ASTM D3790-1979(2012) Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying 《用烘干箱烘干皮革中易挥发物质(水分)的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D3790 79 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forVolatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the deter

3、mination of volatilematter (moisture) in all types of leather.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th

4、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical andChemical TestsE180 Practice for De

5、termining the Precision of ASTMMethods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-cialty Chemicals33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The ground leather specimen is heated in a mechanical-convection oven for 16 h at 100C, placed in a desiccator,cooled, and reweighed. The loss in weight represents thev

6、olatile matter.4. Significance and Use4.1 The result obtained by this test is normally considered tobe the moisture content of the leather sample. This result isused to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis.4.2 Materials that are volatile under these conditions, otherthan water,

7、may be present in the leather, although their amountin any normal leather would be expected to be a very smallpercentage of the total volatile matter.4.3 Under the conditions of this test, certain materials inleather, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, mayretain moisture. Other materi

8、als, such as tannins and oils, maybe oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors inthe moisture determination.4.4 The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by agiven leather varies with (a) degree of grinding of the sample,(b) weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of t

9、heoven drying, (d) shape of the weighing container, and (e) typeof oven (gravity versus mechanical convection) used.4.5 Because of the above unknown errors, the result of thistest is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of thesample. It is, therefore, essential that the method be follow

10、edexactly in order to obtain reproducible results among labora-tories. This is particularly true if other chemical analytical testsbeing performed on the same sample are reported on themoisture-free basis.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Bottle4, glass, low-form, cylindrical with aground-glass stopper of st

11、andard taper. The bottle shall have 706 5 mm inside diameter, and 33 6 3 mm overall height.5.2 Oven, mechanical-convection draft capable of setting at100C, with a thermoregulator system capable of holding oventemperature within 6 2C of set point.Athermometer accurateto 60.2C should be used to check

12、and monitor the oven setpoint.5.3 Balance, capable of weighing up to 100 g with anaccuracy of 60.001 g.5.4 Desiccator, any convenient form or size, using anynormal desiccating agent such as calcium sulfate, calciumchloride, or silica gel.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee

13、D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on Chemical Analysis.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3790 - 79(2006)1.DOI: 10.1520/D3790-79R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, vi

14、sit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.

15、4Weighing bottles that have been found to be satisfactory are the Kimble GlassCo. No. 15166 and 15165 with 71/15 standard-taper caps and are available frommost laboratory supply houses.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

16、6. Sampling6.1 The leather shall be sampled in accordance with PracticeD2813.7. Procedure7.1 Insert the empty weighing bottle inside the invertedstoppered cap and place on a shelf in the oven at 100 6 2C for1 h or more. If the stopper has a handle then the stopper maybe placed on the shelf in the ov

17、en near the empty weighingbottle.7.2 Remove and place in a desiccator for at least 2 h to cool.7.3 Weigh and record to the nearest 60.001 g.7.4 Use the ground leather sample as specified in PracticeD2813 and transfer 5 6 1 g of ground leather into thepreviously weighed weighing bottle and stopper th

18、e bottle.7.5 Weigh the stoppered bottle to the nearest 60.001 g andrecord.NOTE 1Since leather varies greatly in moisture content dependingupon the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere, it is essential thatweighings be made rapidly from the sample. It is further recommendedthat no weighings of samp

19、les be carried out if the humidity of theatmosphere at the balance varies by more than 620 % from the humidityconditions under which the sample was equilibrated.NOTE 2The specimens for all chemical tests to be reported on amoisture-free basis should be weighed out at the same time as the moisturespe

20、cimens.7.6 Oven DryingInsert the weighing bottle containing thesample inside the inverted stoppered cap and place on a shelfin the mechanical-convection oven at 100 6 2C for 16 612h.7.7 Recap the bottle, place in the desiccator, and cool for atleast 2 h.7.8 Weigh and record to the nearest 60.001 g.8

21、. Calculations8.1 Calculate the percent volatile matter (moisture) as fol-lows:Volatile matter moisture!,%5S 2 DS 2 B3 100 (1)where:S = weight, of original specimen plus bottle plus cap, g,B = weight, of empty bottle plus cap, g, andD = weight, grams, of oven-dried sample plus bottle pluscap, g.9. R

22、eport9.1 Report the percent volatile matter on the as-receivedbasis for each of the two specimens and the average of the twospecimens to the nearest 0.01 %.10. Precision and Bias510.1 RepeatabilityThe average difference between tworesults obtained by the same analyst on different days willapproximat

23、e 0.2 % absolute. Two such values should beconsidered suspect (95 % confidence level) if they differ bymore than 0.5 % absolute.10.2 ReproducibilityThe average difference between tworesults (each the average of duplicate determinations) obtainedby analysts in different laboratories will approximate

24、0.3 %absolute. Two such values should be considered suspect (95 %confidence level) if they differ by more than 0.9 % absolute.10.3 This method is purely arbitrary and the bias cannot berelated to the true moisture content of the sample.11. Keywords11.1 moisture; volatile matterASTM International tak

25、es no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own re

26、sponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addres

27、sed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at th

28、e address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (ph

29、one), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).5The precision estimates are based on an interlaboratory study of six differenttypes of le

30、ather. One analyst in each of five laboratories performed two analyses oneach sample on successive days for a total of 60 analyses. Practice E180 was usedin developing these precision estimates. Supporting data have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting RR:D31-1004.D3790 79 (2012)2