ASTM D3665-2012(2017) Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials《建筑材料随机取样的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D3665 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forRandom Sampling of Construction Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of random loca-tions (or timing) at which samples of construction materialscan be taken.

3、For the exact physical procedures for securing thesample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the numberof increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample,reference should be made to the appropriate standard method.The selection procedures in Section 6 utilize the table offour-digi

4、t numbers given in Table 1.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulato

5、ry limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organ

6、ization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD34

7、5 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Calcium Chlo-ride for Roads and Structural ApplicationsD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-tures for Laboratory TestingE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Cal

8、culating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability Sampling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 representative sample, n(1) a rando

9、m sample; or (2)an unbiased sample.3.1.1.1 random sample, na sample obtained from a lot ofmaterial in such a manner that all parts of the lot have a knownprobability of being included in the sample.3.1.1.1 DiscussionAn example of random sample is thecase where specifications limit roadway sampling t

10、o within onefoot of the edge, therefore the probability of inclusion ofsamples within one foot of the edge is zero.3.1.1.2 unbiased sample, na sample obtained from a lot ofmaterial in such a manner that all parts of the lot have an equalprobability of being included in the sample.4. Significance and

11、 Use4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location ortime, or both, to take a sample in order to minimize anyunintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample.NOTE 1The effectiveness of this practice in achieving randomsamples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the us

12、er in followingthe stipulated procedures.4.2 The selection procedures and examples in this standardprovide a practical approach for ensuring that constructionmaterial samples are obtained in a random manner. Additionaldetails concerning the number of sample increments, thenumber of samples, the quan

13、tities of material in each, and theprocedures for extracting sample increments or samples fromthe construction lot or process are contained in Practices C172,C183, D75, D140, D979, D5361, and Test Method D345.4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and pavingmaterials. The concepts outlined

14、herein are applicable to therandom sampling of any construction material and can easilybe adapted thereto.4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in PracticeE105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E122 concern-ing choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality of a1This practice i

15、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3665 12. DOI:

16、10.1520/D3665-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

17、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommenda

18、tions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1lot or process (see Note 2), and in Practice E141 for acceptanceof evidence based on results of probability sampling.NOTE 2The guidance contained in Practice E122 is not available inother documents referenced i

19、n this section.4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring thatsamples of construction materials include the full range of aconstruction process is by incorporating a stratified randomsampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement astratified random sampling procedure, divide the

20、 lot to besampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomlysample each sublot in accordance with this standard.NOTE 3If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary toweigh the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible samplingprocess.TABLE 1 Table of Random Numb

21、ersColumnRow1234567891011213141516171819201 0.0356 0.8697 0.2205 0.4538 0.8827 0.4225 0.4008 0.4615 0.7901 0.6500 0.3838 0.6723 0.3978 0.8775 0.5588 0.8829 0.8980 0.3108 0.8204 0.58092 0.8580 0.2990 0.4644 0.4871 0.8163 0.9263 0.4562 0.6337 0.3934 0.4141 0.9521 0.2879 0.6361 0.2021 0.7589 0.1870 0.9

22、183 0.6149 0.4569 0.03783 0.8868 0.7446 0.6652 0.8173 0.4798 0.0117 0.3324 0.0097 0.6668 0.0963 0.0875 0.8582 0.7717 0.2669 0.0231 0.3648 0.2685 0.9928 0.9793 0.44114 0.7940 0.9892 0.5329 0.1233 0.0121 0.1633 0.2466 0.6142 0.3381 0.0445 0.3771 0.5309 0.9193 0.6072 0.1577 0.4387 0.7038 0.8757 0.2657

23、0.30065 0.0305 0.8423 0.6766 0.4190 0.2374 0.8753 0.4063 0.3408 0.9021 0.9039 0.5236 0.8083 0.3872 0.6830 0.8937 0.1957 0.8938 0.5609 0.7841 0.90786 0.1990 0.1379 0.1276 0.8425 0.7700 0.0468 0.4882 0.7197 0.6832 0.7265 0.1392 0.4944 0.1193 0.2191 0.9428 0.0598 0.1253 0.0438 0.2364 0.82837 0.7772 0.5

24、641 0.3472 0.7382 0.3921 0.6947 0.1795 0.8053 0.3994 0.8987 0.9821 0.3976 0.9681 0.0133 0.4219 0.2847 0.6499 0.7325 0.2250 0.71638 0.8062 0.3416 0.7687 0.1519 0.3264 0.6758 0.9357 0.1854 0.4155 0.1200 0.6862 0.9827 0.8000 0.5474 0.6931 0.0730 0.7022 0.4352 0.8045 0.93089 0.0653 0.1296 0.4614 0.5070

25、0.1989 0.9625 0.9050 0.9109 0.3074 0.0470 0.8219 0.9812 0.8277 0.3898 0.1725 0.6658 0.2857 0.7811 0.1973 0.114410 0.4181 0.4971 0.3942 0.4448 0.2319 0.5155 0.9658 0.1595 0.1979 0.3377 0.2642 0.3430 0.0945 0.2011 0.5689 0.1731 0.4044 0.3248 0.2343 0.794811 0.9174 0.0714 0.3789 0.6153 0.5821 0.9347 0.

