ASTM D3551-2017 Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime Mixtures Using Mechanical Mixer《用机械搅拌机在实验室制备土壤石灰混合物的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D3551 17Standard Practice forLaboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime Mixtures UsingMechanical Mixer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the laborator

3、y preparation of soil-lime mixtures for use in determining the effects of lime on soilproperties (plasticity, strength, moisture-density relations, etc.)and the design of mixtures for construction.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are incl

4、uded in thisstandard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In add

5、ition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce

6、significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u

7、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This do

8、cument cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practicemay be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard isnot intended to represent or replace the standard of care bywhich the adequacy of a given profession

9、al service must bejudged, nor should this document be applied without consid-eration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Stan-dard” in the title of this document means only that thedocument has been approved the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-d

10、ance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S

11、tandards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Des

12、ign and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology D653.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice standardizes the preparation of soil-limemixtures

13、for laboratory testing by engineers and researchersinterested in determining properties of soil when stabilizedwith lime. In this method, the mellowing period is mentioned,but no specific recommendations are made because the mel-lowing period to be used in testing depends upon each specificuse.1This

14、 practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved . Published November 2017. Originally approved in1976. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3551 08, which

15、was withdrawnJanuary 2017 and reinstated in November 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D3551-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

16、 onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on

17、standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the compete

18、nce of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with

19、 Practice D3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical Mixer, capable of producing uniform andhomogeneous mixtures of soil, lime, and water.5.2 Spatulas, Trowels

20、, Scoops, etc., as appropriate for use intransferring soil and lime to the mixer and for scraping andcleaning the bowl and all other parts of the mixer.5.3 BalanceA balance or scale capable of weighing atleast 1000 g to the nearest 1 g, for use in weighing soil, lime,and water.6. Mixture Preparation

21、6.1 Soil for mixture preparation should be in an air-dried oroven-dried condition unless there is reason to believe thatair-drying or oven-drying may detrimentally affect the results(Note 2). In this case, the soil should be cured at or near its finalmoisture content for a predetermined time period.

22、 The size ofthe sample and the sample preparation shall be dictated by thetest requirements for which the sample is prepared.NOTE 2A 24-h period of air drying is typical.6.2 Determine the hygroscopic water content of the air-dried soil in accordance with Method D2216. Weigh out anamount of the soil

23、sufficient to provide the weight of oven-drysoil required for the desired number of test specimens, andplace in the bowl of the mechanical mixer. Also weigh out theamount of lime, based on the oven-dry weight of the soilrequired for the percentage desired in the final mixture, andplace in the bowl.6

24、.3 Start the mixer and dry-mix the soil and lime for 1 min,or until the mixture appears uniform in color.6.4 Weigh or measure into a suitable container the amountof water required to provide the desired water content (Note 3),and add to the mixture in a thin stream or a fine spray while themixer is

25、running. After the water is added, continue the mixingfor approximately 5 min. After about half of this 5-min periodis completed, stop the mixer and promptly scrape all parts toreturn any caked mixture to the mixing bowl. Continue themixing for the remainder of the 5-min period.NOTE 3The water added

26、 should include about 1 % more than thedesired final moisture content to provide for the evaporation that occursduring the mixing operation. The amount of extra water required willdepend on laboratory conditions and should be determined experimen-tally.6.5 Turn the mixer off and scrape all parts to

27、return anycaked portions of the mixture to the mixing bowl. Remove thebowl from the mixer, blend the mixture briefly with a trowel orspatula, and form into a lightly compacted mound in thebottom of the bowl. Cover the bowl immediately to minimizeevaporation of moisture.6.6 If mellowing of the mixtur

28、e is permitted, the mixtureshould be placed in a smaller, suitable, closed container toreduce the amount of evaporation. Operations should beplanned so that the mixture is used immediately after themixing operation or after a mellowing period, if such isdesired.NOTE 4A 1-h mellowing period is a typi

29、cal minimum, althoughperiods up to 48 h have been used for highly plastic soils.7. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)7.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the test data sheet(s)/form(s) is covered in 1.3 and PracticeD6026.7.2 Record at a minimum the following information (data)

30、:7.2.1 Identification of the soil being tested, such as theproject identification, location, and sample number.7.2.2 Test number, if any, testing dates, and initials of theperson(s) performing the test.7.2.3 The sample preparation used: air or oven dried.7.2.4 Quantity of soil prepared.8. Keywords8.

31、1 lime; Mechanical mixing; soil-lime; soil stabilizationSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D3551 08) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2017.)(1) Note 4 was modified to reflect mellowing o

32、f highly plasticsoils.(2) Added a Significant Digits section (1.3).(3) Updated the Referenced Documents section.(4) Added a Report section (Section 7).(5) Updated the Summary of Changes.D3551 172ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection

33、with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible te

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35、ation at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr

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