ASTM D3776-2009 Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric.pdf

1、Designation: D 3776 09Standard Test Methods forMass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabricmass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.1.2 There are four approved opti

3、ons:1.2.1 Option AFull Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).1.2.2 Option BFull Width Sample (Section 8).1.2.3 Option CSmall Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).1.2.4 Option DNarrow Fabrics (Section 10).1.3 The values either in SI units or U.S. customary units areregarded as standard. U.S. customary units m

4、ay be approxi-mate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to

5、use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Inspection by Attributes33. Terminol

6、ogy3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 weight, nas used with fabrics, mass per unit area.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFabric mass per unit area is expressedeither as grams per square metre (ounces per square yard), orgrams per linear metre (ounces per linear yard). Fabric mass isalso sometimes expressed inversely as linear

7、metres perkilograms (yards per pound) with the fabric width stated.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimenthe length and width of which have been measured as d

8、irectedin one of the procedures in Test Method D 3773 and D 3774.5. Apparatus5.1 Scale, with a capacity and sensitivity sufficient to weighthe full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of theirgross mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by arecognized authority.5.2 Balance,

9、 having a capacity and sensitivity to weighwithin 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being tested.5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of atleast 13 cm2or 4 in.26. Conditioning6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D 1776.6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the st

10、andardatmosphere for testing textiles (20 6 1C (70 6 2F),65 6 2 % RH), after the specimens have been conditioned inthe same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition thespecimens in Option A or nonconditioned testing may beagreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rollsor bolts o

11、f fabric cannot be properly conditioned in a reason-able time with available facilities, perform the tests withoutconditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at thetime of the test. Such results may not correspond with theresults obtained after testing adequately conditioned specimensin

12、 the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.7. Option AFull Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut7.1 Significance and Use7.1.1 OptionAfor the determination of mass per unit area ofwoven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.7.1.2 In

13、 case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test values when using Test Methods D 3776 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextil

14、es and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric TestMethods, Specific.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. ReplacesSections 35 to 41 of Methods D 1910 64 (1975). Originally approved inD 3776 79. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3776 07.2Fo

15、r referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25

16、 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigati

17、on ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from

18、the twolaboratories should be compared using students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test res

19、ults in the light ofthe known bias.7.2 SamplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units. Co

20、nsider the rolls of fabric in the lotsample as the laboratory sample and as the test specimens.7.3 Procedure:7.3.1 Measure the length of the full piece, roll, bolt, or cutby the hand procedure in Test Method D 3773.7.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative ofOption A of Test Method D 3

21、774.7.3.3 Weigh the fabric, with shell and holder, if any, to thenearest 0.1 % of its mass.7.3.4 Weigh the holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of itsmass.7.4 Calculations:7.4.1 Determine the net weight of the fabric by subtractingthe weight of the holder from the total weight.7.4.2 Dimensions and m

22、ass may all be determined in SIunits and mass per unit area calculated using Eq 1, Eq 2, or Eq3, as follows:g/m25 103M/LW (1)g/m 5 103M/L (2)m/kg 5 L/M (3)where:M = mass of fabric, in kilograms,L = length of fabric, in metres, andW = width of fabric, in metres.7.4.3 Calculate the mass per unit area,

23、 mass per linear yard,or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unlessotherwise specified, using Eq 4, Eq 5, Eq 6, or Eq 7, as follows:Mass per unit area:oz/yd25 576M/LW (4)Mass per yard:oz/yd 5 16M/L (5)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 L/M (6)yd/lb 5 16 oz/yd (7)where:M = mass of fabric

24、, in pounds,L = length of fabric, in yards, andW = width of fabric, in inches.7.4.4 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 8, Eq 9, or Eq 10, as follows:Mass, g/m25 oz/yd23 33.906 (8)Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 3 31.000 (9)m/kg 5 yd/lb 3 2.016 (10)8. Option BFull Width Sample8.1 Si

25、gnificance and Use:8.1.1 This procedure is applicable to a full-width sample cutfrom a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified,these results will include selvages and will be on the basis ofconditioned fabric.8.1.2 Option B is not recommended for the acceptancetesting of commercia

26、l shipments, since Option A is regularlyused for that purpose.8.2 Sampling:8.2.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rol

27、l of fabric to bethe primary sampling units.8.2.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece in the lotsample, cutdont tearat least one laboratory sample thefull width of the fabric and at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length.The cut edges must be a straight line, free of indentations orbulges, unless both

28、 edges have been made to trace parallelfilling yarns. In this procedure the complete laboratory sampleis used as the specimen.8.3 Procedure:8.3.1 Measure the length of the conditioned specimen by thehand procedure of Test Method D 3773.8.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative ofOption

29、 A of Test Method D 3774.8.3.3 Weigh the specimen in grams on a scale or balance tothe nearest 0.1 % of its mass (weight).8.4 Calculations:8.4.1 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unlessotherwise specified, using Eq 11, Eq 1

30、2, Eq 13, or Eq 14, asfollows:Mass per unit area:oz/yd25 45.72G/LsW (11)Mass per linear yard:oz/yd 5 1.27G/Ls(12)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 16/oz per linear yd (13)yd/lb 5 12.6Ls/G (14)where:G = mass of specimen, in grams,Ls= length of specimen, in inches, andW = width of specimen, in inches.8.4