26、5790 0.4254 0.8405 0.8805 0.5125 0.1703 0.5123 0.9250 0.5521 0.2550 0.6623 0.5314 0.3974 0.861212 0.3636 0.0533 0.7853 0.8393 0.2079 0.6486 0.7869 0.2127 0.2143 0.8966 0.2007 0.7918 0.5869 0.1063 0.8177 0.7662 0.8717 0.6379 0.8377 0.119913 0.5300 0.7917 0.4838 0.5933 0.1910 0.7645 0.3495 0.6484 0.96

27、02 0.4602 0.1401 0.5121 0.4541 0.9585 0.7676 0.3336 0.9076 0.2465 0.8121 0.718614 0.2863 0.9575 0.2481 0.0518 0.1765 0.9679 0.1299 0.9131 0.3051 0.7447 0.3026 0.2638 0.8831 0.6835 0.9893 0.9380 0.2478 0.8369 0.8063 0.309415 0.0919 0.8835 0.1516 0.0738 0.7219 0.3144 0.1118 0.5779 0.3448 0.8988 0.4771

28、 0.3194 0.5435 0.7660 0.2173 0.7613 0.7741 0.6532 0.7655 0.531916 0.2116 0.7835 0.9001 0.3824 0.2247 0.0826 0.5451 0.8301 0.6777 0.5574 0.1168 0.6111 0.6003 0.3233 0.1176 0.7856 0.7148 0.2957 0.5507 0.795617 0.5583 0.4657 0.9500 0.9321 0.7194 0.0313 0.1899 0.5829 0.9650 0.6273 0.6164 0.0801 0.8359 0

29、.6847 0.2880 0.9049 0.7390 0.6729 0.5807 0.415218 0.3455 0.6793 0.5516 0.6413 0.0806 0.9489 0.2105 0.5373 0.5276 0.7742 0.6070 0.1399 0.4579 0.5358 0.8796 0.3889 0.9118 0.6181 0.3749 0.113619 0.9809 0.1277 0.2121 0.6564 0.8096 0.1339 0.1651 0.8728 0.5060 0.2562 0.0575 0.4796 0.1025 0.8165 0.4659 0.6

30、653 0.2532 0.6848 0.5896 0.697820 0.3544 0.3332 0.1076 0.9623 0.9570 0.9005 0.7518 0.2124 0.7816 0.0524 0.3852 0.2564 0.3572 0.2538 0.2743 0.2239 0.2928 0.4689 0.6561 0.552521 0.3107 0.4720 0.8457 0.7880 0.3941 0.8184 0.7261 0.8509 0.8218 0.6054 0.2363 0.3096 0.9851 0.6575 0.3180 0.2515 0.0205 0.455

31、1 0.9801 0.442222 0.3105 0.8302 0.4188 0.3404 0.6603 0.8052 0.7317 0.0376 0.4959 0.8992 0.4175 0.1798 0.6674 0.0772 0.9646 0.1547 0.9817 0.3133 0.9012 0.055523 0.2795 0.5932 0.5858 0.6159 0.3832 0.7783 0.5636 0.6465 0.0149 0.0369 0.7373 0.5268 0.1544 0.0465 0.9359 0.5398 0.4154 0.6665 0.5770 0.79762

32、4 0.1222 0.4230 0.9137 0.6906 0.6160 0.5612 0.2425 0.9598 0.2475 0.1652 0.2774 0.4059 0.7871 0.4323 0.2282 0.7970 0.1964 0.8050 0.5935 0.685225 0.3933 0.4639 0.9741 0.9616 0.5343 0.6853 0.0568 0.0109 0.5199 0.2707 0.7138 0.4932 0.4308 0.1584 0.0059 0.0467 0.8550 0.7407 0.3616 0.841826 0.6375 0.9508

33、0.6063 0.6271 0.0392 0.9462 0.7996 0.9033 0.8493 0.5789 0.3668 0.9685 0.3273 0.9763 0.7681 0.3785 0.3716 0.6096 0.5991 0.497727 0.8828 0.8225 0.7213 0.8026 0.9042 0.2941 0.4287 0.6298 0.3062 0.4836 0.1267 0.3965 0.5990 0.4737 0.1563 0.8610 0.2998 0.1816 0.4540 0.160828 0.4528 0.0677 0.9607 0.6735 0.

