ASTM D3791 D3791M-2011(2018) Standard Practice for Evaluating the Effects of Heat on Asphalts.pdf

1、Designation: D3791/D3791M 11 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forEvaluating the Effects of Heat on Asphalts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3791/D3791M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating some ofthe effects on asphalts of heating in the presence of litt

3、le or noair.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conf

4、ormancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory

5、 limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organiz

6、ation TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-rialsD36/D36M Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt MaterialsD1079 Terminology Relat

7、ing to Roofing and WaterproofingD2170/D2170M Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity ofAsphalts (Bitumens)D2171/D2171M Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts byVacuum Capillary ViscometerD4402/D4402M Test Method for Viscosity Determination ofAsphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a RotationalViscometerE1

8、 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE230/E230M Specification for Temperature-ElectromotiveForce (emf) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance Thermometers

9、3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms used in this practicecan be found in Terminology D1079.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A sample of asphalt in a loosely covered container isheated to a temperature chosen by the investigator for a periodof5h6 10 min. Certain characteristics of the asphalt

10、after heatexposure at the test temperature chosen are then compared withthose characteristics before exposure.NOTE 1Aset temperature is required when this practice is used as partof a specification. Historically, a temperature of 204C 400F has beenused.5. Significance and Use5.1 When asphalts are ma

11、intained at elevated temperaturesin the presence of air, their characteristics may change. Certainblown asphalts also soften when maintained near, and particu-larly above, their final blowing temperatures under virtuallyair-free conditions. This may happen if the asphalt is over-heated for applicati

12、on purposes. This practice provides auniform heat-treatment procedure and methods for evaluatingthe effect of this treatment on some of the characteristics ofasphalts. Changes observed when asphalts are overheated arenot indicative of changes to be expected when asphalts areheated to normal applicat

13、ion temperatures.6. Apparatus6.1 OvenA forced-ventilation oven conforming to therequirements for Type IIA as prescribed in Specification E145,1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on Surfacing

14、and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing.Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3791/D3791M 11.DOI: 10.1520/D3791_D3791M11R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM webs

15、ite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United State

16、sThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trad

17、e (TBT) Committee.1capable of maintaining temperatures up to 300C 572F, andwith a chamber at least 300 by 300 by 300 mm 12 by 12 by12 in.6.2 ThermometerASTM Low-Distillation Thermometer,having a range from 1 to + 300C 30 to 580F andconforming to the requirements for Thermometers 7C or 7F asprescribe

18、d in Specification E1.6.2.1 As an alternative, any other thermometric device usedshall be at least: (1) of equal accuracy to that of the thermom-eter specified in Specification E1,(2) capable of indicatingtemperature to within 1C 2F, and (3) stable to within 1C2F for the duration of the exposure.6.2

19、.2 When used, platinum resistance thermometers shall bein accordance with the requirements of Specification E1137/E1137M.6.2.3 When used, thermocouples shall be in accordancewith the requirements of Specification E230/E230M.6.3 Containers, triple-seal, friction-top, 1-L1-qt and 0.5-L1-pt cans with l

20、ids, free of any interior resinous or lacquercoatings.6.4 Laboratory Timer.6.5 Hot Plate.7. Sampling7.1 Sample the asphalt in accordance with Practice D140/D140M.8. Test Specimen and Sample8.1 Heat a minimum of 1 L 1 qt of the asphalt on the hotplate. Stir occasionally to prevent local overheating.

21、Keepcovered whenever possible to minimize volatiles loss. Heat thematerial until sufficiently fluid to pour, but in no case more than93C 200F above the softening point of the asphalt.8.2 When molten, pour the asphalt into a 0.5-L 1-ptcontainer to within 25 6 2 mm 1.0 6 0.1 in. of the top, andalso po

22、ur test specimens for determination of the characteris-tics of the original material in accordance with the methodslisted in Section 10. Test these specimens within the time limitsspecified by the respective test procedures.NOTE 2Pour a small amount of the asphalt in the groove around thetop of the

23、can, sufficient to act as a seal when the lid is placed loosely inposition.8.3 Cover the container loosely with a lid and set aside tocool. Subject the sample to heat treatment within 18 to 24 hafter pouring.9. Procedure9.1 Preheat the test oven to the selected temperature. Placethe container on a s

24、helf in the oven so as to permit aircirculation around it.9.2 Start the laboratory timer when the container has beenplaced in the oven and the door closed. Continue the heatingfor5h.9.3 Remove the container from the oven after 5 h. Removethe lid; if a skin is present, remove it carefully before allo

25、wingthe asphalt to cool. Stir the molten asphalt gently.9.4 Cool the sample to approximately the original pouringtemperature. Gently stir the sample to avoid air entrapment.Then, proceed to pour the test specimens.10. Test Methods10.1 Characteristics of asphalt before and after heat expo-sure may be

26、 evaluated in duplicate by any desired procedures,but the following methods are recommended:10.1.1 Softening PointTest Method D36/D36M.10.1.2 PenetrationTest Method D5/D5M.10.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D2170/D2170M or D2171/D2171M or D4402/D4402M.11. Report11.1 Report the heat-exposure temperature use

27、d.11.2 Report the presence or absence of a skin on theheat-exposed sample.11.3 Report the tests used to evaluate the sample before andafter heat exposure and the individual test result from eachprocedure.12. Keywords12.1 asphalts; heat exposure; overheated; physical propertychangesASTM International

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