1、Designation: D 3603 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forRust-Preventing Characteristics of Steam Turbine Oil in thePresence of Water (Horizontal Disk Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the ability of steam-turbin
3、e oilsto prevent the rusting of horizontal and vertical ferrous surfaceswhen water becomes mixed with the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety co
4、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 108 Specification for Steel Bar, Ca
5、rbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium andChromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Stripfor Pressure Vessels and for General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited
6、 Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Standards:IP 60/80 Specification for Petroleum Spirit3SAE 30304 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, andPlate, 19Cr - 9.2Ni4BS 970:Part 1:1983 Specification
7、 for wrought steels formechanical and allied engineering purposes. General in-spection and testing procedures and specific requirementsfor carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels5BS 871:1981 Specification for abrasive papers and cloths3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The test method involve
8、s completely immersing a hori-zontal steel disk and vertical steel cylinder in a stirred mixtureof 275 mL of the oil under test and 25 mL of distilled water(water conforming to Specification D 1193, Type II) at atemperature at 60C (140F).3.2 The horizontal specimen allows water to puddle on thesurfa
9、ce, and the vertical specimen is continually washed withthe oil-water mixture during the test.3.3 The test is run for 6 h and the specimens are evaluated.4. Significance and Use4.1 Horizontal metal surfaces, on which water droplets tendto be retained, are more prone to rusting and corrosion thanvert
10、ical or sloping surfaces. This test method is therefore morediscriminating than Test Method D 665 (Procedure A), since itgives a separate evaluation of the oil on a horizontal and avertical surface. The test method indicates the ability of oils toprevent rusting and corrosion of all ferrous surfaces
11、 in steamturbines under full flow and quasi-static conditions. It is usedfor specification of new oils.5. Apparatus5.1 Oil BathA thermostatically controlled liquid bathcapable of maintaining a temperature in the oil sample of 60 61C (140 6 2F). The bath shall have a cover with holes toaccommodate th
12、e test beakers.NOTE 1The bath used for Test Method D 665 may be used with slightmodification, that is, the centers of the beaker holes are moved from 6.4mm to 18.3 mm (14 to2332 in.) from the axes of the stirrers.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products
13、and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of D02.C0.02 onCorrosion and Water/Air Separability.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 360393(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
14、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.4Available f
15、rom SAE World Headquarters, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warren-dale, PA 15096-0001.5BSI, British Standards, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, UnitedKingdom.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2To indicate the temper
16、ature, a thermometer conforming to therequirements of ASTM Thermometer 9C or 9F, or IP Thermometer 21C,as prescribed in Specification E1should be used.5.2 BeakerA 400-mL, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat-resistant glass6beaker without pourout, as shown in Fig. 1,approximately 127 mm (5 in.) in height
17、measured from theinside bottom center and approximately 70 mm (234 in.) ininside diameter measured at the middle.5.3 Beaker Cover and Specimen HolderA flat beakercover (Fig. 2) of methyl methacrylate resin or other fluidresistant material is kept in position by a suitable groove. Threeholes are prov
18、ided. Two are located on any diameter of thecover, one for a stirrer, and the other for attachment of a diskspecimen to the underside of the cover for optional vapor phasetesting. The third hole is for a thermometer, located on adiameter perpendicular to that of the other two holes. Theoutside of th
19、e polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) specimen holder(Fig. 3) is a square, but from the ends of one diagonal, twoequal pieces of PTFE are cut off over the height of the holder.Two vertical threaded holes are made on the other diagonal ofthe square. The inside of the holder consists of two cylindricalhole
20、s, one on top of the other. Four horizontal holes are drilled90 apart on the circumference where the two cylindrical holesmeet. The PTFE specimen holder is connected to the beakercover by two stainless steel holding rods (Fig. 4). Both ends ofeach holding rod are threaded. The surfaces between theth
