1、Designation: D3763 14Standard Test Method forHigh Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load andDisplacement Sensors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of punctureproperties of rigid plastics over a range of test vel
3、ocities.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 6603.2 address the same subjectmatter, but differ in t
5、echnical content. The technical content and resultsshall not be compared between the two test methods.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD4000 C
6、lassification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6603.2 PlasticsDetermination of Multi-axial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics Part 2: Instrumented PunctureTest3. Terminology3.1
7、DefinitionsFor definitions see Terminology D883 andfor abbreviations see Terminology D1600.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versusdeformation response of plastics under essentially multi-axialdeformation conditions at impact velocities. This test methodfurther
8、provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the materialto impact.4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent onthickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation withspecimen thickness. Therefore, results should be comparedonly for specimens of essentially the same thickness, u
9、nlessspecific responses versus thickness formulae have been estab-lished for the material.4.3 For many materials, there may be a specification thatrequires the use of this test method, but with some proceduralmodifications that take precedence when adhering to thespecification. Therefore, it is advi
10、sable to refer to that materialspecification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-fication System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards thatcurrently exist.5. Interferences5.1 Inertial EffectsA loading function encountered whenperforming an instrumented impact test that may, in someca
11、ses, confuse the interpretation of the test data. For furtherdefinition and examples of inertial effects, refer to AppendixX1.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing machine shall consist of two assemblies, onefixed and the other driven by a suitable method to achieve therequired impact velocity (that is, hydra
12、ulic, pneumatic,mechanical, or gravity):6.1.1 Clamp Assembly, consisting of two parallel rigidplates with a 76.0 6 3.0 mm diameter hole in the center ofeach. The hole edges shall be rounded to a radius of 0.8 6 0.4mm. Sufficient force must be applied (mechanically,pneumatically, or hydraulically) to
13、 prevent slippage of thespecimen in the clamp during impact.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved
14、 in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3763 101. DOI:10.1520/D3763-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
15、age onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、PA 19428-2959. United States16.1.2 Plunger Assembly, consisting of a 12.70 6 0.13 mmdiameter steel rod with a hemispherical end of the samediameter positioned perpendicular to, and centered on, theclamp hole.6.1.3 Other GeometriesThe dimensions given in 6.1.1 and6.1.2 shall be the standard geometry.
17、 If other plunger or holesizes are used they shall be highlighted in the report. Correla-tions between various geometries have not been established.6.1.4 Load Sensing SystemA load cell of sufficiently highnatural resonance frequency, as described in A1.1, used to-gether with a calibrating network fo
18、r adjusting load sensitivity.6.1.5 Plunger Displacement Measurement SystemAmeans of monitoring the displacement of the moving assemblyduring the loading and complete penetration of the specimen.This can be accomplished through the use of a suitabletransducer or potentiometer attached directly to the
19、 system.Photographic or optical systems can also be utilized formeasuring displacement.6.1.5.1 Alternatively, displacement may be calculated as afunction of velocity and total available energy at initial impact,along with increments of load versus time, using a micropro-cessor.6.1.5.2 Some machines
20、use an accelerometer, whose outputis used to calculate both load and displacement.6.1.6 Display and Recording InstrumentationUse anysuitable means to display and record the data developed fromthe load and displacement-sensing systems, provided its re-sponse characteristics are capable of presenting
21、the datasensed, with minimal distortion. The recording apparatus shallrecord load and displacement simultaneously. For furtherinformation, see A1.2.6.1.6.1 The most rudimentary apparatus is a cathode-rayoscilloscope with a camera. This approach also requires aplanimeter or other suitable device, cap
22、able of measuring thearea under the recorded load-versus-displacement trace of theevent with an accuracy of 65%.6.1.6.2 More sophisticated systems are commercially avail-able. Most of them include computerized data reduction andautomatic printouts of results.7. Test Specimen7.1 Specimens must be lar
23、ge enough to be adequatelygripped in the clamp. In general, the minimum lateral dimen-sion should be at least 13 mm greater than the diameter of thehole in the clamp (see 6.1.1 and 10.9).7.2 Specimens may be cut from injection-molded, extruded,or compression molded sheet; or they may be cast or mold
24、ed tosize.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens in accor-dance with Procedure A in Practice D618 unless otherwisespecified by contract or the relevant ASTM material specifica-tion. Temperature and humidity tolerances shall be in accor-dance with Section 7 of Practice D618, unle
25、ss otherwisespecified by contract or relevant ASTM material specification.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests at the same temperatureand humidity used for conditioning with tolerances in accor-dance with Section 7 of Practice D618, unless otherwisespecified by contract or relevant ASTM material specifi
26、cation.8.2.1 By changing the conditioning and test temperature ina controlled manner for a given test velocity, the temperature atwhich transition from ductile to brittle failure occurs can bedetermined for most plastics.NOTE 2To facilitate high throughput during automated testing attemperatures oth
27、er than ambient, it is often necessary to stack thespecimens in a column with no airflow in between. To assure compliancewith Section 10 of Practice D618, the time to equilibrium must bedetermined for a given material. A thermocouple may be placed at thecenter of a specimen stack in which its height
