1、Designation: D3685/D3685M 98 (Reapproved 2005)D3685/D3685M 13Standard Test Methods forSampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in StackGases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3685/D3685M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe procedures to determine the mass emission rate
3、s of particulate matter and collected residue ingaseous streams by in-stack test methods (Test Method A) or out-of-stack test methods (Test Method B).1.2 These test methods are suitable for measuring particulate matter and collected residue concentrations.1.3 These test methods include a description
4、 of equipment and procedures to be used for obtaining samples from effluent ductsand stacks, a description of equipment and procedures for laboratory analysis, and a description of procedures for calculatingresults.1.4 These test methods are applicable for sampling particulate matter and collected r
5、esidue in wet (Test Method A or B) or dry(Test Method A) streams before and after particulate matter control equipment, and for determination of control device particulatematter collection efficiency.1.5 These test methods are also applicable for determining compliance with regulations and statutes
6、limiting particulate matterexisting in stack gases when approved by federal or state agencies.1.6 The particulate matter and collected residue samples collected by these test methods may be used for subsequent size andchemical analysis.1.7 These test methods describe the instrumentation, equipment,
7、and operational procedures, including site selection, necessaryfor sampling and determination of particulate mass emissions. These test methods also include procedures for collection andgravimetric determination of residues collected in an impinger-condenser train. The sampling and analysis of parti
8、culate mattermay be performed independently or simultaneously with the determination of collected residue.1.8 These test methods provide for the use of optional filter designs and filter material as necessary to accommodate the widerange of particulate matter loadings to which the test methods are a
9、pplicable.1.9 Stack temperatures limitation for Test MethodAis approximately 400C (752F) and for Test Method B is 815C (1500F).1.10 A known limitation of these test methods concerns the use of collected residue data. Since some collected residues can beformed in the sample train by chemical reaction
10、 in addition to condensation, these data should not be used without priorcharacterization (see 4.4.1).1.10.1 A second limitation concerns the use of the test methods for sampling gas streams containing fluoride, or ammonia orcalcium compounds in the presence of sulfur dioxide and other reactive spec
11、ies having the potential to react within the sampletrain.1.10.2 A suspected but unverified limitation of these test methods concerns the possible vaporization and loss of collectedparticulate organic matter during a sampling run.1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be
12、 regarded separately as standard within the text. Theinch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance to this standa
13、rd.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This test m
14、ethod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheresand Source Emissions.Current edition approved March 1, 2005Nov. 1, 2013. Published May 2005November 2013. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edit
15、ion approved in 19982005as D3685/D3685M - 98.D3685/D3685M - 98 (2005). DOI: 10.1520/D3685_D3685M-98R05.10.1520/D3685_D3685M-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Beca
16、useit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
17、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1071 Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel SamplesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD2986
18、Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test (Withdrawn2004)3D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric PressureD3796 Practice for Calibration of Type S Pitot TubesD4536
19、 Test Method for High-Volume Sampling for Solid Particulate Matter and Determination of Particulate Emissions(Withdrawn 2000)3E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
20、For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 collected residuefor the purpose of these test methods, solid or liquid matter collected in the impingers employed inthese test methods and remaining after solvent
21、 removal.3.2.2 particulate matterfor the purpose of these test methods, all gas-borne matter (solid or liquid) collected in the front halfof the sample train (probe, nozzle, and front half of filter).3.3 Symbols:A = internal cross-sectional area of stack, m2 (ft2).An = cross-sectional area of nozzle
22、, m2 (ft2).Bwo = proportion by volume of water vapor in the gas stream, dimensionless.Cm = dry gas meter correction factor, dimensionless.Cp = pitot tube coefficient, dimensionless.CP.M. = concentration of particulate matter in stack gas, on the dry basis, standard conditions, mg/m3 (gr/dsft3)CP.M.a
23、ct = concentration of particulate matter in stack gas, at actual gas conditions, mg/m3 (gr/aft3).C2pm = concentration of collected residue in stack gas, dry basis, standard conditions, mg/m3 (gr/dsft3).C 2pmact = concentration of collected residue in stack gas, at actual conditions, mg/m3 (gr/aft3).
