ASTM D3551-2002 Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime Mixtures Using a Mechanical Mixer《用机械搅拌器在实验室中制备土壤-石灰石混合物的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D 3551 02Standard Practice forLaboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime Mixtures Using aMechanical Mixer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the laborator

3、y preparation of soil-lime mixtures for use in determining the effects of lime on soilproperties (plasticity, strength, moisture-density relations, etc.)and the design of mixtures for construction.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us

4、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot rep

5、laceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practicemay be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard isnot intended to represent or replace the standard of care bywhich the adequacy of a given professional service must b

6、ejudged, nor should this document be applied without consid-eration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Stan-dard” in the title of this document means only that thedocument has been approved the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 653 Terminology Relating to S

7、oil, Rock, and ContainedFluids2D 2216 Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil, Rock, and Soil-AggregateMixtures2D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and Construction2

8、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminology D 653.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice standardizes the preparation of soil-limemixtures for laboratory testing by engineers and researchersinterested in determining properties of soil whe

9、n stabilizedwith lime. In this method, mention is made of the mellowingperiod, but no specific recommendations are made because themellowing period to be used in testing depends upon eachspecific use.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the perso

10、nnel performing it, andthesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740

11、 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical Mixer, capable of producing uniform andhomogeneous mixtures of soil, lime, and water.5.2 Spatulas, Trowels, Scoops, etc.

12、, as appropriate for use intransferring soil and lime to the mixer and for scraping andcleaning the bowl and all other parts of the mixer.5.3 BalanceA balance or scale capable of weighing atleast 1000 g to the nearest 1 g, for use in weighing soil, lime,and water.6. Mixture Preparation6.1 Soil for m

13、ixture preparation should be in an air-dried oroven-dried condition unless there is reason to believe thatair-drying or oven-drying may detrimentally affect the results(Note 2). In this case, the soil should be cured at or near its finalmoisture content for a predetermined time period. The size ofth

14、e sample and the sample preparation shall be dictated by thetest requirements for which the sample is prepared.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approv

15、ed July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originallypublished as D 3551 76. Last previous edition D 3551 90(1996)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co

16、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2A 24-h period of air drying is typical.6.2 Determine the hygroscopic water content of the air-dried soil in accordance with Method D 2216. Weigh out anamount of the soil sufficient to provide the weight of oven-drysoil required for the desired number of

17、 test specimens, andplace in the bowl of the mechanical mixer. Also weigh out theamount of lime, based on the oven-dry weight of the soilrequired for the percentage desired in the final mixture, andplace in the bowl.6.3 Start the mixer and dry-mix the soil and lime for 1 min,or until the mixture app

18、ears uniform in color.6.4 Weigh or measure into a suitable container the amountof water required to provide the desired water content (Note 3),and add to the mixture in a thin stream or a fine spray while themixer is running. After the water is added, continue the mixingfor an additional 5 min. Afte

19、r about half of this 5-min period iscompleted, stop the mixer for a few seconds and scrape allparts to return any caked mixture to the mixing bowl. Continuethe mixing for the remainder of the 5-min period.NOTE 3The water added should include about 1 % more than thedesired final moisture content to p

20、rovide for the evaporation that occursduring the mixing operation. The amount of extra water required willdepend on laboratory conditions and should be determined experimen-tally.6.5 Turn the mixer off and scrape all parts to return anycaked portions of the mixture to the mixing bowl. Remove thebowl

21、 from the mixer, blend the mixture briefly with a trowel orspatula, and form into a lightly compacted mound in thebottom of the bowl. Cover the bowl immediately to minimizeevaporation of moisture.6.6 If mellowing of the mixture is permitted, the mixtureshould be placed in a smaller, suitable, closed

22、 container toreduce the amount of evaporation. Operations should beplanned so that the mixture is used immediately after themixing operation or after a mellowing period, if such isdesired.NOTE 4A 1-h mellowing period is typical, although periods up to 24h have been used.7. Keywords7.1 lime; Mechanic

23、al mixing; soil-lime; soil stabilizationSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe last edition (90(1996)e1) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Section 1.3 was added in accordance with D18 policy.(2)

24、D 653 was added to Section 2 in accordance with D18policy.(3) A new Section 3 on Terminology was added in accordancewith D18 policy and subsequent sections were renumbered.(4) One keyword was added to Section 7.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte

25、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th

26、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive

27、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat

28、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3551022