1、Designation: D3675 16D3675 17Standard Test Method forSurface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using aRadiant Heat Energy Source1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a fire test response standard.1.2 This test method describes the measurement of su
3、rface flammability of flexible cellular materials.1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlledconditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materia
4、ls, products,or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
5、 of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The valu
6、es stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, arefor information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10).1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standar
7、dizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristic
8、s of Building MaterialsE162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE1317 Test Method for Flammability of Marine Surface FinishesE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread PropertiesE1546 Guide fo
9、r Development of Fire-Hazard-Assessment StandardsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to the t
10、erminology contained in Terminology E176 and ISO 13943.In case of conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edi
11、tion approved May 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published May 2016June 2017. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as D3675 14. 16. DOI: 10.1520/D3675-16.10.1520/D3675-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at s
12、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56, CH-1211; Geneva 20, Switzerland.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only t
13、o provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versiono
14、f the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 flame front, nthe leading edge of a f
15、lame propagating through a gaseous mixture or across the surface of a liquid or solid.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flashing, nflame fronts of three seconds or less in duration.3.2.2 radiant panel index, Is, nthe product of the flame spread factor, F s and the heat evoluti
16、on factor, Q.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method of measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials employs a radiant panel heat sourceconsisting of a 300 by 460-mm (12 by 18-in.) panel in front of which an inclined 150 by 460-mm (6 by 18-in.) specimen of thematerial is place
17、d. The orientation of the specimen is such that ignition is forced near its upper edge and the flame front progressesdownward.4.2 Factors derived from the rate of progress of the flame front and the rate of heat liberated by the material under test arecombined to provide a radiant panel index.5. Sig
18、nificance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed to fire. Thetest method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposedto a prescribed level of rad
19、iant heat energy. The test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the extent possible,of the material or assembly being evaluated. For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such specimens shall replicatethe type and thickness of all the layers present in the assembly be
20、ing evaluated.5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfaces depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the material,product, or assembly under test, the specimen mounting method and orientation, the type and level of fire or heat exposure, theavailability of air, and properties of
21、 the surrounding enclosure. (1-6)4, 55.3 Test Method E162 is a generic version of this test method, using an apparatus that is substantially the same as the one usedin this test method. However, Test Method E162 is normally intended for application to specimens other than flexible cellularmaterials.
22、5.3.1 The pilot burner in this test method is different from the pilot burner in Test Method E162.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it
23、is not always possible by or from this test to predict changesin the fire-test-response characteristics measured.Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions describedin this procedure.5.5 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered as part of
24、 an overall assessment of fire hazard in a buildingor structure, then the criteria, concepts and procedures incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consideration.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall be essentially as shown in Fig. 1 and shall include the following:6.1.1 Radiant Panel with A
25、ir and Gas SupplyThe radiant panel shall consist of a porous refractory material vertically mountedin a cast iron frame, exposing a radiating surface of 300 by 460 mm (12 by 18 in.) and shall be capable of operating at temperaturesup to 820C (1500F). The panel shall be equipped (see Fig. 1) with a v
26、enturi-type aspirator for mixing gas and air atapproximately atmospheric pressure; a centrifugal blower, or equivalent, capable of providing 9.4 dm3/s (1200 ft3/hour) air at apressure of 0.7 kPa (2.8 in. water); an air filter to prevent dust from obstructing the panel pores; a pressure regulator and
27、 a controland shut-off valve for the gas supply.6.1.2 Specimen HolderThe specimen holder shall conform in shape and dimension to Fig. 2 and be constructed fromheat-resistant chromium steel, or other suitable non-combustible material which will not be affected by the heat input during thetest. Observ
28、ation marks shall be filed on the surface of the specimen holder to correspond with 75-mm (3-in.) interval lines on thespecimen.6.1.2.1 The calibration process (see A1.2) shall be conducted with the specimen holder to be used in the tests to ensure that thephysical characteristics of the constructio
29、n material do not affect the test results.6.1.3 Framework for Support of the Specimen HolderThe framework shall have two transverse rods of stainless steel, each12.5 mm 6 3.0 mm (0.5 6 0.13 in.) in diameter, with a stop to center the specimen holder directly in front of the radiant panel.The support