24、EP.M. = emission rate for particulate matter, kg/h (lb/h).E2pm = emission rate for collected residue, kg/h (lb/h).I = percent of isokinetic sampling.Md = dry molecular weight of stack gas, g/g-mol (lb/lb-mole).MH2O = molecular weight of water, 18.0 g/g-mol (18.0 lb/lb-mole).Ms = molecular weight of
25、stack gas, wet basis, g/g-mol (lb/lb-mole).Pbar = barometric pressure at the sampling site, kPa (in. Hg).P.M. = total amount of particulate matter collected, mg.pm = total amount of collected residue, mg.Ps = absolute stack gas pressure, kPa (in. Hg).Pstat = static stack gas pressure, kPa (in. Hg).P
26、std = absolute pressure at standard conditions, 101.3 kPa (29.9 in. Hg).Qstp-d = stack gas volumetric flow rate, dry basis, standard conditions, m3/h (dsft3/h).R = ideal gas constant = 8.32 103 (kPam3)/(Kg mol) for the SI system, and 21.8 (in. Hgft3)/(Rlb mole) for the U.S. customary system.Td = ave
27、rage temperature of the gas in the dry gas meter, obtained from the average of the initial and the final temperatures,K (R) (see 10.2.2.6 and 10.2.2.9).Tm = absolute average dry gas meter temperature, K (R).( Ts )avg = absolute average stack gas temperature, K (R).Tstd = absolute temperature at stan
28、dard conditions, 298 K (25C) (537R).Tw = temperature of the gas in the wet test meter, K (R) (see 10.2.2.6 and 10.2.2.9).Vd = gas volume passing through the dry gas meter, K (R) (see 10.2.2.6 and 10.2.2.9).2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer S
29、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D3685/D3685M 132Vlc = total volume of liquid collected in impingers a
30、nd desiccant, mL.Vm = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter, meter conditions, m3 (dft3).Vmact = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter, corrected to actual gas conditions, m3 (or aft3).V mstd = volume of gas sample through the dry gas meter, corrected to dry standard conditions, m3
31、 (dft3).(Vs )avg = average stack gas velocity, m/s (ft/s).Vmstd = volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected to actual conditions, m3 (dsft3).Vw = gas volume passing through the wet test meter, m3 (aft3) (see 10.2.2.6 and 10.2.2.9).Vwstd = volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected t
32、o dry standard conditions, m3 (dsft3).Y = dry gas meter calibration factor.Yi = ratio of accuracy of wet test meter to dry gas meter (see 10.2.2.6 and 10.2.2.9). = total sampling or calibration run time, min.H2O = density of water, 997 kg/m3, at 298 K.H = average pressure drop across the orifice met
33、er, kPa (in. H2O).H = average orifice pressure differential that develops 0.021 m3 (0.75 ft3) of air at standard conditions for all sixcalibration runs, kPa (in. H2O) (see 10.2.2.9).Hi = orifice pressure differential at each flow rate that gives 0.021 m3 (0.75 ft3) of air at standard conditions for
34、eachcalibration run, kPa (in. H2O) (see 10.2.2.9).Pavg = average stack gas velocity head, kPa (in. H2O).NOTE 1To convert H and Pavg from inches of water to inches of mercury, divide by 13.6, the specific gravity of mercury. To convert from inchesof water to kilopascals, multiply by 0.248.4. Summary
35、of Test Methods4.1 Test Method A (in-stack) involves a sampling train with a primary and a backup filter located in-stack. (Use of the backupfilter is optional.) The sample is withdrawn from the stack isokinetically through the filter system followed by a series of impingersor condensers set in an i
36、ce bath, which act as a moisture trap and collect the collected residue. A dry gas meter is used to measurethe sample gas volume.4.1.1 The primary filter may be a thimble type filter or a glass fiber filter. No back-up is required when the primary filter is ofthe latter type.4.2 Test Method B (out-o
37、f-stack) involves a sampling train with a filter located out-of-stack heated above the moisture-acid dewpoint in order to prevent filter saturation. Sample is withdrawn from the stack isokinetically through the filter system followed bymoisture condensors set in an ice bath. The moisture condensors
38、provide the collection mechanism for collected residue.4.2.1 The sample gas volume is measured with a dry gas meter.4.3 Particulate matter mass and collected residue mass are determined gravimetrically. Particulate matter (12.10.1 and collectedresidue (12.10.2) are calculated separately as mass per
39、volume sampled at standard conditions, dry, and on the actual gas basis.4.4 The gravimetric analysis procedure is nondestructive and thus both the particulate matter and the collected residue catchesare available for further physical and chemical characterization.4.4.1 Although procedures are not in
40、cluded in these test methods, it is recommended that the collected residues be subjectedto chemical analysis or otherwise characterized prior to use of the mass results.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test widely u
41、sed in the practiceof air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emission rates tothe atmosphere.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal and state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determiningcompliance with
42、regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are often necessary as a means of demonstrating conformancewith contractual performance specifications.5.2 The collected residue obtained with these test methods is also important in characterizing stack emissions.
43、 However, theutility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected residue is performed.6. Interferences6.1 Gaseous species present in-stack gases that are capable of reacting to form particulate matter within the sample train canresult in positive interference.6.1.1 Examples
44、include the potential reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to an insoluble sulfate compound in the moisture portionof the system (such as with limestone in flue gas following a wet flue gas desulfurization system (FGDS) to form calcium sulfate(CaSO4) or the reaction with ammonia gas (NH3) to form ammoni
45、um sulfate (NH4SO4) and the potential reaction of hydrogenfluoride (HF) with glass components in the sample train with resultant collection of silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4) in the impingers.D3685/D3685M 1336.2 Volatile matter existing in solid or liquid form in the stack gas may vaporize after collec
46、tion on the sample train filtrationmaterial due to continued exposure to the hot sample stream during the sampling period. Such occurrence would result in anegative interference.7. Apparatus7.1 Sampling TrainFor schematic drawings of the major sampling train components refer to Figs. 1 and 2 for Tes
47、t MethodA and Fig. 3 for Test Method B.7.1.1 The materials of construction of in-stack and certain out-of-stack components (such as the nozzle, probe, unions, filterholder, gaskets, and other seals) shall be constructed of materials which will withstand corrosive or otherwise reactive compoundsor pr
48、operties of the stack or gas stream, or both. Recommended materials for a normal range of stack and sample conditions includePFTE fluoro hydrocarbons (up to 175C (350F), 316 stainless steel (up to 800C (1500F), and some resistant silicone materials(up to 150C (300F). Extreme temperature conditions m
49、ay require the use of materials such as quartz or nickel-chromium alloy,or a water-cooled probe may be used.7.2 Elements of the Sampling Train The sampling train for collecting particulate matter and collected residue from a gasstream flowing through a stack consists of the interconnected elements described in 7.3 7.10.7.3 NozzlesThe first part of the sampling equipment to encounter the dust or moisture-laden gas stream, or both, is the nozzle.In order to extract a representative sample of gas and particulate matter, the nozzle use
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