28、 is equal to its minimumwidth. Determine the time to reach equilibrium at the desired testtemperature. Experiments with materials having low thermal conductivityvalues have shown that more than 7.5 h of soak time was required beforethe stack center temperature fell within the tolerances specified in
29、 D618 ata setpoint of -40C. Two and a half additional hours were needed to reachequilibrium. The opposite extreme was seen in a material of higherthermal conductivity that only required2htoreach equilibrium at -40C.9. Speed of Testing9.1 For recommended testing speeds see 10.4.10. Procedure10.1 Test
30、 a minimum of five specimens at each specifiedspeed.10.2 Measure and record the thickness of each specimen tothe nearest 0.025 mm at the center of the specimen. In the caseof injection molded specimens, it is sufficient to measure andrecord thickness for one specimen when it has been previouslydemon
31、strated that the thickness does not vary by more than5%.10.3 Clamp the specimen between the plates of the speci-men holder, taking care to center the specimen for uniformgripping. Tighten the clamping plate in such a way as toprovide uniform clamping pressure to prevent slippage duringtesting.10.4 S
32、et the test speed to the desired value. The testingspeed (movable-member velocity at the instant before contactwith the specimen) shall be as follows:10.4.1 For single-speed tests, use a velocity of 200 m/min.10.4.1.1 Other speeds may be used, provided they areclearly stated in the report.10.4.2 To
33、measure the dependence of puncture properties onimpact velocity, use a broad range of test speeds. Somesuggested speeds are 2.5, 25, 125, 200, and 250 m/min.10.5 Set the available energy so that the velocity slowdownis no more than 20 % from the beginning of the test to the pointof peak load. If the
34、 velocity should decrease by more than20 %, discard the results and make additional tests on newspecimens with more available energy.NOTE 3It is observed that when the available energy is at least threetimes the absorbed energy at the peak load velocity slow-down is less than20 %.10.6 Place a safety
35、 shield around the specimen holder.10.7 Make the necessary adjustments to data collectionapparatus as required by the manufacturers instructions orD3763 142consult literature such as STP 9364for further informationregarding setting up data acquisition systems.10.8 Conduct the test, following the man
36、ufacturers instruc-tions for the specific equipment used.10.9 Remove the specimen and inspect the gripped portionfor striations or other evidence of slippage. If there is evidenceof slippage, modify the clamping conditions or increase thespecimen size and repeat test procedures.11. Calculation11.1 U
37、sing the load-versus-displacement trace and appro-priate scaling factors, calculate the following:11.1.1 Peak load, in newtons.11.1.2 Deflection, in millimetres, to the point where peakload first occurred.11.1.3 From the area within the trace, calculate:11.1.3.1 Energy, in joules, to the point where
38、 load firstoccurred.11.1.3.2 Puncture energy absorbed. Calculated at a corre-sponding point equal to a 50 % drop from the maximum load.Therefore, the point used for each test must be stated in thereport.11.1.4 Load, deflection, energy, or combination thereof, atany other specific point of interest (
39、see Appendix X1).11.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic meanfor each of the above, to three significant figures.11.3 Calculate the estimated standard deviations as follows:S 5 SX22 nX2n 2 1D1/2(1)where:S = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single determination,n = number o
40、f determinations, andX= arithmetic mean of the set of determinations.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, form andprevious history,12.1.2 Specimen size and thickness,12.1.3 Method of
41、 preparing test specimens (compressionmolding, casting, etc.),12.1.4 Geometry of clamp and plunger, if different from6.1.1 and 6.1.2,12.1.5 Source and types of equipment,12.1.6 Speed of testing (see 10.4),12.1.7 The point on the curve at which puncture energy wascalculated (see 11.1.3.2),12.1.8 Aver
42、age value and standard deviation for each of theproperties listed in 11.1,12.1.9 Whether or not any slippage of the specimens wasdetected, and12.1.10 If the effect of testing speeds was studied (see10.4.2).13. Precision and Bias513.1 Tables 1-3 are based on a round robin conducted in1996 in accordan
43、ce with Practice E691, involving 7 materialstested by 11 laboratories. For each material, all of the speci-mens were prepared at the laboratory of the company volun-teering that material for the round robin. Ten specimens fromeach material were sent to each participating laboratory. Eachtest result
44、was the average of 5 individual determinations. Eachlaboratory obtained 2 test results for each material.(WarningThe explanations of r and R (13.2 13.2.3) areonly intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Tables1-3 should not be app
45、lied to acceptance or rejection ofmaterials, as these data only apply to the materials tested in theround robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative ofother lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of thistest method should apply the principles outlined in PracticeE691 to gene
46、rate data specific to their materials and laboratory(or between specific laboratories). The principles of 13.2 13.2.3 would then be valid for such data.)13.2 Concept of r and R in Tables 1-3If Srand SRhavebeen calculated from a large enough body of data, and for testresults that were averages from t
47、esting 5 specimens for eachtest result, then the following applies:13.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the r value for that material. r is the interval representingthe critical difference between two test result
48、s for the same4Instrumented Impact Testing of Plastics and Composite Materials, ASTM STP936, ASTM, 1986.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D20-1234.TABLE 1 Maximum LoadNOTE 1MU = microcellular urethane, CP = cellulo
49、se propionate.NOTE 2Thicknesses were: aluminum, 0.031 in.; all others, 0.12 in.NOTE 31982 round robin data, including precision and biasstatements, may be found in Appendix X4.Material Mean, NSr,ANSR,BNr,CNR,DN(A) Aluminum 4094 75.38 349.0 211 977(B) ABS 3783 200.22 295.2 561 827(C) MU 1704 110.53 149.6 309 419(D) PC 6368 380.58 455.1 1066 1274(E) Polyester 4244 154.57 278.7 433 780(F) CP 4889 377.24 424.6 1056 1189(G) PP 2703 164.89 246.5 462 690ASr= within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It is obtainedby pooling the within-l
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