31、.2 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 4, Eq 5, or Eq 6 in 7.4.3.D37760928.4.3 Alternatively, dimensions and mass may all be deter-mined in SI units and calculated using Eq 15, Eq 16, or Eq 17,as follows:Mass per unit area:g/m25 106G/LsW (15)Mass per linear metre:g/m 5

32、 103G/Ls(16)Linear metres per kilogram:m/kg 5 Ls/G (17)where:G = mass of specimen, gLs= length of specimen, mm, andW = width of specimen, mm.9. Option CSmall Swatch of Fabric9.1 Significance and Use:9.1.1 This procedure is applicable when a small swatch offabric is sent to the laboratory to be used

33、as the test specimen.The results are considered to be applicable to the sample onlyand not necessarily to the lot from which the sample was taken.9.1.2 Measurements by this method do not include selvagesand should be reported as such, unless a selvage allowance isspecified.9.1.3 Option C is not reco

34、mmended for acceptance testingof commercial shipments since Option A is regularly used forthat purpose.9.2 SamplingOption C is used only when limited fabric isavailable and should not be used for acceptance sampling.Prepare such specimens from small swatches as is possible.9.3 Preparation of Specime

35、nsPrepare a conditionedspecimen having an area of at least 130 cm2(20 in.2)oranumber of smaller die cut specimens taken from differentlocations in the sample and having a total area of at least 130cm2(20 in.2) Do not take these specimens closer than one tenthof the fabric width to a selvage or cut e

36、dge. If insufficient fabricis available to meet these criteria, note that fact in the report.9.4 Procedure:9.4.1 Determine the area of the specimen(s) used. Fordie-cut specimens, the area of the die is normally given. Forother specimens, multiply the length by the width.9.4.2 Weigh the specimen(s) t

37、o within 60.1 % of mass(weight) on a balance. Specimens of a fabric may be weighedtogether.9.5 Calculations:9.5.1 Dimensions and mass may be determined in SI unitsand calculated using Eq 15 (8.4.3), Eq 18, or Eq 19, as follows:Mass per linear metre:g/m 5 103GW/LsWs(18)Linear metre per kilogram:m/kg

38、5 LsWs/GW (19)where:G = mass of specimen, gW = width of fabric, mmLs= length of specimen, mm, andWs= width of specimen mm.9.5.2 Calculate the mass in ounces per square yard, ouncesper linear yard, or linear yards per pound to three significantfigures using Eq 11 (8.4.1), Eq 19, or Eq 20, as follows:

39、Mass per linear yard:oz/yd 5 1.27GW/LsWs(20)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 12.6LsWs/GW (21)where:G = mass of specimen, g,W = width of fabric, in.Ws= width of specimen, in., andLs= length of specimen, in.9.5.3 If preferred convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits by using Eq 8, Eq 9, or Eq 10 in 7

40、.4.4.10. Option DNarrow Fabrics10.1 Significance and Use:10.1.1 This procedure is intended for use with narrowfabrics as so designated by the trade. These fabrics are usually300 mm (12 in.) in width or less, have a selvage on both sidesand are woven on multishuttle looms.10.1.2 Option D is not recom

41、mended for acceptance testingof commercial shipments since Option A is regularly used forthat purpose.10.2 Sampling:10.2.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe pu

42、rchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls of fabric to bethe primary sampling units.10.2.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece in thelot sample, cut a conditioned laboratory sample 1 m 6 3mm(36.0 6 0.10 in.) long perpendicular to the selvages. Take aminimum of three such laboratory samples f

43、rom differentplaces, distributed as evenly as practicable along the length ofthe roll or piece. In this procedure a complete laboratorysample is used as a specimen.10.3 Procedure:10.3.1 Measure the width of the fabric to the nearest 1 mm(0.125 in.) by the tension-free alternative of Option A of Test

44、Methods D 3774.10.3.2 Weigh each specimen to within 60.1 % of its weighton a scale or balance.10.4 Calculations:10.4.1 If all measurements are made in SI units, use Eq 15,Eq 16 or Eq 17 in 8.4.3.10.4.2 Calculate the average mass as ounces per linear yardor linear yards per pound using Eq 12, Eq 13,

45、or Eq 14 from8.4.1.10.4.3 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 9 or Eq 10 in 7.4.4.11. Report11.1 State that the tests were made as directed in Option A(or B or C or D) in Test Methods D 3776. Describe the materialor product sampled and the method of sampling used.D3776

46、09311.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Option used to measure fabric mass per unit area.11.2.2 Fabric mass in ounces per square yard, or ounces perlinear yard, or in yards per pound, to three significant figures.11.2.3 Fabric mass in grams per square metre, or grams perlinear metre, or metr

47、es per kilogram, to three significantfigures.11.2.4 Fabric width if mass is reported as mass per linearmetre (yard) or metres per kilogram (yards per pound).11.2.5 State whether the fabric weight includes or does notinclude selvages, and11.2.6 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconduct

48、ed and whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D 1776.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages of four obser-vations when using Option B of Test Methods D 3776, thedifference should not exceed the following amounts in 95 outof 100 cases when all of the observ

49、ations were taken by thesame well-trained operator using the same piece of equipmentand specimens randomly drawn from the same sample ofmaterial:Seersucker 0.125 oz/yd2Gingham 0.080 oz/yd2Corduroy 0.330 oz/yd2Denim 0.105 oz/yd2Larger differences are likely under all other circumstances.The procedure in Option B of Test Methods D 3776 has noknown bias and is used as a referee method.12.2 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 1981 in which randomly drawn specimens of fourmaterials were tested in each of four laboratories using OptionB