1、Designation: D 3885 07aStandard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing andAbrasion Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3885; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination of theabrasion resistance of woven or nonwoven textile fabrics usingthe
3、 flexing and abrasion tester.1.2 This test method applies to most woven and nonwovenfabrics providing they do not stretch excessively. It is notapplicable to floor coverings.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the
4、 inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The valuesstated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-ing values from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith this test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to add
5、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1For other test methods for abrasion resistance of
6、textiles referto Test Methods D 3884, D 3886, D 4157, D 4158, D 4966, andAATCC 93.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2904 Practice for Inter
7、laboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D 3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (
8、Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)D 4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D 4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Uniform Abrasion)D 4850 Terminology Relating to FabricD 4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Martindal
9、e Abrasion Tester Method)D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)2.2 AATCC Test Method:AATCC 93 Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: AccelerotorMethod43. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, see Terminology D 4850.
10、3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:abrasion, abrasion cycle, breaking force, duoble-stroke, flex-ibility, standard atmosphere for preconditioning textiles, stan-dard atmosphere for testing textiles.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summ
11、ary of Test Method4.1 Abrasion resistance is measured by subjecting the speci-men to unidirectional reciprocal folding and rubbing over aspecific bar under specified conditions of pressure, tension, andabrasive action. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by eitherdetermining the percent loss in brea
12、king force of an abradedspecimen compared to an unabraded specimen or the cycles torupture, or both.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments because information onbetween-laboratory precision is known to be poor.1This test method is
13、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3885 07.2This test m
14、ethod is based upon the development described by Stoll, R.G.,“Improved MultipurposeAbrasion Tester and itsApplication for the Evaluation of theWear Resistance of Textiles,” Textile Research Journal, July, 1949, p. 394.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AS
15、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists,P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri May 9 03:05:14 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.5.1.1 If there are differe
17、nces of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are ashomogenous as possible, a
18、re drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test results were obtained, and are ran-domly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.Other fabrics with established test values may be used for thispurpose. The test results from the two laboratories should becompared using a stati
19、stical test for unpaired data, at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textilefabrics is ve
20、ry complex. The resistance to abrasion is affectedby many factors that include the inherent mechanical propertiesof the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of theyarns; the construction of the fabrics; the type, kind, andamount of treatment added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric; then
21、ature of the abradant; the variable action of the abradant overthe specimen area abraded; the tension on the specimen; thepressure between the specimen and the abradant; and thedimensional changes in the specimen.5.3 The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion canbe affected by the method of
22、evaluation and is often influencedby the judgment of the operator. It is recognized that with thistest method other means of evaluation besides cycles to ruptureand breaking strength have been used by the industry, such ascolor change, appearance change, and so forth. Experience hasshown these to be
23、 highly variable parameters and they are notrecommended without exact criteria identified in an applicablematerial specification or contract. Consequently, the criteria ofbreaking strength and cycles to rupture are the recommendedmeans of evaluation because they are considered the leastvariable and
24、interlaboratory agreement is likely to be obtainedmore easily.5.4 Abrasion tests are subject to variations due to changes inthe abradant bar during specific tests. The abradant bar isconsidered a permanent abradant that uses a hardened metalsurface. It is assumed that the abradant will not changeapp
25、reciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similarabradants used in different laboratories will not likely change atthe same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradantsmay also change due to pickup of treatments or other materialfrom test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned
