ASTM D3521-1986(2012) Standard Test Method for Surface Wax Coating On Corrugated Board《瓦楞纸板表面涂蜡的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D3521 86 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forSurface Wax Coating On Corrugated Board1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3521; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight ofwax that is present as a coating on the surface of corrugatedboard. This

3、method is applicable to board to which wax hasbeen applied by curtain coating, roll coating, or other methods;the substrate board may or may not contain impregnating(saturating) wax within its structure.NOTE 1If it is known that the specimen has coating wax only, with nointernal saturating wax, the

4、total coating wax applied may be determinedby Test Method D3344.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli

5、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product(Withdrawn 2010)3D3344 Test Method for Total Wax Content of CorrugatedPaperboard3. Terminology3.1 Defi

6、nitions:3.1.1 weight of wax coatingthe weight of wax present asa surface film on corrugated paperboard, expressed as weightper unit area, usually grams per square metre or pounds ofcoating per thousand feet of board covered.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis definition excludes any portion ofwax that is located

7、 below the surface, that may have beenpermitted to soak into the fibrous paperboard structure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The amount of wax present as a coating on the surfaceis determined by delaminating the coated facing to obtain aripple-free sheet, then scraping off the wax using a razor bladea

8、nd calculating the wax removed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Wax coatings are applied to corrugated board to providea better barrier against moisture or other agents or to provideimproved appearance or abrasion resistance. These perfor-mance features are influenced by the amount of wax present onthe su

9、rface.5.2 During most coating operations, the major portion of thewax applied will congeal on the surface, while a minorproportion will migrate into and become embedded in thefibers of the facing. This method measures only the portion onthe surface.6. Apparatus6.1 Sample-Trimming EquipmentA suitable

10、 trimmingboard or template arrangement equipped with a razor edgeknife for even cutting of specimens to required size, withparallel sides. (A guillotine-type paper cutter is not recom-mended.)6.2 Measuring Rule, steel edged, for measuring the size ofspecimen to within 0.5 mm.6.3 Razor Blades, common

11、 single-edge, having a rigid rimfor holding in the fingers. The blade is used for surface waxscraping and an adequate supply of fresh blades with sharpedges is required.6.4 Analytical Balance, reading to nearest 1 mg.7. Sampling and Test Specimen7.1 From each test unit, obtained in accordance with P

12、rac-tice D585, that is, each finished carton blank or paperboardsheet, cut specimens free from obvious defects. Each specimenshould measure 100 by 100 mm, cut to the nearest 0.5 mm.Record the area of the surface to be tested, and whether it is aninside or outside facing. Duplicate specimens are requ

13、ired fromeach sample unit.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical PropertiesCurrent edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved i

14、n 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3521 86 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D3521-86R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su

15、mmary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 2The operator may be required to increase the replication andtreatm

16、ent of specimens to obtain a better estimate of “average” waxloading, (1) if the waxing is at an extremely low level, or (2) if the waxloading shows obvious wide variations in distribution over the board area.NOTE 3Optionally, specimens of other dimensions may be used ifrequired by sampling limitati

17、ons. In such cases, calculations need to beappropriately adjusted.7.2 Condition all boards at 23C (73F) and 50 % relativehumidity for a minimum of 48 h before beginning testprocedure.8. Procedure8.1 Take each duplicate specimen and separate the coatedfacing from the combined board as follows:8.1.1 D

18、elaminate the fibers of the facing in a manner thatcauses minimum disturbance of the surface coating and pro-duces a thin continuous paper sheet. To do this, pry with afingernail or blade at the corner of the specimen to startseparating the fibers within the facing itself, then pull todelaminate, ma

19、intaining a low angle and a diagonal direction.Mark the reverse side to identify the specimen number. Weighthe duplicate delaminated pieces together before scraping andrecord the weight to the nearest 1 mg.NOTE 4For some types of combined board, the surface is smooth andfree of ridges. In such cases

20、, delamination of the liner may not benecessary.8.2 Remove the surface wax from the surface of eachdelaminated piece by scraping the wax in four separateoperations as follows:8.2.1 Place the delaminated piece on a smooth hard surfacesuch as a glass plate. Using a fresh razor blade for each test(100

21、cm2total), begin scraping in the direction parallel to theflutes as seen by the residual impressions. Hold the blade sothat it is drawn toward the operator and is held close to thevertical. Place the blade so that it covers the width of the firstflute. Use a moderately firm stroke and completely tra

22、verse thesection of the specimen on one steady motion. It is importantto do thorough scraping to ensure that there is no surface filmof wax remaining. In removing the wax film it is acceptable toalso remove a minor amount of paper fibers, but avoidexcessive removal of fibers (see Note 5). After the

23、first stroke,move the blade to cover an additional portion of the specimenabout the width of the next flute impression and repeat thescraping stroke. Proceed across the specimen discarding thewax scrapings but preserving the integrity of the paper sheet.NOTE 5The minor amount of fibers removed with

24、the wax scrapingsmay be ignored; this error tends to cancel the error of incomplete scraping.Tests indicate that with normal surface scraping the fibers scraped offshould constitute only about 5 % of the weight of the scrapings.8.2.2 After completing the uniform scraping in onedirection, then turn t

25、he specimen by 90 and repeat theprogressive scraping. Continue turning and scraping throughthe next 90 and the last 90 to complete the full rotation.Finally, inspect the specimen carefully to detect any areas withremaining surface wax and re-scrape such areas.8.2.3 Carry out the same procedure with

26、the duplicate facingspecimen. Weigh the scraped specimens together and recordthe weight loss to the nearest 1 mg.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the weight of surface coating on the facing, a,in g/m2, as follows:a 5c 2 db(1)where:b = specimen area, total, m2,c = weight of duplicate delaminated facings,

27、beforescraping, g, andd = weight of facings, after scraping, g.10. Report10.1 Identify which facing of the corrugated board wastested and reportSurface Coating on Facing in grams persquare metre. If desired, the surface coating weight may bereported in pounds per thousand square feet by multiplying

28、dby 0.205.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method as obtained bystatistical examination of interlaboratory test results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results, obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating c

29、onditions on identical testmaterial, would in the long run, in the normal and correctoperation of the test method, exceed the following values onlyin one case in twenty:15% of the mean11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results, obtained by different operators work

30、-ing in different laboratories on identical test material, would inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:24% of the mean11.2 Precision has been determined by interlaboratory test-ing of corrugated board samples of t

31、wo types: (1) having thecoating applied to plain untreated board, and ( 2) having thecoating applied to board previously partially impregnated(saturated) with wax.11.3 Due to the high degree of normal variability fromspecimen to specimen, close precision may be difficult toobtain. In cases where clo

32、se precision is needed or precision issuspect, multiple sampling and testing should be done.11.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring surface wax oncorrugated board has no bias because the value for the surfacewax can be defined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 coating; corrugated; waxD352

33、1 86 (2012)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such

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36、ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3521 86 (2012)3