1、Designation: D3775 12Standard Test Method forWarp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of warp end
3、count and filling pick count and is applicable to all types ofwoven fabrics.NOTE 1Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describethe end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms warp (end) and filling(pick) count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.1.2 The values
4、stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
5、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD7023 Termino
6、logy Relating to Home Furnishings2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, refer to Terminology D48503.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:count, end, end count, filling, pick, pic
7、k count, thread count.thread count3.2 For all terminology related to Home Furnishings, referto Terminology D7023.3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-ogy D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The number of warp yarns (ends) per unit distance andfilling yarns (picks) per unit di
8、stance are determined usingsuitable magnifying and counting devices or by raveling yarnsfrom fabrics. See ANSI Z1.4.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because it has been usedextensively in the trade for that purpose
9、.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comp
10、arativetest that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical
11、test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.1.2 This test method is suitable for use with narrow fabricswhen
12、the count across the total width is measured in the narrowdirection and extrapolated to the number of yarns per centime-tre or inch.6. Apparatus6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule andpointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment. The use ofoptical sensing equipment may be used
13、 as agreed upon by thepurchaser and supplier.6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm (116 in.) to measure thewidth of the fabric test specimen to be raveled for a count ofyarns.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on FabricTest Methods, SpecificCurrent edition approved Sept. 1,
14、2012. Published October 2012. ReplacesSections 28 to 34 of Methods D1910 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979. Lastprevious edition approved in 2008 as D3775 08. DOI: 10.1520/D3775-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer tot he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
16、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary
17、sampling units.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take a fullwidth swatch at least2m(2yd)long from each roll of fabricin the lot sample. Consider each designated place at whichwarp end counts and filling pick counts are made as a testspecimen.NOTE 2For specimens not obtained as directed in
18、 Section 7, theresults should not be used for acceptance testing of a lot.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition specimens as directed in Practice D1776.8.2 Fabrics woven from yarns having a relatively lowmoisture regain in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles,which is 21 6 1 C (70 6 2 F) and 65 % rel
19、ative humidity,and which are not significantly affected by minor variations indifferent atmospheric conditions, for example, nylons, acrylics,and polyesters, may be tested without preconditioning. Fabricswoven from yarns composed wholly or in part from wool,rayon, cotton, or acetate are more sensiti
20、ve to atmosphericchanges and must be conditioned prior to testing, except byagreement of all parties interested in the test results.8.3 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properlyconditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities,perform the test without conditioning and report the
21、 actualconditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results maynot correspond with the results obtained after testing in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles.9. Procedure9.1 General:9.1.1 Count the number of warp yarns (ends) and fillingyarns (picks) in five randomly spaced places diag
22、onally acrossthe width of the laboratory sampling unit. Count individualwarp ends and filling picks as single units, regardless ofwhether they are comprised of single or plied components.9.1.2 When two yarns are laid-in together and parallel,count each yarn separately, as a single unit, regardless o
23、fwhether it is comprised of single or plied components.9.1.3 In fancy weaves, where one or more yarns do notappear at regular, short intervals, make count measurementsover at least one full pattern repeat of each design in the weave.9.1.4 When the coefficient of variation for five counts ishigher th
24、an 5 %, make five additional counts and average theresults of the ten readings.9.2 Specific Fabric Widths:9.2.1 For fabric widths of 1000 mm (40 in.) or more, makeno count closer than 150 mm (6 in.) from the selvage edge, orwithin 0.5 m (0.5 yd) from the end of the roll or piece.9.2.2 For fabric wid
25、ths of less than 1000 mm (40 in.) butgreater than 125 mm (5 in.), make no count closer than onetenth of the width of the fabric, or within 0.5 m (0.5 yd) fromthe end of the roll or piece.9.2.3 For narrow fabrics constructed with widths of 25 mm(1 in.) or less, count all of the yarns in the width of
26、the fabric.When the data are reported, the fabric width, the number ofyarns within that width, and the resultant calculated yarns percentimetre (inch) shall be reported.9.3 Specific Fabric Counts9.3.1 For fabrics containing less than 1 yarn per mm (25yarns per in.), count the number of warp yarns (e
27、nds) over a 75mm (3 in.) width, in five randomly selected places across thewidth of the laboratory sampling unit, and count the number offilling yarns (picks) over a 75 mm (3 in.) length in fiverandomly selected places along the length of the laboratorysampling unit.9.3.1.1 When the coefficient of v
28、ariation for five counts in a75 mm (3 in.) width is higher than 5%, discard those readingsand make five fresh counts over a 125 mm (5 in.) width.9.3.1.2 For fabrics containing 1 yarn per mm (25 yarns perin.) or higher, count the number of warp yarn (ends) over 25mm (1 in.) of width in five different
