s, yarn and fabric construc-tion, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method.Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pillingresistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more withgeneral conditions of use and individual wearers than inreplicate fabric specimens subjected
22、to controlled laboratorytests. This experience should be borne in mind when adoptinglevels of acceptability for any series of standards.5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance anddepend on the presence of lint and degree of color contrast.These factors are not evaluated when pilling is rat
23、ed solely onthe number of pills. The development of pills may be accom-panied by other surface phenomena such as loss of cover, colorchange, or the development of fuzz. Since the overall accept-ability of a specific fabric is dependent on both the character-istics of the pills and the other factors
24、affecting surfaceappearance, it is suggested that fabrics tested in the laboratorybe evaluated subjectively with regard to their acceptability andnot rated solely on the number of pills developed. A series ofstandards, based on graduated degrees of surface change of thefabric type being tested, may
25、be set up to provide a basis forsubjective ratings. The visual standards are most advantageouswhen the laboratory test specimens correlate closely in appear-ance with worn fabrics and show a similar ratio of pills to fuzz.Counting the pills and weighing their number with respect totheir size and con
26、trast, as a combined measure of pillingresistance, is not recommended because of the excessive timerequired for counting, sizing, and calculating.5.4 The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparingthe tested specimens with visual standards, which may beactual fabrics or photographs of fabrics
27、, showing a range ofpilling resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reportedon an arbitrary scale ranging from 5 (no pilling) to 1 (verysevere pilling).5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide variety ofwoven and knitted fabrics that vary in pilling propensity as aresult of variations
28、in fiber, yarn and fabric structure, andfinish.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Random Tumble Pilling Tester4(Fig. 1):6.1.1 Cork Cylinder Liners, about 146 mm (5.75 in.) wideby 452 mm (17.81 in) long cut from 1.5-mm (.063-in.) thickflat sheets of Type P2117A material conforming to Classifica-tion Syste
29、m F104, Appendix X2. The original surface of theliner, produced by slicing the material, should be used withoutany further treatment such as sanding. Store liners in originalpackaging in a cool, dry place.6.1.2 Air Injection Device to give 14-21 kPa (2-3 psi) airpressure in each test chamber, either
30、 included in new testers ora modification to older testers.6.2 Adhesive4, white all-purpose, for sealing edges of speci-mens (see 7.1).4Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.FIG. 1 Random Tumble Piling TesterD3512072Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri May 9 03:07:04 EDT
31、2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6.3 Plastic Bottle, with dispensing spout and cap, for usewith diluted adhesive.6.4 Vacuum Cleaner, home canister type, to clean speci-mens after testing.6.5 Cotton Sliver,54301 tex, fine Ame
32、rican Upland, orequivalent, for improving visibility of pills on specimens.6.6 Apparatus for Fabric EvaluationFacilities for illumi-nation (cool white fluorescent tube) and simultaneous viewingof test specimen and fabric or photograph rating standards.Apparatus and options for visual evaluation are
33、listed in Table1.6.7 Standard In-House Pilling Test Fabric, having an estab-lished pilling resistance rating for checking machine perfor-mance. No universal standard fabric is available. Each testfacility must decide on an appropriate fabric.6.8 Rating Standards:6.8.1 FabricA series of tested specim
34、ens of a specificfabric type which shows degree of pilling or other distortion, orboth, for each type of fabric to be tested. Store the fabric ratingstandards and handle them under conditions that will preservetheir original form and appearance.6.8.2 Photographic A set of five photographs, 105-mmsqu
35、are (4.13 in.), numbered 1 to 5 illustrating varying degreesof pilling from “very severe pilling” to “no pilling” such asAdjunct D 3512.3The photos should have a dull matte finishand be of the same size as the tested specimen.6.9 Facilities for Laundering SamplesIf needed.6.10 Facilities for Dry Cle
36、aning SamplesIf needed.7. Hazardous Materials7.1 Adhesives used in this test method may be hazardous.Refer to the manufacturers material safety data sheets forinformation on use, handling, storage, and disposal of theseproducts.8. Sampling8.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric orfabric co
37、mponents of fabricated systems to be the primarysampling unit, as applicable.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilityamong rolls, bolts, or pieces of fabric and among specimens from a swatchof fabric from a
38、roll, bolt, or piece, or between cartons of garments andamong garments within a carton, to provide a sampling plan with ameaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, andlimiting quality level.8.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitFrom each primary sam-pling unit take one full-width pie
39、ce of fabric that is1m(1yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction), after firstremoving a 1 m (1 yd) length. For fabric components offabricated systems use the entire system.8.2.1 For acceptance testing of garments, take one garmentfrom each carton (see Note 2).9. Test Specimens: Selection,
40、Number, and Preparation9.1 Samples may be washed or dry cleaned before cuttingthe test specimens, using conditions appropriate for the fabricend use or conditions agreed upon by all interested parties.9.2 Cut specimens in squares 105 mm (4.13 in.) on the biasat an approximate 0.78 rad (45) angle to
41、the warp (wale) andfilling (course) directions.9.2.1 Take three specimens from each laboratory unit. Takethe specimens evenly spaced across the width of the laboratorysample or from three different panels in a garment. Specimensshould be staggered in such a manner that no two specimenscontain the sa
42、me yarns. Avoid areas with wrinkles and otherdistortions. Unless otherwise specified, do not cut specimensnearer the selvage than one tenth the width of the fabric.9.3 Mark replicate specimens in one corner on the face ofthe fabric with the appropriate number 1, 2, or 3.9.4 If loosely woven specimen
43、s fray when applying identi-fication markings, cut the specimens with sides parallel to thewarp and filling and ravel the sides no more than 5 mm (0.2 in.)on each side, leaving the fringe.9.5 Seal the edges of all specimens to a width not exceeding3 mm (.13 in.) on the face of the fabric with adhesi
44、ve. Hang thespecimens on racks until dry, and in any case for at least 2 h.NOTE 3Full-strength adhesive or any dilution down to 1 part adhesivewith 1 part water may be used (see 7.1). Pressing the adhesive into thespecimen face may be accomplished using the dispensing nozzle in aclosed configuration
45、. The rounded end of a glass stirring rod works well,also, but caution should be used to prevent breakage and possible injuryfrom broken glass.NOTE 4Although the use of glued or not glued specimens is accept-able, the measurements should not be compared.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Fit a cork li
46、ner snugly around the inside of a cleanedtest chamber with an unused cork surface facing the rotorblades. The side against the chamber may or may not have beenused. To eliminate any tendency for the liner to rotate, tape theoutside edge of the liner to the chamber wall at the butt jointwith a short
47、piece of 25-mm (1-in.) wide masking tape.10.1.1 Discard cork liners that have been used for1honeach surface.10.2 After every hour of machine running time, remove theliner and clean the impeller by wiping with a cloth wetted in asolution of detergent and water. Allow the chamber to drybefore the next
48、 use.5Cotton dyed to a medium gray shade before carding using a colorfast reactiveblack dye and standard reactive dyeing procedure. Cotton sliver is availablecommercially.TABLE 1 Viewing Apparatus and OptionsApparatus Specimen PreparationASTM Lightbox (Fig. 1)A0.78 rad (45)LightboxB0.78 rad (45)Ligh
49、tboxBflatLightboxBcritical angleAs determined by the buyer and supplierAThe source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time isStandard Scientific Supply Co., 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA180185208. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, please provide this informa-tion to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.BAvailable commercially.D3512073Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri May 9 03:07:04 EDT 2008Downloaded/printe
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