ASTM D3766-2008 Standard Terminology Relating to Catalysts and Catalysis《催化剂和催化作用的相关标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: D 3766 08Standard Terminology Relating toCatalysts and Catalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions of terms related tocatalysts and catalysis.NOTE 1The Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemi-cal Quanti

3、ties and Units presents authoritative descriptions of many termsused in the field of catalysis.22. Terminology2.1 Definitions:activity, nof a catalyst, the measure of the rate of a specificcatalytic reaction conducted in the presence of a catalyst.calcine, vin catalysis, to heat a material to a high

4、 tempera-ture causing a physical or chemical change, for example, lossof moisture and volatile matter, or a phase change, or both.catalyst bed support, nan essentially inert plate, grid,particulate bed, or other structural component designed tohold up or bear a quantity of catalyst in a catalytic re

5、actor.catalyst carrier, na solid, generally porous material uponthe surface or into the voids of which catalytic materials areplaced to create the desired catalyst.DISCUSSIONA carrier may have or contribute to catalytic activity.catalyst substrate, nless preferred alternative term for cata-lyst carr

6、ier.catalyst support, nless preferred alternative term for catalystcarrier.crush strength, nin catalysis, a measure of the resistance offormed catalysts or catalyst carriers, either singly or in bulk,to loss of form when subjected to a compressive force.DISCUSSIONFormed catalysts may include tablets

7、, spheres, extru-dates, rings, pellets, etc. and should be distinguished from powders andgranules.density, packing (bulk), nthe ratio of the mass of acollection of discrete pieces of solid material to the sum ofthe volumes of: the solids in each piece, the voids within thepieces, and the voids among

8、 the pieces of the particularcollection.density, particle (envelope), nthe ratio of the mass of aparticle to the sum of the volumes of: the solid in each pieceand the voids within each piece, that is, within close-fittingimaginary envelopes completely surrounding each piece.density, skeletal, nthe r

9、atio of the mass of discrete pieces ofsolid material to the sum of the volumes of: the solidmaterial in the pieces and closed (or blind) pores within thepieces.density, theoretical, nthe ratio of the mass of a collection ofdiscrete pieces of solid material to the sum of the volumes ofsaid pieces, th

10、e solid material having an ideal regulararrangement at the atomic level.envelope, nof a particle in catalysis, a theoretical surfacethat encloses the particle and that bridges openings to theinterior of the particle.pore, nin catalysis, a small opening in a material permittingadmission, adsorption,

11、or passage of a fluid.pore size distribution, nin catalysis, the volume of pores ofa material expressed or displayed as a function of porediameters.pore volume distribution, nin catalysis, an alternative termfor pore size distribution.porosity, nof particles in catalysis, the ratio of the volumesof

12、the pores in the particles to the volumes enclosed by theirenvelopes.selectivity, nof a catalyst, the measure of the distribution ofproducts in a specific reaction conducted in the presence ofa catalyst.sintering, nin catalysis, a reduction of the surface area of acatalyst carrier or other solid cat

13、alytic material caused byheat.DISCUSSIONSintering may be enhanced by steam or other chemicalspecies and may be accompanied by changes in crystallinity.surface area, nin catalysis, the measure of the total surfaceof a material per unit mass or volume.DISCUSSIONThis is usually expressed as m2/g or m2/

14、cm3and is alsosometimes called specific surface area.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.92 on Nomenclatureand Definitions.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved i

15、n 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 376686(2007).2“The Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities andUnitsAppendix II. Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and SurfaceChemistry. Part II: Heterogeneous Catalysis,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol 46,No.

16、 1, 7390(1976).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or with

17、drawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you

18、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3766082