1、Designation: D3704 96 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forWear Preventive Properties of Lubricating Greases Usingthe (Falex) Block on Ring Test Machine in OscillatingMotion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of wearpro
3、perties of lubricating greases by means of the Falexblock-on-ring friction and wear test machine.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard except where equipment is supplied using inch-poundunits and would then be regarded as standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe metric equivalents of in
4、ch-poundunits given in such cases in the body of the standard may beapproximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental p
5、ractices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides
6、 and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentD2714 Test Method for Calibration and Oper
7、ation of theFalex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing MachineG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 coeffcient of friction, or f, nin tribology, thedimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between twobodies to the normal force (N) pressing these two
8、bodiestogether. or 5 F/N! (1)3.1.1.1 DiscussionA distinction is often made betweenstatic coeffcient of friction and kinetic coeffcient of friction.G403.1.2 friction force, nthe resisting force tangential to theinterface between two bodies when, under the action of anexternal force, one body moves or
9、 tends to move relative to theother. G403.1.3 kinetic coeffcient of friction, nthe coefficient offriction under conditions of macroscopic relative motion be-tween two bodies. G403.1.4 wear, ndamage to a solid surface, generally involv-ing progressive loss of material, due to relative motion betweent
10、hat surface and a contacting substance or substances. G404. Summary of Test Method4.1 The tester is operated with a steel test ring oscillatingagainst a steel test block. Test speed, load, angle of oscillation,time and specimen surface finish and hardness can be varied tosimulate field conditions.4.
11、2 The width of the wear scar, developed on the test blockfrom contact with the oscillating test ring, is measured.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to differentiate between greaseshaving high, medium, and low wear preventive propertiesusing oscillating motion. The user of this meth
12、od shoulddetermine to his own satisfaction whether results of this testprocedure correlate with field performance or other bench testmachines.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcom
13、mittee D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D370496(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D3704-96R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cust
14、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was devel
15、oped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Apparatus6.1 Fal
16、ex Block-on-Ring Test Machine with FrictionRecorder,3described in detail in Annex A1 and illustrated inFig. 1.6.2 Falex Oscillating Drive Accessory,3described in detailin A1.6 and illustrated in Fig. 2.6.3 Microscope, low-power (50 to 60) having sufficientclearance under objective to accommodate the
17、 test block. Itshould be fitted with a filar micrometer so that scar width maybe measured with accuracy of 60.01 mm.6.4 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Rings, Falex Type S-10 or S-253SAE 4620carburize steel, having a hardness of 58 HRC to 63 HRC. Thetest rin
18、g has a width of 8.15 mm (0.321 in.), a diameter of 35mm (1.3775 in.), and a maximum radial run out of 0.013 mm(0.0005 in.). The surface roughness of the S-10 ring shall be0.15 m to 0.30 m (6 in. to 12 in.) rms. The surfaceroughness of the S-25 ring shall be 0.51 m to 0.71 m (22 in.to 28 in.) rms.7.
19、2 Test Blocks, Falex Type H-30 or H-603SAE 01 toolsteel having two ground test surfaces of 0.10 to 0.20 m (4 to8 in.) rms. The test block has a width 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) anda 15.76 mm (0.620 in.) length. The H-30 test block has ahardness of HRC 27 to 33. The H-60 test block has a hardnessof HRC 58 t
20、o 63.7.3 Solvent, non-film forming, nonchlorinated.NOTE 1Solvents formerly used in this test method were eliminateddue to possible toxic effects. Each user should select a solvent that canmeet his applicable safety standards and still thoroughly clean the machineparts.8. Calibration and Standardizat
21、ion8.1 Run Test Method D2714 calibration procedure to ensuregood mechanical operation of test equipment.49. Procedure9.1 Before each test, clean the apparatus with appropriatesolvent chosen in 7.3 and blow dry.9.2 Select a new test ring and block, wash with solvent, anddry with clean soft cloth or p
22、aper.9.3 The grease sample should be worked 60 strokes, one-half scale or one-quarter scale (Test Methods D1403), prior tostarting runs. One working per running day is sufficient. Forthose who may not have small workers, working briefly with aspatula is sufficient.9.4 Adjust the amplitude of oscilla
23、tion for the desired arc.9.5 Lubricate the quarter segment (or the ball seat) of thespecimen holder with the grease to be tested.9.6 With no weights on the bale rod, apply a thin film of thetest grease to the surface of a clean test block and mount thetest block in the quarter segment (or ball seat)
24、 and position bothsecurely in the specimen holder. On models with the ball seat,tighten the set screws so that the block is held lightly. Apply athin film of the test grease along the test surface of the ring, andslip it on over the test shaft, taking care that grease does not get3The sole source of
25、 supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespon
26、sible technical committee,1which you may attend.4Consult instruction manual for proper operation.FIG. 1 Falex Block on Ring Test MachineD3704 96 (2017)2on the seat and the test surfaces are not scratched.Alternatively, the ungreased ring may be slipped on andtightened down and grease carefully appli
27、ed to the ring surfacewith a small, thin spatula. Screw on the lock washer andlocknut, and tighten with a torque wrench to 250 in.lb (28.25Nm). Apply additional test grease to the area of the test block,especially the area that overlaps the ring on both sides of theblock. (Total grease is 1 to 2 g.)
