1、Designation: D 3513 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forOverlength Fiber Content of Manufactured Staple Fiber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentby number of overlength or multiple length fibers in a
3、 sampleof manufactured cut staple. The method is applicable to fibertaken immediately after manufacturing, from the bale, or frompartially processed stock.NOTE 1For measurement of length and length distribution of manu-factured staple fibers, refer to Test Method D 5103.1.2 This test method covers p
4、rocedures using the Fibrosam-pler Model 335A (inch-pound units), the Fibrosampler Model335B (SI units), and Fibrosampler combs Model 336.1.2.1 The Fibrosampler Model 335A is equipped with asample plate that has 15.8-mm (58-in.) diameter sample holesand is recommended for use on blended staple taken
5、from thefiber blender or from a carding machine.1.2.2 The Fibrosampler Model 335B is equipped with asample plate that has 10-mm (0.4-in.) diameter sample holesand is recommended for use on unblended staple as may betaken from the fiber cutter or from a bale of staple fiber.1.3 The values stated in e
6、ither SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. The values statedin each unit are not exact equivalents; therefore, each unit mustbe used independently of the other.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u
7、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1447 Test Method for Length and Le
8、ngth Uniformity ofCotton Fibers by Fibrograph MeasurementD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,Sliver, or Tow for TestingD 3888 Terminology Relating to Open-End SpinningD 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD 4849 Terminology Rela
9、ting to Yarns and FibersD 5103 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution ofManufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this testmethod: fiber beard, staple, overlength staple fibers andmultiple-length staple fibers,
10、refer to Terminology D 4849.3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminologies D 123, D 3888, D 3990, andD 4849.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Fibers are caught randomly on a comb to form a fiberbeard. The probability that a given fiber length group repre-sent
11、ed in the original fiber population will appear in the testspecimen is proportional to the ratio of the total length of thatfiber length group to the total fiber length of the originalsample. The beard is biased in the favor of long fibers.4.2 The fiber beard is brushed out and laid on a specimenboa
12、rd. The density of the beard of the cut staple tapers to a linethat is parallel to the base of the comb. The overlength fibersare observed to extend beyond this line and they can beidentified easily.4.3 The noticeably longer fibers are pulled from the fiberbeard, verified for over- or multiple-lengt
13、h and counted. Theresult is then expressed as the percent overlength and percentmultiple-length fiber in the original population.5. Significance and Use5.1 The existence of overlength fiber in manufactured staplecan cause serious problems in the spinning of these fibers intoyarn. Overlength fibers m
14、ay create problems in carding, butmore especially high-strength multiple cut fibers may causecockling in spinning.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1,
15、2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3513 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
16、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Since the overlength fibers are caused by dull ordamaged cutting knives or by uneven flow of tow to the staplecutter, their existence
17、 within the fiber population is not uniformand their occurrence in the population follows a highly skeweddistribution.5.3 Manual methods of determining overlength fiber requiremuch more operator time, and the standard deviations of thetest between laboratories and operators are high. Use of theFibro
18、sampler method greatly reduces both operator time andstandard deviation of testing.5.4 In manufacturing it is important to know if fibers areoverlength due to looping of the tow or multiple length due todamaged cutters.5.5 This method for testing staple fiber for overlength fiberis not recommended f
19、or acceptance testing (see 13.1).5.5.1 In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may haveto test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materialsby the best available method, even though the method has notbeen recommended for acceptance testing of commercialshipments. If there are differen
20、ces of practical significancebetween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparativetests that are as homog
21、eneous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a prob
22、ability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Fibrosampler,3Model 335A of 335B (Fig. 1), equippedwith the following:6.1.1 Co
23、mbs,3Model 336 (Fig. 2).6.1.2 Spacing Gage.6.1.3 Specimen Board, board covered with short pile orplush surface on one side, for displaying the test specimen.6.1.4 Brush, for brushing the test specimen.6.1.5 Tweezers, for removing the long fibers from thespecimen board for verification.NOTE 2Fibrosam
24、pler Model 192, which is used for sampling cotton,(Method D 1447) has been used successfully with this method, but theabove listed models and combs yield better results because long fibers areless likely to be pulled from the combs during beard preparation.6.2 Laboratory Carding Machine or Opener/Bl
25、enderModel 3383is needed for use with Fibrosampler Model 335A.6.3 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing the specimento within 0.01 % of its mass.6.4 Scale, graduated to the nearest 1 mm (116-in.).7. Sampling7.1 Lot SamplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shippin
26、g containers directed inthe applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to usePractice D 3333 or Practice D 2258. Consider shipping con-tainers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement betwe
27、en thepurchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unitwithin a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a singlepackage, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling planwit
28、h a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel, and limiting quantity level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take at random from each shipping container inthe lot sample the number of laboratory sampling units asdirected in an applicable ma
