1、Designation: D3610 00 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forTotal Cobalt in Alumina-Base Cobalt-Molybdenum Catalystby Potentiometric Titration Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of cobalt(expressed as the oxide) i
3、n fresh cobalt-molybdenum catalyst,in the range of 0.5 to 10 % cobalt oxide.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any associated with its
4、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagent
5、s, and Safety Consid-erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, andRelated MaterialsE173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies ofMethods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn1998)33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample is decomposed by adding water and sulfuricacid and then heat
6、ing until completely dissolved. The coldsolution is diluted with water and transferred to a 250-mLvolumetric flask. An aliquot of this solution containing be-tween 10 and 30 mg of cobalt is transferred to a 250-mL beakercontaining measured volumes of potassium ferricyanide andammonium citrate soluti
7、ons, ammonia, and petroleum ether.The excess of ferricyanide is then back-titrated with a standardcobalt solution.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method sets forth a procedure by whichcatalyst samples may be compared either on an interlaboratoryor intralaboratory basis. It is anticipated that c
8、atalyst producersand users will find this test method to be of value.5. Interferences5.1 None of the elements normally found in fresh cobalt-molybdenum catalysts interferes with this method. (Elementssuch as nickel, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, and molybde-num do not interfere; elements such as ir
9、on, chromium,vanadium, and manganese do interfere).6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance and WeightsThe balance used toweigh the sample shall have a precision of 0.1 mg. Analyticalweights shall be of precision grade or calibrated against a set ofcertified standard weights.6.2 BuretThe 50-mL buret used
10、to deliver the standardpotassium ferricyanide and standard cobalt solutions shall be ofprecision grade and shall be read to 0.01 mL by interpolation.6.3 GlasswareBeakers used in the analysis of the sampleshall be of chemical-resistant glass and free of etched surfaces.Before using, all glassware sha
11、ll be cleaned in hot dilutehydrochloric acid and thoroughly rinsed with water.6.4 Potentiometric Titration ApparatusApparatus No. 3Bof Practices E50, or equivalent.6.5 Hot PlateCapable of maintaining surface temperatureof at least 300C.7. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall b
12、eused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility
13、 of Subcommittee D32.03 on ChemicalComposition.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D361000(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D3610-00R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
14、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1where such specifications are available.4Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless ot
16、herwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D1193, Type IV.7.3 Ammonium Citrate Solution (680 g/L)Dissolve 680 gof diammonium hydrogen citrate (NH4)2HC6H5O7in 750 mLof water and dilute to 1 L.7.4 Ammonium Hydroxide (sp. gr. 0.90)Concentr
17、ated am-monium hydroxide (NH4OH).7.5 Cobalt Standard Solution (1 mL = 1.494 mg of CoO)Dissolve 5.80 g of cobalt nitrate Co(NO3)26H2O in 500 mL ofwater, transfer to a 1-L volumetric flask, dilute to volume, andmix. Since cobalt nitrate may not always be stoichiometric, itscontent may be checked versu
18、s high-purity cobalt metal(99.9 % purity).7.6 Petroleum Ether, b.p. 60 to 110C.7.7 Potassium Ferricyanide Solution (1 mL ; 1.494 mg ofCoO):7.7.1 Dissolve 6.58 g of potassium ferricyanide K3Fe(CN)6in water and dilute to 1 L. Store the solution in a dark-coloredbottle. Standardize the solution just be
19、fore use as follows:Transfer from a 50-mL buret approximately 25 mL ofK3Fe(CN)6solution to a 250-mL beaker. Record the interpo-lated buret reading to the nearest 0.01 mL. Add 25 mL ofammonium citrate solution, 90 mL of concentrated ammonia,and stir. Cool to 5 to 10C and maintain this temperature dur
