ASTM D3636-2013a Standard Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials《固体电绝缘材料的取样及质量评定的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation:D363613D363613a An American National Standard Standard Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation D3636; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or

2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This practice covers procedures for obtaining data pertaining to the quality o

3、f a lot of electrical insulating material and for making a judgement whether the lot meets the requirements of a material specication. 1.2 This practice is not intended to dene a producers internal quality control procedures but is designed to determine the acceptability of all, or some portion, of

4、a quantity of electrical insulating material that is available for inspection by the user of the material. 1.3 This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with an existing material specication that species property characteristic limits, acceptable quality level (AQL), standard test methods,

5、 and specic sampling instructions. 1.4 Intheabsenceofaspecicationasdescribedin1.3,usethispracticeasaguide,afterestablishmentofagreed-uponproperty characteristics, limits, AQL, standard test methods, and specic sampling instructions. 1.5 It is intended that this be a practice for inspection by attrib

6、utes. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Refer

7、enced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 E300Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals 2.2 Military Standard: MIL-STD-105DMIL-STD-105ESampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes 3 ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, MIL-STD-1916Department of Defense Preferred Methods for Acceptance of Product 2.3 Other Doc

8、ument: ANSI/ASQC A2-1987 4 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 acceptance number, nthemaximumallowablenumberofnonconformitiesforagivenAQLandsamplesize(lot-sample size). 3.1.2 acceptable quality level (AQL), nthe maximum percent nonconforming which, for purposes of sampling inspection, is considered

9、satisfactory as a process average. 3.1.3 critical property, na quantitatively measurable characteristic which is absolutely necessary to be met if a material or product is to provide satisfactory performance for the intended use. 1 ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD09onElectricalandE

10、lectronicInsulatingMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD09.94 on Editorial. Current edition approved January 1, 2013March 1, 2013. Published May 2013June 2013. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as D363611.D363613. DOI: 10.1520/D3636-13.10.1520/D36

11、36-13a. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Do

12、cuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. 4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what

13、changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the

14、official document. *ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 13.1.3.1 Discussion In some situations, specication requirements coincide with customer usage requirem

15、ents. In other situations, they may not coincide, being either more or less stringent. More stringent sampling (for example, smaller AQL values) is usually used for measurement of characteristics which are considered critical. The selection of sampling plans is independent of whether the term defect

16、 or nonconformity is appropriate. 3.1.4 defect, na departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level, or state, that occurs with a severity sufficient to cause an associated product or service not to satisfy intended normal, or reasonably foreseeable, usage requirements. 3.1.4.1 Discussi

17、on Thetermsdefectandnonconformityandtheirderivativesareusedsomewhatinterchangeablyinthehistoricalandcurrentliterature. Nonconformity objectively describes the comparison of test results to specication requirements, while the term defect has a connotation of predicting the failure of a product or ser

18、vice to perform its intended function in use. Since this latter connotation is often unintended, the term nonconformity is preferred in full consensus standards. The selection of any sample plan is independent of whether the term defect or nonconformity is appropriate. The term defect may be appropr

19、iate for specications mutually agreed upon by a producer and a user where specic use conditions are clearly understood. Even in these cases however, use the term defect with caution and consider substituting the term nonconformity. For additional comments, see ANSI/ASQC A2-1987 that also states: Whe

20、n a quality characteristic of a product or service is evaluated in terms of conformance to specication requirements, the use of the term nonconformity is appropriate. 3.1.5 group AQLthe AQL assigned to a group of material properties. 3.1.5.1 Discussion See 5.2 for additional information about the me

21、aning of AQL. 3.1.6 lot,nanentityofelectricalinsulatingmaterialorproductwhich,insofarasispracticable,consistsofasingletype,grade, class, size, or composition that was manufactured under essentially the same conditions and is available to the user for sampling at one time. 3.1.7 lot number, nthe numb