29、terial specification or other agree-ment between purchaser and supplier such as an agreement touse Practice D 3333 or Practice D 2258. Preferably, the samenumber of laboratory sampling units are taken from each3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Special
30、Instruments Laboratory, Inc., 312 W. Vine Ave., P.O. Box 1950,Knoxville, TN. 37901. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which
31、you may attend.FIG. 1 FibrosamplerFIG. 2 Fibrosampler CombsD 3513 02 (2007)2shipping container in the lot sample. If differing numbers oflaboratory sampling units are to be taken from shippingcontainers in the lot sample, determine at random whichshipping containers are to have each number of labora
32、tory unitsdrawn.7.2.1 Take 100-g samples of staple fiber, sliver or top foreach laboratory sampling unit.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,take one specimen. If the standard deviation determined for thelaboratory sample is more than a value agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and sup
33、plier, continue testing one specimen fromeach unit in the laboratory sample until the standard deviationfor all specimens tested is not more than the agreed to value or,by agreement, stop testing after a specified number.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Clean the card clothing on the Fibrosampler
34、 before orafter the preparation of each beard to maintain effectivecombing action. To do this, raise the release button (F, Fig. 1)to allow the doffer roller to fall into the cleaning position.Rotate the pivot arm clockwise while holding the doffer againstthe card clothing. At the bottom of the pivo
35、t arm a cleanercomb may be rotated into the doffer clothing by the left handwhile the doffer roll is rotated clockwise by the right hand.8.2 Remove a 25 6 5-g test specimen from each laboratorysample.8.3 Prepare a fiber beard specimen from each test specimenas directed in 8.4 using Fibrosampler Mode
36、l 335A, or in 8.5using Fibrosampler Model 335B.8.4 Fibrosampler Model 335A:8.4.1 Process the test specimen through a laboratory blendersuch as a laboratory carding machine, or a Model 338Opener/Blender.8.4.2 Place an empty comb in the comb holder.8.4.3 With the left hand, place the test specimen in
37、thecylinder and press it against the curved perforated sampleplate.8.4.4 With a 10 to 20-mm diameter circular motion of theleft hand work the fibers until they protrude through the holesof the sample plate. Then relax the hand pressure against theplate to prevent fiber damage or breakage.8.4.5 With
38、the right hand, turn the pivot arm one completecounterclockwise revolution. This carries the comb teethacross the face of the protruding test sample and allows a fiberbeard to be drawn from the test specimen.NOTE 4Excessive hand pressure on the test specimen during this stepwill require excessive fo
39、rce to turn the pivot arm and will not allow thefibers to be drawn onto the comb properly and cause excessive fiberdamage during comb loading.8.4.6 Withdraw the comb from its holder.8.5 Fibrosampler 335B:8.5.1 Place an empty comb in the comb holder.8.5.2 With the left hand, place the test specimen i
40、n thecylinder and press a small segment of the specimen across andagainst the lower area of the perforated sample plate.8.5.3 With a 10 to 20-mm diameter circular motion of theleft hand, work the fibers until they protrude through the holesof the sample plate. Then relax the hand pressure against th
41、eplate to prevent fiber damage or breakage.8.5.4 With the right hand, turn the pivot arm one completecounterclockwise revolution. This carries the comb teethacross the face of the protruding test sample and allows asegment of the fiber beard to form on the comb. See Note 4.8.5.5 Ease the test specim
42、en from the plate. Rotate the testspecimen to present a new surface and move it up the sampleplate.8.5.6 Continue as directed in 8.5.3 through 8.5.4 until thecomb is uniformly loaded with a milligram mass of 160 to 190times the nominal staple length.NOTE 5The comb can usually be loaded in three to f
43、ive turns aroundthe cylinder.8.5.7 Withdraw the comb from its holder.9. Preparation and Adjustment of Apparatus9.1 Set up and adjust the Fibrosampler as directed in themanufacturers instruction manual.9.1.1 Check the clearance between comb and samplingholes in the sampler drum, using the supplied ga
44、ge. Adjust asnecessary.9.1.2 Test the Fibrosampler comb clamp mechanism forfiber beard holding capability. This may be accomplished bywithdrawing the dog (c, Fig. 2) to open the clamp manually,placing a small tuft of fiber under the teeth of the comb, closingthe clamp mechanism by forcing the dog in
45、to the comb, andthen pulling the fibers. The clamp holding capacity should behigh enough to allow the comb to be picked up by a tuft of 50to 100 fibers.10. Procedure10.1 Place the comb, with the fiber beard firmly clamped, onthe specimen board. Brush the beard to lay flat against theboard surface. T
46、he density of the beard will be observed totaper and end at a line representing the nominal cut length ofthe staple.10.2 Measure the distance (to the nearest 1 mm) from thebase of the comb to the line, representing the nominal cutstaple, observed in 10.1. Overlength fibers will be observed toextend
47、beyond this well-defined line.10.3 Establish a line, located to the nearest 1 mm andparallel to the face of the comb, that is 1.1 times the distancemeasured in 10.2.10.4 Unclamp the fibers by withdrawing the dog (E, Fig. 2).With tweezers, remove those fibers that extend beyond the lineestablished in
48、 10.3. Determine, by measurement to the nearest1 mm (1/16 in.), whether the fibers are actually overlength, ormultiple length, or extending across the line because fiber endsare entangled in a nep, or tied.NOTE 6Overlength fibers by definition include multiple-length fibers.When determining the caus
49、e of overlength fibers, however, it is advisableto exclude multiple-length fibers from the overlength count. It may also beadvisable to count the number, but not measure the length, of neps or tiedfibers since they are indicative of other processing problems.10.4.1 Measure the fiber lengths as directed in Test MethodD 1447.10.5 Count the number of overlength fibers verified in 10.4.D 3513 02 (2007)310.6 Count the number of multiple length fibers verified in10.4.10.7 Remove the fiber beard from the comb and weigh thespecimen to the nearest 0.01 % of its mass. Include t
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