20、ingthe titration. Cover the solution with a layer of 10 mL ofpetroleum ether. Transfer the beaker to a potentiometric titra-tion apparatus. While stirring, titrate the K3Fe(CN)6solutionwith cobalt standard solution (1 mL = 1.494-mg CoO) using a50-mL buret. Titrate at a fairly rapid rate until the en
21、d point isapproached and then add the titrant in one drop incrementsthrough the end point. After the addition of each increment,record the buret reading and voltage when equilibrium isreached. Estimate the buret reading at the end point to thenearest 0.01 mL by interpolation.7.7.2 Calculate the coba
22、lt oxide equivalent as follows:CoO equivalent, mg/mL 5 X 3 Y!/Z (1)where:X = millilitres of cobalt standard solution required to titratethe potassium ferricyanide solution,Y = milligrams of CoO per millilitre of standard solution,andZ = millilitres of potassium ferricyanide solution.Triplicate value
23、s should be obtained for the cobalt oxideequivalent. The values obtained should check within 1 to 2parts per thousand.7.8 Sulfuric Acid (sp. gr. 1.84)Concentrated sulfuric acid(H2SO4).8. Sample Preparation8.1 Pulverize the analytical sample to pass a No. 100(150-m) sieve. Ignite the pulverized sampl
24、e for 30 min at550C in a muffle furnace. Allow to cool in a desiccator.9. Procedure9.1 Transfer a 4.5-g sample, weighed to the nearest 1 mg, toa 250-mL beaker. Moisten with 25 mL of water, add slowly 40mLof concentrated sulfuric acid, and stir. Cover the beaker andheat, using a hot plate or a Bunsen
25、 burner, until the sample iscompletely decomposed. (Silica, if present, will not dissolve.)Allow to cool and dilute to about 200 mL with distilled water.Allow to cool, transfer into a 250-mL volumetric flask, diluteto volume, and mix.9.2 Prepare in a 250-mL beaker a mixture of the following:25.0 mL
26、of ferricyanide solution measured to the nearest 0.01mL, 25 mL of ammonium citrate solution, and 90 mL ofconcentrated ammonia. Stir the mixture and cover with 10 mLof petroleum ether.9.3 Cool to 5 to 10C, transfer the beaker to a potentiomet-ric titration apparatus, and maintain the 5 to 10C tempera
27、tureduring the titration.9.4 While stirring, transfer, using a pipet, from the 250-mLvolumetric flask an aliquot containing between 10 and 30 mgof CoO.9.5 Using a 50-mL buret, titrate the excess K3Fe(CN)6withthe cobalt solution (1 mL = 1.494-mg CoO) at a fairly rapidrate until the end point is appro
28、ached, and then add the titrantin one-drop increments through the end point.NOTE 1For a successful titration, the sample solution must be addedto the excess K3Fe(CN)6solution and not vice versa.9.6 After the addition of each increment, record the buretreading and voltage when equilibrium is reached.
29、 Estimate theburet reading at the end point to the nearest 0.01-mL interpo-lation.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percentage of cobalt oxide as follows:Cobalt oxide, % 5 AB 2 CD!/E# 3100 (2)where:A = millilitres of standard potassium ferricyanide solution,B = cobalt oxide equivalent of the standar
30、d potassium ferri-cyanide solution,C = millilitres of cobalt standard solution,D = concentration of cobalt standard solution (mg CoO/mL),andE = milligrams of sample used.4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the tes
31、ting of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D3610 00 (2015)211. Precision and Bias511.1 Sev
32、en laboratories participated in supplying data underthe conditions outlined in Practice E173. Statistical datacalculated in accordance with this procedure are presented inTable 1.12. Keywords12.1 alumina-base catalysts; cobalt; molybdenum; potentio-metricASTM International takes no position respecti
33、ng the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This stand
34、ard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internation
35、al Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.T
36、his standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax
37、), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters an
38、d maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D32-1001.TABLE 1 Statistical InformationTest SampleCoOFound,%Repeatability(R1, E173)Reproducibility(R2, E173)1. SN-4318 (nominal 3 % CoO,15 % MoO3)3.72 0.17 % CoO 0.22 % CoO2. SN-4319 (nominal 6 % CoO,12 % MoO3)5.58 0.12 % CoO 0.19 % CoOD3610 00 (2015)3
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