34、7048 0.3927 0.6913 0.3480 0.7553 0.4496 0.4527 0.3829 0.3461 0.4393 0.0062 0.9974 0.3989 0.2966 0.0273 0.267229 0.8241 0.9913 0.6051 0.1978 0.7680 0.0890 0.9716 0.5439 0.2246 0.5703 0.5120 0.7354 0.6625 0.2479 0.4592 0.3497 0.7953 0.2891 0.1571 0.441530 0.7673 0.7565 0.8132 0.3048 0.7381 0.1866 0.38

35、11 0.1395 0.9473 0.4633 0.2630 0.0805 0.5110 0.5886 0.6523 0.8708 0.1482 0.9179 0.7410 0.180031 0.1455 0.2822 0.5090 0.0486 0.1449 0.3154 0.6839 0.6125 0.2583 0.0908 0.4781 0.4029 0.3166 0.9201 0.9360 0.1265 0.6174 0.4998 0.7994 0.443132 0.5559 0.4417 0.9958 0.1375 0.3938 0.3579 0.3056 0.4888 0.9534

36、 0.5698 0.4302 0.1562 0.3409 0.4339 0.5964 0.1856 0.9748 0.8212 0.8917 0.611433 0.3869 0.0389 0.8325 0.1481 0.9486 0.4295 0.2151 0.9310 0.6474 0.4319 0.8648 0.1625 0.7669 0.1420 0.1235 0.7456 0.4629 0.8687 0.8111 0.284834 0.6846 0.5393 0.5101 0.6459 0.3384 0.7169 0.7646 0.5726 0.7334 0.8675 0.5246 0

37、.5501 0.7638 0.0602 0.5551 0.7096 0.8306 0.1124 0.9806 0.826135 0.7412 0.1670 0.9434 0.5619 0.7958 0.7664 0.5776 0.7392 0.8174 0.2921 0.4320 0.4198 0.4405 0.8766 0.5255 0.6235 0.2760 0.8997 0.3319 0.830536 0.2962 0.8959 0.1923 0.2913 0.3496 0.7490 0.3268 0.6689 0.5693 0.6985 0.8471 0.3621 0.2606 0.9

38、251 0.4396 0.9781 0.9281 0.4138 0.5440 0.400337 0.5891 0.2476 0.5682 0.7971 0.7684 0.7739 0.9110 0.5279 0.2185 0.2267 0.5786 0.5259 0.6820 0.5864 0.8436 0.2467 0.2174 0.1038 0.3551 0.079038 0.6755 0.6776 0.0063 0.7536 0.4472 0.7270 0.6630 0.7563 0.9819 0.7059 0.4127 0.5392 0.2353 0.2671 0.2581 0.431

39、3 0.1492 0.7071 0.4245 0.525639 0.0304 0.3065 0.7253 0.5462 0.4887 0.9677 0.0836 0.7073 0.6673 0.8901 0.6168 0.1682 0.6479 0.5838 0.9895 0.9052 0.8041 0.3085 0.7294 0.543040 0.1217 0.6469 0.1386 0.6736 0.8927 0.8188 0.3325 0.1298 0.1470 0.9798 0.4001 0.5649 0.4773 0.1993 0.5547 0.3928 0.1065 0.4847

40、0.7819 0.395241 0.7083 0.2750 0.5020 0.2919 0.1907 0.9975 0.1699 0.1580 0.2987 0.2015 0.4603 0.0733 0.8926 0.1103 0.1701 0.5732 0.7292 0.1786 0.8474 0.993242 0.0138 0.7882 0.5022 0.1523 0.0226 0.4346 0.6656 0.1293 0.6284 0.5922 0.2738 0.5046 0.0043 0.3289 0.6412 0.5496 0.0359 0.8640 0.7372 0.014543

41、0.9341 0.1961 0.2243 0.5299 0.3272 0.0774 0.3768 0.3298 0.3886 0.4275 0.0606 0.7166 0.3356 0.5960 0.3007 0.0351 0.9280 0.7488 0.5522 0.103244 0.8614 0.7227 0.3796 0.7818 0.6428 0.7740 0.6341 0.5229 0.2931 0.3303 0.8021 0.4166 0.0175 0.0163 0.1924 0.0722 0.0368 0.3633 0.9159 0.693045 0.5385 0.5289 0.