21、reads are polished with No. 180 grit emery. The 12.7-mmthreaded ends of the holding rods are screwed into the twovertical threaded holes of the specimen holder. The 19.0-mmthreaded ends of the holding rods are connected to the beakercover by putting them through two holes on a line perpendicu-lar to
22、 the connection line of the centers of the earlier mentionedfirst and second hole of the beaker cover. Each holding rod isfastened by two 10-32 stainless steel nuts.NOTE 3An alternative design for the specimen holder assembly hasalso been used successfully. See Test Method D 360382.5.4 StirrerA stir
23、rer constructed entirely from stainlesssteel in the form of an inverted T (Fig. 5). A flat blade 25.4 by6.1 by 0.6 mm (1 by 0.24 by 0.024 in.) shall be attached to a6.1-mm (0.24-in.) rod in such a way that the blade is sym-metrical with the rod and has its flat surface in the verticalplane.NOTE 4A s
24、uitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloysteel conforming to Type 304 of ASTM Specification A 240/A 240M orSAE No. 30304, or BS 970: Part I:1983:302531.6Borosilicate glass is satisfactory for this purpose.NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 1 Rusting Test ApparatusNOTEAl
25、l dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 2 Beaker CoverNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 3 Specimen HolderNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 4 Holding RodD3603072NOTE 5If stainless steel is not obtainable, stirrers made of heat-resistant glass6and having appro
26、ximately the same dimensions as thestainless steel stirrers may be used.5.5 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirringapparatus capable of maintaining a speed of 1000 6 50 r/min.5.6 Grinding and Polishing EquipmentA CAMI 150-grit(99 m) and a CAMI 240-grit (53.5 m) in accordance with BS871 or
27、its equivalent, metalworking aluminum oxide abrasivecloth coat on a jeans backing (the corresponding Europeangrades (FEPA) are P150J and P280J, respectively), a suitablechuck (Fig. 6) for holding the specimen, and a means ofrotating the specimen at a speed of 1700 to 1800 r/min.NOTE 6CAMI (CoatedAbr
28、asives Manufacturers Institute) is a UnitedStates organization and FEPA (Federations of European Producers ofAbrasives) is a European organization.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Cleaning AgentsOne of the following shall be used:6.1.1 ASTM Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to TestMethod D91.(WarningFla
29、mmable. Health hazard.)6.1.2 Isooctane, conforming to Annex II on ReferenceMaterials and Blending Accessories (see Annex II, ReferenceMaterials and Blending Accessories, Motor Section7). Previ-ously used, unrusted specimens shall be stored in this reagent.(WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)6.1.3 IP P
30、etroleum Spirit, conforming to IP 60/80.(WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7. Test Specimens and Their Preparation7.1 The horizontal and vertical specimens (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8,respectively) are attached to one another, separated by a2.4-mm (332-in.) fluorocarbon washer (Fig. 9). A methylmethacrylate c
31、ap (Fig. 10) is attached to the vertical specimenfor handling.7.2 The horizontal specimen when new shall be 30.2 mm(1316 in.) in diameter and 4.8 mm (316 in.) thick, with a 6.4-mm(14-in.) central threaded shaft 9.5 mm (38 in.) long. Specimensshould be discarded when they reach a thickness of 1.6 mm(
32、116 in.) after repeated use.7.3 The vertical specimen when new shall be 12.7 mm (12in.) in diameter and 15.9 mm (58 in.) in length exclusive of the9.5-mm (38-in.) threaded shaft which screws into the 15.9-mmplastic cap. Specimens should be discarded when they reach adiameter of 9.5 mm after repeated
33、 use.7.4 Both specimens shall be made of steel conforming toGrade 1018 of Specification A 108, or to BS 970: 1955-EN3B.NOTE 7When making a check test, the steel specimen that showedrust should not be reused. Specimens that repeatedly show rust in tests ofvarious oils may be imperfect. Such specimens
34、 should be used with oils7Last printed in the 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.NOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).NOTE 2125all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 6 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 5 StirrerD3603073known to pass the test. If rusting occurs in rep
35、eat tests, these specimensshould be discarded.7.5 Both specimens, either new or from a previous test(previously used unrusted specimens shall be stored in isooc-tane) shall be prepared as described in 7.6 and 7.7.7.6 Preliminary GrindingIf the specimens have been usedpreviously and are free from rus
