1、Designation: D3763 10Standard Test Method forHigh Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load andDisplacement Sensors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of punctureproperties of rigid plastics over a range of test vel
3、ocities.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This specification does not closely conform to ISO 6603.2.The only similarit
5、y between the two tests is that they are both instru-mented impact tests. The differences in striker, fixture, and specimengeometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different testresults.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD88
6、3 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6603.2 PlasticsDetermination
7、 of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics Part 2: Instrumented PunctureTest3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions see Terminology D883 andfor abbreviations see Terminology D1600.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versusdeformation response of plastics
8、 under essentially multiaxialdeformation conditions at impact velocities. This test methodfurther provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the materialto impact.4.2 Multiaxial impact response, while partly dependent onthickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation withspecimen thickn
9、ess. Therefore, results should be comparedonly for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unlessspecific responses versus thickness formulae have been estab-lished for the material.4.3 For many materials, there may be a specification thatrequires the use of this test method, but with some proc
10、eduralmodifications that take precedence when adhering to thespecification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that materialspecification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-fication System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards thatcurrently exist.5. Interferences5.1 Inertial Eff
11、ects A loading function encountered whenperforming an instrumented impact test that may, in somecases, confuse the interpretation of the test data. For furtherdefinition and examples of inertial effects, refer to AppendixX1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastic
12、sand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3763 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D3763-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
13、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/w
14、ww.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing machine shall consist of two assemblies, onefixed and the other driven by a sui
15、table method to achieve therequired impact velocity (that is, hydraulic, pneumatic, me-chanical, or gravity):6.1.1 Clamp Assembly, consisting of two parallel rigidplates with a 76.0 6 3.0 mm diameter hole in the center ofeach. The hole edges shall be rounded to a radius of 0.8 6 0.4mm. Sufficient fo
16、rce must be applied (mechanically, pneumati-cally, or hydraulically) to prevent slippage of the specimen inthe clamp during impact.6.1.2 Plunger Assembly, consisting of a 12.70 6 0.13 mmdiameter steel rod with a hemispherical end of the samediameter positioned perpendicular to, and centered on, thec
17、lamp hole.6.1.3 Other Geometries The dimensions given in 6.1.1and 6.1.2 shall be the standard geometry. If other plunger orhole sizes are used they shall be highlighted in the report.Correlations between various geometries have not been estab-lished.6.1.4 Load Sensing SystemA load cell of sufficient
18、ly highnatural resonance frequency, as described in A1.1, used to-gether with a calibrating network for adjusting load sensitivity.6.1.5 Plunger Displacement Measurement SystemAmeans of monitoring the displacement of the moving assemblyduring the loading and complete penetration of the specimen.This
19、 can be accomplished through the use of a suitabletransducer or potentiometer attached directly to the system.Photographic or optical systems can also be utilized formeasuring displacement.6.1.5.1 Alternatively, displacement may be calculated as afunction of velocity and total available energy at in
20、itial impact,along with increments of load versus time, using a micropro-cessor.6.1.5.2 Some machines use an accelerometer, whose outputis used to calculate both load and displacement.6.1.6 Display and Recording InstrumentationUse anysuitable means to display and record the data developed fromthe lo
21、ad and displacement-sensing systems, provided its re-sponse characteristics are capable of presenting the datasensed, with minimal distortion. The recording apparatus shallrecord load and displacement simultaneously. For furtherinformation, see A1.2.6.1.6.1 The most rudimentary apparatus is a cathod
22、e-rayoscilloscope with a camera. This approach also requires aplanimeter or other suitable device, capable of measuring thearea under the recorded load-versus-displacement trace of theevent with an accuracy of 65%.6.1.6.2 More sophisticated systems are commercially avail-able. Most of them include c
23、omputerized data reduction andautomatic printouts of results.7. Test Specimen7.1 Specimens must be large enough to be adequatelygripped in the clamp. In general, the minimum lateral dimen-sion should be at least 13 mm greater than the diameter of thehole in the clamp (see 6.1.1 and 10.9).7.2 Specime
24、ns may be cut from injection-molded, extruded,or compression molded sheet; or they may be cast or molded tosize.8. Conditioning8.1 Conditioning Condition the test specimens in accor-dance with Procedure A in Practice D618 unless otherwisespecified by contract or the relevant ASTM material specifica-
25、tion. Temperature and humidity tolerances shall be in accor-dance with Section 7 of Practice D618, unless otherwisespecified by contract or relevant ASTM material specification.8.2 Test Conditions Conduct tests at the same temperatureand humidity used for conditioning with tolerances in accor-dance
26、with Section 7 of Practice D618, unless otherwisespecified by contract or relevant ASTM material specification.8.2.1 By changing the conditioning and test temperature ina controlled manner for a given test velocity, the temperature atwhich transition from ductile to brittle failure occurs can bedete
27、rmined for most plastics.NOTE 2To facilitate high throughput during automated testing attemperatures other than ambient, it is often necessary to stack thespecimens in a column with no airflow in between. To assure compliancewith Section 10 of Practice D618, the time to equilibrium must bedetermined
28、 for a given material. A thermocouple may be placed at thecenter of a specimen stack in which its height is equal to its minimumwidth. Determine the time to reach equilibrium at the desired testtemperature. Experiments with materials having low thermal conductivityvalues have shown that more than 7.