42、9784 0.8562 0.5176 0.7345 0.9587 0.0743 0.6001 0.0235 0.5561 0.3000 0.6912 0.5096 0.0435 0.5320 0.2085 0.1597 0.4799 0.517146 0.5979 0.6094 0.0863 0.2458 0.9090 0.2937 0.8195 0.1778 0.1189 0.6117 0.6220 0.7426 0.8556 0.4642 0.7908 0.4669 0.5250 0.5791 0.6536 0.234947 0.9057 0.1826 0.2980 1.0000 0.62

43、81 0.9134 0.7457 0.4114 0.1380 0.8544 0.9832 0.2391 0.3897 0.6078 0.5774 0.8249 0.3363 0.7580 0.3101 0.829048 0.4315 0.5204 0.7018 0.5839 0.8344 0.3552 0.3506 0.2907 0.2367 0.7180 0.4895 0.7000 0.3876 0.6223 0.8169 0.7256 0.5919 0.1493 0.6872 0.616649 0.3747 0.3067 0.5837 0.3798 0.2122 0.1231 0.7528

44、 0.5004 0.8587 0.2019 0.5503 0.8136 0.2197 0.3593 0.9098 0.6697 0.8790 0.9954 0.8384 0.261650 0.2108 0.5876 0.3779 0.3313 0.9510 0.7574 0.7844 0.0986 0.9460 0.8196 0.6916 0.3286 0.4119 0.1974 0.4312 0.7993 0.5471 0.0599 0.7504 0.155051 0.2546 0.6608 0.5509 0.3473 0.5846 0.8948 0.2115 0.3412 0.1180 0

45、.0740 0.9903 0.9390 0.3151 0.6119 0.5192 0.2134 0.3132 0.5544 0.9249 0.424652 0.8546 0.5976 0.4030 0.6020 0.4150 0.1462 0.3160 0.2477 0.9297 0.7111 0.7067 0.7858 0.5707 0.0520 0.1583 0.2253 0.7338 0.5280 0.2334 0.0896D3665 12 (2017)2TABLE 1 ContinuedColumnRow12345678910112131415161718192053 0.3835 0

46、.8346 0.1555 0.9635 0.5912 0.5211 0.2264 0.1373 0.6416 0.2488 0.5816 0.8532 0.9682 0.1575 0.2873 0.8617 0.8485 0.2526 0.5128 0.178254 0.3164 0.9559 0.6894 0.3290 0.0857 0.1933 0.3185 0.0699 0.0431 0.2781 0.6186 0.0907 0.5089 0.1892 0.2572 0.9905 0.0665 0.1066 0.9961 0.993055 0.3130 0.1475 0.9099 0.8

47、060 0.0338 0.0625 0.0549 0.7349 0.3866 0.1752 0.5421 0.3931 0.6343 0.7156 0.8422 0.6514 0.7890 0.2924 0.1809 0.269256 0.7911 0.5716 0.0373 0.5861 0.1039 0.6798 0.8594 0.8317 0.0354 0.9736 0.8922 0.1227 0.5902 0.0797 0.7425 0.5556 0.2123 0.5029 0.1628 0.486957 0.9198 0.5400 0.0666 0.5460 0.4048 0.611

48、2 0.4347 0.4186 0.9478 0.2586 0.9874 0.3600 0.0458 0.6272 0.1150 0.8650 0.4912 0.7474 0.5485 0.570258 0.8727 0.2502 0.4855 0.8685 0.4243 0.0791 0.4340 0.3848 0.9395 0.5653 0.0472 0.2773 0.5950 0.7770 0.2336 0.3219 0.4946 0.2358 0.0136 0.033059 0.7465 0.3035 0.9044 0.4627 0.0384 0.1256 0.9422 0.5983

49、0.0072 0.1259 0.0720 0.9546 0.0802 0.9629 0.8070 0.5780 0.2286 0.7404 0.7060 0.582660 0.4104 0.6921 0.0984 0.2920 0.0793 0.4349 0.4265 0.1730 0.0200 0.6064 0.1326 0.3555 0.9144 0.9922 0.7804 0.9459 0.1830 0.6811 0.4276 0.131661 0.1097 0.5659 0.6392 0.7802 0.6662 0.9464 0.3442 0.5566 0.8280 0.3671 0.7720 0.2833 0.3675 0.5129 0.0057 0.6463 0.6825 0.9235 0.6927 0.899962 0.6980 0.2260 0.4972 0.5389 0.6865 0.8203 0.1190 0.7523 0.7272 0.8088 0.2812 0.5218 0.1928 0.5062 0.5475 0.7935 0.9849 0.9666 0.1818 0.513163 0.2575 0.4500 0.9663 0.5629 0.8838 0.9085 0.5323 0.9553 0.3917 0.3432