36、t or other irregularities, thepreliminary grinding may be omitted, and they may be sub-jected only to final polishing as prescribed in 7.7.Ifthespecimens are new or if any part of their surfaces show rust orother irregularities, clean them with ASTM precipitation naph-tha or isooctane or IP 60/80 pe
37、troleum spirit and grind withmedium 150-grit aluminum oxide cloth to remove all irregu-larities, pits, and scratches, as determined by visual inspection.7.6.1 The specimen shall not be touched with the hands atany stage after cleaning with naphtha or isooctane or thepetroleum spirit (which precedes
38、either preliminary grinding orfinal polishing) until the test is completed. Forceps or a clean,lintless cloth may be used.7.7 Final PolishingJust before the test is to be made,polish the specimens with 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth. IfNOTE 1Tap dimensions are in inches. All others are in millimetres
39、 (inches).NOTE 2125all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 6 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 6 Chuck for Polishing Test SpecimensNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 7 Horizontal SpecimenNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 8 Vertical SpecimenNOTEAll dimensio
40、ns are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 9 WasherNOTEAll other dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 10 CapD3603074the preliminary grinding has just been completed, stop themotor which rotates the specimen. Otherwise, remove thespecimen from the isooctane (previously used unrusted speci-mens shall
41、be stored in this reagent), dry with a clean cloth, andplace in the chuck.7.7.1 Vertical SpecimenWhen polishing a vertical speci-men, rub a new piece of 240-grit aluminum oxide clothlongitudinally over the static specimen until the entire cylin-drical surface shows visible scratches. Rotate the spec
42、imen ata speed of 1700 to 1800 r/min and polish with a strip of240-grit aluminum oxide cloth by wrapping it halfway aroundthe specimen, and applying a firm but gentle downward pull tothe loose ends of the cloth to produce a uniform finelyscratched surface free from longitudinal scratches. Carry outt
43、he final stages of the polishing with new cloth. Use only thecylindrical surface in evaluating the test. However, the flat endand shoulder adjacent to the threaded shaft should be rust free,not necessarily polished, at the start of the test.7.7.2 Horizontal SpecimenWhen polishing a horizontalspecime
44、n, rub a new piece of 240-grit aluminum oxide clothacross the flat test surface until the entire surface shows visiblestraight scratches. Rotate the specimen at a speed of 1700 to1800 r/min and polish with a strip of 240-grit aluminum oxidecloth by pressing firmly against the cloth with the flat of
45、thethumb and slowly moving it back and forth, across the flatsurface to produce a uniform finely scratched surface free fromstraight scratches. Carry out the final stages of the polishingwith new cloth. Use only the flat surface in evaluating the test.However, the edge and surface adjacent to the sh
46、aft should berust free, not necessarily polished, at the start of the test.7.8 Assembly of SpecimensBefore assembly, clean thefluorocarbon washer and plastic cap with ASTM precipitationnaphtha, isooctane, or 60/80 petroleum spirit, and dry thor-oughly. Attach the cap to the vertical specimen, and at
47、tach thehorizontal specimen to the vertical specimen, separating themwith the fluorocarbon washer.NOTE 8Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of the apparatus.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker in accordance with good laboratoryprocedure (Note 9) cleaning solution, wash with distilled waterto remove the acid c
48、ompletely, and dry in an oven. Clean thestainless steel stirrer and plastic beaker cover and specimenholder assembly with ASTM precipitation naphtha, isooctane,or 60/80 petroleum spirit, and dry thoroughly at room tempera-ture.NOTE 9In cases of dispute the parties to the dispute to agree on aglasswa
49、re cleaning procedure. However the round robin was conductedwith glassware cleaned with chromic acid.8.2 Pour 275 mL of the oil to be tested into the beaker andplace the beaker in the oil bath held at a temperature that willmaintain 60 6 1C (140 6 2F) in the oil sample. Insert thebeaker into a hole in the bath cover so that the beaker issuspended with the rim resting on the bath cover. The oil levelin the bath shall not be below the oil level in the test beaker.Place the polished specimens in the specimen holder with thev
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