30、 and bracing members shall be constructed from metal stock. Since the angle of the specimen and its position withrespect to the panel are critical, the framework dimensions specifying these conditions shall be within 3.0 mm (0.13 in.) of thevalues given in Fig. 1.4 The boldface numbers in parenthese
31、s refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.5 Also see Test Method E162.D3675 1726.1.4 Pilot BurnerThe pilot burner shall be a porcelain tube 203-230 mm (8-9 in.) in length, nominally 6.3 mm (0.25 in.) indiameter, with two holes 1.5 6 0.1 mm (0.059 6 0.004 in.) in diameter equally sp
32、aced in the tube (see Fig. 3). The burner shallbe mounted horizontally and at an angle of 15 to 20 to the intersection of the horizontal plane of the burner with the plane of thespecimen with the outlet end of the burner spaced 32 6 2 mm (1.25 6 0.1 in.) from the specimen (see Fig. 3). The pilot sha
33、llprovide a 150 to 180-mm (6 to 7-in.) flame of acetylene gas premixed with air in an aspirating type fitting. Properly adjusted, thepilot flame shall have 25-mm (1-in.) inner blue cones and should impinge on the upper central surface of the specimen within 13Metric Equivalentsmm in. mm in.1.0 0.040
34、 152 612.7 12 241 9 1216.0 58 457 1822.2 78 492 19 3844 1 34 19.1 by 19. 34 by 3451 2 38 by 32 1 12 by 1 1464 2 12 305 by 457 12 by 1871 2.8 330 by 483 13 by 19102 4 51 by 51 by 3.2 2 by 2 by 18111 4 38 1.3 by 514 by 914 0.050 by 20 14 by 36121 4 34100 cfm 47.21 litres/sFIG. 1 Details of Constructio
35、n of Test EquipmentD3675 173mm (0.5 in.) of the edge of the specimen support frame. Flow rates of 0.015 dm3/s (0.032 ft3/min) of acetylene and 0.075 dm3/s(0.16 ft3/min) of air have been found to provide the desired flame.6.1.5 StackThe stack shall be made from nominally 1.0-mm (0.040-in.) sheet stee
36、l with shape and dimensions as shown inFig. 1. The position of the stack with respect to the specimen and radiant heat panel shall also comply with the requirements ofFig. 1.6.1.6 ThermocouplesEight thermocouples of equal resistance and connected in parallel shall be mounted in the stack andsupporte
37、d with porcelain insulators as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4. The thermocouples shall be Chromel-Alumel Type K, shieldedagainst high heat with insulation resisting up to 1200C (2190F), and with wire gages in the range of 0.36-0.51 mm (0.14-0.20in.) (30 AWG-24 AWG) diameter. The mean stack thermocou
38、ple temperature rise for unit heat input rate of the calibration burner, shall be determined periodically for the specific test apparatus, using the procedure in A1.2.6.1.7 Automatic Potentiometer RecorderAn automatic potentiometer recorder in the range from 38 to 538C (100 to 1000F)shall be install
39、ed to record the temperature variation of the stack thermocouples as described in 6.1.6.Alternatively, a computerizeddata acquisition system shall be permitted to be used. The data acquisition system shall have facilities to record the temperatureoutput from the thermopile. The data acquisition syst
40、em shall have an accuracy of 0.01 % of the maximum temperature to bemeasured. Whichever system is used, it shall be capable of recording, or printing, data at least every 5 s for a minimum of 1 h.For cases where preliminary tests indicate rapid flame spread, a system shall be used capable of acquiri
41、ng data fast enough toensure adequate results (see 11.6).Metric Equivalentsmm in. mm in.19.0 34 159 6 1425 1 433 17 5832 1 14 460 18 1876 3 1.6 by 19 by 533 116 by 34 by 21133 5 14FIG. 2 Specimen HolderD3675 1746.1.8 HoodAhood with exhaust blower placed over the stack is required. Before igniting th
42、e panel, but with the exhaust hoodoperating, the air flow rate through the stack shall produce a nominal velocity of 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min, 30 m/min). Measurementsare to be made either with a hot wire anemometer after at least 30 seconds of insertion of the probe into the center of the stackat a dista
43、nce of 152 mm (6 in.) down from the top of the stack opening, or with a bi-directional probe or similar device at the topof the stack opening. The hot wire anemometer, bi-directional probe or similar device, shall have an accuracy of 60.1 m/s (19ft/min).6.1.8.1 In order to facilitate the insertion o
44、f the hot wire anemometer probe, a hole of adequate diameter to allow its insertionshall be pre-drilled through the hood, in the center of either of the 152 mm (6 in.) wide surfaces, so as to prevent contact of theprobe with the internal baffles. The hole is intended to be used for insertion of the
45、probe and shall be plugged after the air flowrate has been established and before testing.6.1.8.2 The velocity is not critical for flame spread measurements provided a stack thermocouple calibration is performed (see6.1.6 and A1.2) for the established test conditions. The hood surfaces shall clear t
46、he top and sides of the stack by a minimum of250 mm (10 in.) and 190 mm (7.5 in.), respectively.6.1.8.3 Testing has shown that the air flow rate through the stack, if measured during operating conditions using a bi-directionalprobe or similar device, produces a velocity of approximately 1.3 m/s (250
47、 ft/min).6.1.9 Radiation PyrometerThe radiation pyrometer for standardizing the thermal output of the panel shall be suitable forviewing a circular area 250 mm (10 in.) in diameter at a range of about 1.2 m (4 ft). It shall be calibrated over the operating blackbody temperature range in accordance w
48、ith the procedure described in Annex A1.6.1.10 Portable PotentiometerThe electrical output of the radiation pyrometer shall be monitored by means of a potentiometerprovided with a millivolt range suitable for use with the radiation pyrometer described in 6.1.9. Alternatively, the data shall bepermit
49、ted to be recorded with a computerized data acquisition unit, as discussed in 6.1.7.6.1.11 TimerThe timer shall be calibrated to read to 0.01 min to record the time of events during the test.7. Hazards7.1 Safeguards shall be installed in the panel fuel supply system to guard against a gas air fuel explosion in the test chamber.Potential safeguards include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a gas feed cut-off activated when the air supplyfails; a flame sensor directed at the panel surface that stops fuel flow w
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