ASTM D3766-1986(2002) Standard Terminology Relating to Catalysts and Catalysis《催化剂和催化作用的相关术语》.pdf

1、Designation: D 3766 86 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Terminology Relating toCatalysts and Catalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology contains definitions of terms related tocatalysts and catalysis.NOTE 1The Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Phy

3、sicochemi-cal Quantities and Units presents authoritative descriptions of many termsused in the field of catalysis.22. Definitionsactivityof a catalyst, the measure of the rate of a specificcatalytic reaction conducted in the presence of a catalyst.catalyst bed supportan essentially inert plate, gri

4、d, particu-late bed, or other structural component designed to hold upor bear a quantity of catalyst in a catalytic reactor.catalyst carriera solid, generally porous material upon thesurface or into the voids of which catalytic materials areplaced to create the desired catalyst.DISCUSSIONA carrier m

5、ay have or contribute to catalytic activity.catalyst substrateless preferred alternative term for catalystcarrier.catalyst supportless preferred alternative term for catalystcarrier.crush strength, nin catalysis, a measure of the resistance ofa single particle of a formed catalyst to loss of form wh

6、ensubjected to a compressive force.DISCUSSIONFormed catalysts may include tablets, spheres, extru-dates, rings, pellets, etc. and should be distinguished from powders andgranules.density, packing (bulk)the ratio of the mass of a collectionof discrete pieces of solid material to the sum of the volume

7、sof: the solids in each piece, the voids within the pieces, andthe voids among the pieces of the particular collection.density, particle (envelope)the ratio of the mass of aparticle to the sum of the volumes of: the solid in each pieceand the voids within each piece, that is, within close-fittingima

8、ginary envelopes completely surrounding each piece.density, skeletalthe ratio of the mass of discrete pieces ofsolid material to the sum of the volumes of: the solidmaterial in the pieces and closed (or blind) pores within thepieces.density, theoreticalthe ratio of the mass of a collection ofdiscret

9、e pieces of solid material to the sum of the volumes ofsaid pieces, the solid material having an ideal regulararrangement at the atomic level.envelopeof a particle in catalysis, a theoretical surface thatencloses the particle and that bridges openings to the interiorof the particle.porein catalysis,

10、 a small opening in a material permittingadmission, adsorption, or passage of a fluid.pore size distributionin catalysis, the volume of pores of amaterial expressed or displayed as a function of porediameters.pore volume distributionin catalysis, an alternative termfor pore size distribution.porosit

11、yof particles in catalysis, the ratio of the volumes ofthe pores in the particles to the volumes enclosed by theirenvelopes.sintering, nin catalysis, a reduction of the surface area of acatalyst carrier or other solid catalytic material caused byheat.DISCUSSIONSintering may be enhanced by steam or o

12、ther chemicalspecies and may be accompanied by changes in crystallinity.surface areain catalysis, the measure of the total surface ofa material per unit mass or volume.DISCUSSIONThis is usually expressed as m2/g or m2/cm3and is alsosometimes called specific surface area.1This terminology is under th

13、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.92 on Nomenclatureand Definitions.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 376686(1997).2“The Manual of S

14、ymbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities andUnitsAppendix II. Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and SurfaceChemistry. Part II: Heterogeneous Catalysis,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol 46,No. 1, 7390(1976).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

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18、 shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3766 86 (2002)2