29、, randomly selected placesacross the width of the laboratory sampling unit, and count thenumber of filling yarns (picks) over a 25 mm (1 in.) length infive different, randomly selected places along the length of thelaboratory sampling unit.9.4 Count by Raveling Options When individual yarnscannot be
30、 readily distinguished for counting in a fabric, one ofthe two alternative options shown below may be used.9.4.1 Ravel a piece of fabric parallel to the direction to becounted, obtain a straight edge, then ravel and count the yarnsin a 25 mm (1 in.) strip. For example, cut a strip of fabric fromeach
31、 randomly selected place, approximately 35 mm (1.5 in.)wide, and of practical length parallel to the yarns to be counted.Then ravel each strip to give a testing width of 25 mm (1 in.)by removing an approximately equal number of yarns fromeach side, prior to counting.9.4.2 Make a straight cut through
32、 the fabric across the yarnsto be counted. Place a ruler along the cut edge and mark off a25 mm (1 in.) length. Count the number of yarns protrudingbetween the two marks. If possible, ravel a yarn or two, toensure that only protruding yarns are being counted.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the average
33、 of all warp end counts made forthe warp direction to the nearest individual yarn for each rolland for the lot.10.2 Calculate the average of all filling pick counts made forthe filling direction to the nearest individual yarn for each rolland for the lot.10.3 When requested, calculate the thread cou
34、nt of thefabric as the sum of the warp end and filling pick counts to thenearest whole number for each roll and for the lot.10.4 For narrow fabrics, extrapolate the count in the narrowdirection to 1 cm (in.) using the following equations:CountW,cm5 yarnscm (1)Count W, in. 5 yarnsin. (2)D3775 122wher
35、e:Count = count in the narrow direction, andW = fabric width, mm or in.Examples:200.6 cm 5 33 yarnscm (3)200.25 in. 5 80 yarnsinch (4)11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D3775. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method of sampling used.11.2 Repo
36、rt the following information:11.2.1 Average number of warp yarns (ends) and fillingyarns (picks) per 25 mm (1 in.) calculated to the nearestindividual yarn; when stating the count for the fabric, show thewarp yarn (end) count first followed by the filling yarn (pick)count for each roll and for the l
37、ot. For example:Count 5 100 3 40 or 100 by 40NOTE 3The result is to be read as “one hundred by forty” not as 4000.11.2.2 For narrow fabrics less than 25 cm (1 in.) report thewidth of the fabric in the narrow direction, the number of yarnswithin that width, and the resultant calculated yarns percenti
38、metre (1 in.).11.2.3 Thread count for each roll and for the lot, whenrequested,11.2.4 Size of the pattern repeat, size of each designcomponent in the pattern, and the total yarns in each measuredcomponent for fabrics having fancy weaves,11.2.5 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconduct
39、ed and whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D1776.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages of five obser-vations when measuring the warp end or filling pick count ofa woven fabric, the difference should not exceed about 0.42ends or picks/in. in 95 out of 1
40、00 cases when all theobservations were taken by the same well-trained operatorusing the same piece of equipment and specimens randomlydrawn from the same sample of material. Larger differences arelikely under all other circumstances.12.2 Interlaboratory Test Data4An interlaboratory testwas run in 19
41、81 in which randomly drawn specimens of fourmaterials were tested in each of four laboratories. Two opera-tors in each laboratory each tested two specimens of eachmaterial for both warp end count and filling pick count. Thefirst fabric was a 65 % polyester and 35 % cotton seersuckertype basket weave
42、. The second fabric was a 65 % polyester and35 % cotton gingham check. The third fabric was an 88 %cotton and 12 % polyester corduroy. The fourth fabric was a100 % cotton denim. Warp end counts ranged from about 50 to130 ends/in., and filling pick counts ranged from about 50 to125 picks/in. The comp
43、onents of variance for warp end countand for filling pick count expressed as standard deviations werecalculated to be as follows:Counts Single-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentSingle MaterialComparisons:Warp End or FillingPick Counts0.337 0.000 0.458Multi-materia
44、lComparisons5:Warp End Counts 0.551 0.000 0.383Filling Pick Counts 0.000 0.000 0.736NOTE 4The square roots of the components are being reported toexpress the variability in the appropriate unit of measure rather than as thesquare of those units of measure.12.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance
45、 reported in12.2, two averages of observed values should be consideredsignificantly different at the 95 % probability level if thedifference equals or exceeds the critical differences in Table 1.NOTE 5The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, par
46、ticularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be established with each such comparison being based onrecent data obtained on specimens taken from a lot of mate
47、rial of the typebeing evaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and thenrandomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.12.4 BiasTest Method D3775 for counting warp ends andfilling picks in woven fabrics has no known bias and is used asa referee method.13. Keywords13.1 c
48、onstruction; fabric; filling pick count; warp end count;woven4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1067.5The single-operator components for multi-material comparisons are in additionto the single-operator component
49、s for single-material comparisons and are notreduced by replication.D3775 123ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eith
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