28、9.7 The block should be seated squarely on the ring;otherwise, a wedge-shaped scar will result. One way toaccomplish this is to loosen the block in the holder, apply a 3-lb(1.3-kg) load on the bale rod and rotate the ring by hand backand forth a few times. This also serves to distribute the greasebe
29、tween block and ring. The block is then tightened securelyfor running. If grease has pulled away from the block duringthe above operation, it should be reapplied as described in 9.6.9.8 Place the desired weights on the bale rod keeping inmind the standard machine is built with a 10:1 ratio lever.Mak
30、e sure the two load lever reference markers are aligned. Ifso equipped, position the friction force cutoff level at 40 lb(18.14 kg).9.9 Starting at zero, bring the speed up rapidly to thepredetermined setting necessary to give the desired speed.Measure time as soon as oscillation begins.FIG. 1 Falex
31、 Ring and Block Test Machine (continued)FIG. 2 Falex Oscillating Drive AssemblyD3704 96 (2017)39.10 Run for desired time. Disassemble and wipe off theblock and ring. Using the required microscope, measure thescar width on the test block in the center and 1 mm away fromeach edge to the nearest 0.01 m
32、m. Report the average of thesethree measurements.9.11 Report any unusual observation or an automatic fric-tion cutoff. If a machine malfunctions or a test block has awedge shaped scar, the test should be rerun.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is notknown to have
33、been obtained in accordance with currentlyaccepted guidelines (that is, in accordance with CommitteeD02 Research Report RR:D02-1007, “Manual on DeterminingPrecision Data for ASTM Methods on Petroleum Products andLubricants”).10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by th
34、e same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method exceed the following values only in one case intwenty.23% of the mean10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two sin
35、gleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty.39% of the meanNOTE 2The precision data were obtained from tests by nine labora-tories using five diff
36、erent greases. Four greases used lithium hydroxystear-ate as a thickener; one used a calcium complex soap system. One greasecontained no extreme pressure additive. The other four greases containedleaded, sulfur-phosphorus, MoS2, or calcium complex, respectively, asextreme pressure systems.10.2 The t
37、est conditions used to develop the precision datawere:10.2.1 Time: 5000 cycles (57.14 min),10.2.2 Angle of Oscillation: 90,10.2.3 Test Ring: Type S-10,10.2.4 Test Block: Type H-30,10.2.5 Test Speed: 8712 cycles per minute, and10.2.6 Test Loads on Specimen: 360 lb (163 kg), 480 lb (218kg), 630 lb (28
38、6 kg).NOTE 3Supporting information and data for this method was pre-sented in a research report by G. M. Stanton to the National LubricatingGrease Institute, October 1977 and published in the August 1978 NLGISpokesman. Copies of this report “Wear Testing of Greases with the FalexI Ring and Block Fri
39、ction and Wear Test Machine” are available uponrequest from NLGI.10.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of wear can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.11. Keywords11.1 lubricating greases; oscillating motion; wear proper-ties; wear test machineANNEX(Mandatory I
40、nformation)A1. DESCRIPTION OF THE FALEX RING AND BLOCK FRICTION AND WEAR TESTING MACHINEA1.1 A stationary rectangular test block bears under apredetermined load, maximum 286 kg (630 lb), against arotating (or oscillating) ring (Fig. A1.1). Test specimen pres-sures (average Hertz pressures) in the li
41、ne contact area betweenthe rectangular specimen and the rotating ring may range up toa maximum of 760 MPa (110 000 MPa).A1.2 In rotational motion, friction can be indicated through-out the test by hydraulic force gauge.Aload cell transducer anda recorder or digital meter, or both are used to obtain
42、frictionreadings under oscillating motion. A counter records thenumber of revolutions or cycles of the test ring. One criterionof failure is when the friction reaches a preselected maximum.For this purpose a control on the friction indicator or recordercan be set for any preselected value of frictio
43、n and the machinewill automatically shut off upon reaching it.A1.3 In an alternative method, a thermocouple is imbeddedin the test block and a temperature recorder controller (notstandard equipment) terminates the test when the temperatureof the test block reaches a previously set value.FIG. A1.1 Schematic Drawing of Ring or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 96 (2017)5
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