22、er used by a producer to identify an entity of electrical insulating material or product. 3.1.8 major property, na quantitatively measurable characteristic which, if not met, is likely to seriously impair the performance of a material or product for the intended use. 3.1.8.1 Discussion In some situa

23、tions, specication requirements coincide with customer usage requirements. In other situations, they may not coincide, being either more or less stringent. More stringent sampling (for example, smaller AQL values) is usually used for measurement of characteristics that are considered important.The s

24、election of sampling plans is independent of whether the term defect or nonconformity is appropriate. 3.1.9 minor property, na characteristic which, if not met, is not likely to materially reduce the performance of a material or product for the intended use. 3.1.9.1 Discussion In some situations, sp

25、ecication requirements coincide with customer usage requirements. In other situations, they may not coincide, being either more or less stringent. More stringent sampling (for example, smaller AQL values) is usually used for measurement of characteristics that are considered important.The selection

26、of sampling plans is independent of whether the term defect or nonconformity is appropriate. 3.1.10 nonconforming unit, na unit of product containing at least one nonconformity. 3.1.11 nonconformities per hundred units, na calculated ratio of nonconforming units to the number of units inspected, the

27、 quotient being multiplied by 100 (See 3.1.13.) 3.1.12 nonconformity, na departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level or state that occurs with a severity sufficient to cause a test result not to meet a specication requirement. 3.1.13 percentnonconforming,nacalculatedratioofnonconfo

28、rmingunitstothenumberofunitsinspected,thequotientbeing multiplied by 100. D363613a 23.1.14 rejection number, ntheminimumnumberofnonconformitiesforagivenAQLandsamplesize(lot-samplesize)which will subject a lot to rejection. 3.1.15 sample, none or more units of product taken from a lot without regard

29、to the quality of the unit. (Also often termed lot sample). 3.1.16 sample size, nthe number of units of product taken to make up the sample. 3.1.16.1 Discussion This standard uses only lot sample sizes and not lot sizes since the discriminatory power of any sampling plan is independent essentially o

30、f the size of the lot. The sample size selected by the user for a given acceptable quality level (AQL) is optional depending upon the degree of protection desired by the user against the acceptance of nonconforming lots. 3.1.17 test measurement, naquantitativeexpressionofonevaluedeterminedforaproper

31、tyofinterestbyasingleapplication of a specied test procedure. 3.1.18 test result, nthe value that expresses the level of a property of the test unit. 3.1.18.1 Discussion A test result is sometimes a single test measurement but usually a test result is computed from several test measurements. 3.1.19

32、test specimen, na portion of a test unit upon which one or more test measurements are made. 3.1.20 test unit, na fraction of a unit of product from which one or more test specimens are taken for each property. 3.1.20.1 Discussion If the unit of product is of insufficient size to meet the requirement

33、s of a testing method: (1) sample adjacent units of product and aggregateunitsofproductforthetestunitor,(2)obtainatestunitofsufficientsize,andrepresentativeoftheunitofproduct,from the producer. 3.1.21 unit of product, nan entity of electrical insulating material or product for inspection to determin

34、e its classication as conforming or non-conforming. 3.1.21.1 Discussion Aunitofproductisestablishedbytheuserandmayormaynotbethesameasaunitofpurchase,supply,production,orshipment. Some examples of a unit of product are: Bag Case Reel Barrel Container Roll Bin Cop Sheet Bobbin Drum Skid Box Length Spo

35、ol Bundle Pad Tank Car Pail Tank compartment Carton Pallet Truckload 4. Summary of Practice 4.1 Instructions are given for obtaining a sample from which specimens are then taken for testing. The test data are compared to the material specication and a judgement is then made as to whether the materia

36、l meets the requirements of said material specication. 4.2 This practice has been modeled after MIL-STD-105D.MIL-STD-105E. 4.3 In those cases where MIL-STD-105E is determined to be unacceptable for a specic application or purpose and a form of C=0 sampling is required instead, it is permissible to a