29、5 h of soak time was required beforethe stack center temperature fell within the tolerances specified in D618 ata setpoint of -40C. Two and a half additional hours were needed to reachequilibrium. The opposite extreme was seen in a material of higherthermal conductivity that only required2htoreach e
30、quilibrium at -40C.9. Speed of Testing9.1 For recommended testing speeds see 10.4.10. Procedure10.1 Test a minimum of five specimens at each specifiedspeed.10.2 Measure and record the thickness of each specimen tothe nearest 0.025 mm at the center of the specimen. In the caseof injection molded spec
31、imens it is not necessary to measureeach specimen. It is sufficient to measure and record thicknessfor one specimen when it has been previously demonstratedthat the thickness does not vary by more than 5 %.10.3 Clamp the specimen between the plates of the speci-men holder, taking care to center the
32、specimen for uniformgripping. Tighten the clamping plate in such a way as toprovide uniform clamping pressure to prevent slippage duringtesting.10.4 Set the test speed to the desired value. The testingspeed (movable-member velocity at the instant before contactwith the specimen) shall be as follows:
33、10.4.1 For single-speed tests, use a velocity of 200 m/min.10.4.1.1 Other speeds may be used, provided they areclearly stated in the report.10.4.2 To measure the dependence of puncture properties onimpact velocity, use a broad range of test speeds. Somesuggested speeds are 2.5, 25, 125, 200, and 250
34、 m/min.D3763 10210.5 Set the available energy so that the velocity slowdownis no more than 20 % from the beginning of the test to the pointof peak load. If the velocity should decrease by more than20 %, discard the results and make additional tests on newspecimens with more available energy.NOTE 3It
35、 is observed that when the available energy is at least threetimes the absorbed energy at the peak load velocity slow-down is less than20 %.10.6 Place a safety shield around the specimen holder.10.7 Make the necessary adjustments to data collectionapparatus as required by the manufacturers instructi
36、ons orconsult literature such as STP 9364for further informationregarding setting up data acquisition systems.10.8 Conduct the test, following the manufacturers instruc-tions for the specific equipment used.10.9 Remove the specimen and inspect the gripped portionfor striations or other evidence of s
37、lippage. If there is evidenceof slippage, modify the clamping conditions or increase thespecimen size and repeat test procedures.11. Calculation11.1 Using the load-versus-displacement trace and appro-priate scaling factors, calculate the following:11.1.1 Peak load, in newtons.11.1.2 Deflection, in m
38、illimetres, to the point where peakload first occurred.11.1.3 From the area within the trace, calculate:11.1.3.1 Energy, in joules, to the point where load firstoccurred.11.1.3.2 Total energy absorbed. The point for determiningthis has not been standardized. Therefore, the point used foreach test mu
39、st be stated in the report.11.1.4 Load, deflection, energy, or combination thereof, atany other specific point of interest (see Appendix X1).11.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic meanfor each of the above, to three significant figures.11.3 Calculate the estimated standard deviation
40、s as follows:S 5 SSX22 n X2n 2 1D1/2(1)where:S = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single determination,n = number of determinations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of determinations.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, i
41、nclud-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, form andprevious history,12.1.2 Specimen size and thickness,12.1.3 Method of preparing test specimens (compressionmolding, casting, etc.),12.1.4 Geometry of clamp and plunger, if different from6.1.1 and 6.1.2,12.1.5 Source and types of equipment,12.
42、1.6 Speed of testing (see 10.4),12.1.7 The point on the curve at which total energy wascalculated (see 11.1.3.2),12.1.8 Average value and standard deviation for each of theproperties listed in 11.1,12.1.9 Whether or not any slippage of the specimens wasdetected, and12.1.10 If the effect of testing s
43、peeds was studied (see10.4.2).13. Precision and Bias13.1 Tables 1-3 are based on a round robin conducted in1996 in accordance with Practice E691, involving 7 materialstested by 11 laboratories. For each material, all of the speci-mens were prepared at the laboratory of the company volun-teering that
44、 material for the round robin. Ten specimens fromeach material were sent to each participating laboratory. Eachtest result was the average of 5 individual determinations. Eachlaboratory obtained 2 test results for each material.(WarningThe explanations of r and R (13.2-13.2.3) are onlyintended to pr
45、esent a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Tables1-3 should not be applied to acceptance or rejection ofmaterials, as these data only apply to the materials tested in theround robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative ofother lots, co
46、nditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of thistest method should apply the principles outlined in PracticeE691 to generate data specific to their materials and laboratory(or between specific laboratories). The principles of 13.2-13.2.3 would then be valid for such data.)13.2 Concept of r and R
47、in Tables 1-3If Srand SRhavebeen calculated from a large enough body of data, and for testresults that were averages from testing 5 specimens for eachtest result, then the following applies:4Instrumented Impact Testing of Plastics and Composite Materials, ASTM STP936, ASTM, 1986.TABLE 1 Maximum Load
48、NOTE 1MU = microcellular urethane, CP = cellulose propionate.NOTE 2Thicknesses were: aluminum, 0.031 in.; all others, 0.12 in.NOTE 31982 round robin data, including precision and bias state-ments, may be found in Appendix X4.Material Mean, NSr,ANSR,BNr,CNR,DN(A) Aluminum 4094 75.38 349.0 211 977(B)
49、ABS 3783 200.22 295.2 561 827(C) MU 1704 110.53 149.6 309 419(D) PC 6368 380.58 455.1 1066 1274(E) Polyester 4244 154.57 278.7 433 780(F) CP 4889 377.24 424.6 1056 1189(G) PP 2703 164.89 246.5 462 690ASr= within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It isobtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations from the test resultsfrom all of the participating laboratories as follows:Sr= (S1)2+(S2)2. + (Sn)2/n1/2BSR= between-laboratories reproducibility, expressed as standard deviation, asfollows:SR=Sr2+ SL21/2where SL= standard de
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