37、lternatively applyANSI/ASQ Z1.4, MIL-STD-1916, or a similar sampling plan. 5. Procedure 5.1 General Considerations: 5.1.1 Assemble the lot of electrical insulating material so that a lot sample is obtained in a manner that will minimize bias in theselectionoftheunitsofproductthatwillbeinspected.Asch

38、emethatoffersagoodchanceofminimizingbiasistheassignment ofnumberstoeachunitofproductandthenusingatableofrandomnumberstoselectthoseunitsofproductfromwhichtestunits are taken. D363613a 35.1.2 Foralotofelectricalinsulatingmaterialthatisinbulkform(forexample,atankcarofpowderedresin)takethelotsample from

39、 the unit of product in accordance with Practice E300. 5.1.3 Take the material to be removed from any unit of product in a random manner. When it is impracticable to meet this requirement (for example, in the case of long lengths of material wound onto rolls or large, thick, heavy sheets packed on p

40、allets orskids),economywilldictatetheremovalofmaterialfromtheendofaroll,orthetopofapile,etc.inwhichcasestheselection cannot be described as random. 5.1.4 Take the necessary amount of material from the test unit so as to meet the specimen requirements of the various test methods that will be used to

41、evaluate the material. 5.1.5 Refertothematerialspecicationfortheallowablemaximumelapsedtimebetweentheassemblyofthelotforinspection and the disposition of the lot. If the material specication (or other pertinent document) does not cover this matter, the maximum allowable time is 30 calendar days. 5.1

42、.6 Exercise care to protect the electrical insulating material contained in the test unit from which specimens are to be prepared.An example of this protection is packaging in metal foil or glass containers so as to prevent or minimize contamination of the material from the effects of the environmen

43、t to which such material is subjected between sampling and testing. 5.1.7 Test units assembled as described above shall be deemed to be representative of the lot of material being inspected. Dispositionofthelot,orportionsthereofwillbebaseduponthedatageneratedfromthesetestunitsunlessotherwiseagreedup

44、on between the user and the producer. 5.2 Establishing Acceptable Quality Levels: 5.2.1 Acceptable quality levels (AQLs) for each critical, major, and minor property shall be as mutually agreed upon by the producer and the user. It is also acceptable to establish group AQLs for given groups of prope

45、rties. Disclose these AQLs in a purchase order, material specication, or in some other document. This standard is not intended to impose limits upon the risks acceptable to either the user or the producer. 5.2.2 When a user designates some specic value of AQL for a single nonconformity, it indicates

46、 that the users acceptance sampling plan will accept the great majority of the lots submitted by the producer if the process average level of percent nonconforming in the lots is no greater than the designated value ofAQL. The preceding statement is also true for a groupAQL value designated for a gr

47、oup of nonconformities. 5.2.2.1 The sampling plans of this standard are so arranged that the probability of acceptance, at the designated AQL value, dependsuponthesamplesize.ForagivenAQL,theprobabilityofacceptancewillbegenerallyhigherforlargesamplesizesthan for small sample sizes. TheAQLalone does n

48、ot describe the user protection for individual lots, but more directly relates to what ausermightexpectfromaseriesoflots.Refertotheoperatingcharacteristiccurvetodeterminewhatprotectiontheuserwillhave for a specic AQL. 5.2.3 The designation of anAQLshall not imply that a producer has the right to kno

49、wingly supply any nonconforming unit of product. 5.2.4 The values ofAQL listed in the accompanying tables (see Section Appendix X1) are known as preferredAQLs. If any AQL is designated other than a preferred AQL, these tables are not applicable. 5.3 Sampling Plan Selection: 5.3.1 Use the designatedAQLand the sample size code letter from Table 1 to select a sampling plan from Tables 2-22. When no sampling plan is available for a given combination ofAQLand code letter, the table directs the user to a different code l