26、at frequentintervals. Consequently, depending upon its usage, theabradant bar must be checked periodically against a standard.5.5 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as mea-sured by this test method does not include all the factors whichaccount for wear performance or durability in actua
27、l use. Whilethe abrasion resistance stated in terms of the number of cyclesand durability (defined as the ability to withstand deteriorationor wearing out in use, including the effects of abrasion) arefrequently related, the relationship varies with different enduses. Different factors may be necess
28、ary in any calculation ofpredicted durability from specific abrasion data.5.5.1 Laboratory tests may be reliable as an indication ofrelative end use in cases where the difference in abrasionresistance of various materials is large, but they should not berelied upon where differences in laboratory te
29、st findings aresmall. In general, the results should not be relied upon forprediction of performance during actual wear life for specificend uses unless there are data showing the specific relationshipbetween laboratory abrasion tests and actual wear in theintended end use.5.6 This test method is us
30、eful for pretreating material forsubsequent testing for strength or barrier performance.5.7 The pressure and tension used is varied, depending onthe mass and nature of the material and the end-use application.Whenever possible, all materials that are to be compared witheach other should be tested un
31、der the same pressure andtension.5.8 When abrasion tests are continued to total destruction,abrasion resistance comparisons are not practical for fabricshaving a different mass because the change in abrasionresistance is not directly proportional to the change in thefabric mass.5.9 All the test meth
32、ods and instruments that have beendeveloped for abrasion resistance may show a high degree ofvariability in results obtained by different operators and indifferent laboratories, however, they represent the methodsmost widely used in the industry. Because there is a definiteneed for measuring the rel
33、ative resistance to abrasion, this testmethod is one of several standardized test methods that isuseful to help minimize the inherent variation that may occurin results.5.10 These general observations apply to most fabrics,including woven and nonwoven fabrics that are used inautomotive, household, a
34、nd wearing apparel applications.6. Apparatus6.1 Flex Abrasion Testing Machine5(see Figs. 1 and 2),consisting of the following:6.1.1 Balanced Head and Flex Block Assembly, that has twoparallel, smooth plates.6.1.1.1 The balanced head is rigidly supported by a double-lever assembly to provide free mov
35、ement in a directionperpendicular to the plate of the flex block. This head mustremain stationary during the test and must be balanced tomaintain a uniform vertical pressure from the dead weights.6.1.1.2 The flex block is capable of reciprocating at 115 610 double strokes per minute of 25 6 2-mm (1
36、6 0.1-in.)stroke length.6.1.1.3 Clamps are secured to the front of each plate of thehead and flex-block assemblies to permit mounting of thespecimen. The clamps have surfaces that prevent slippage ofthe specimen and permit the specimen after it has been foldedover the abradant bar to be centrally po
37、sitioned and alignedwith its long direction parallel to the reciprocating flex bar.6.1.2 Flexing Bar Yoke, sufficiently rigid to prevent distor-tion during the specimen loading and capable of applyingtension to the rigidly secured flexing bar with the force acting5Apparatus and accessories are comme
38、rcially available.D 3885 07a2Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri May 9 03:05:14 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.parallel to the surface of the head and block assembly platesand perpendicular to the fold of
39、 the specimen such that anevenly distributed tension is provided across the fold of thespecimen.6.1.2.1 A positioning device is provided to position theflexing bar and yoke assembly while loading the specimen suchthat the edge of the flexing bar is parallel to the fold of thespecimen during the test
40、. The positioning device is capable ofmoving into contact with the yoke prior to loading thespecimen and moving away from contact with the yoke justprior to starting the test machine.6.1.3 Thumb Screw, that allows moving the clamp to pro-vide slack take-up of the specimen.6.1.4 Machine Stopping Mech
41、anism, a microswitch, orequivalent, to stop the machine, actuated by the release of thetension on the specimen when it ruptures.6.1.5 Cycle Counter, to record the number of cycles (doublestrokes) and stop the machine at fabric failure.6.1.6 Automatic Shutoff, as part of the cycle counter orin-line t
42、imer, or equivalent, with set and stop mechanismcapable of stopping the machine at a predetermined number ofcycles.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Flexing and Abrasion TesterFIG. 2 Commercial Flexing and Abrasion TesterD 3885 07a3Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Fri May 9 03:05:14 EDT 2008D
43、ownloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6.1.7 Calibrated Tension Weights, with individual masses of250, 500, and 1000 g (12 , 1, and 2 lbf) that can provide up toa total of 2500 g (5 lbf) that fit on a weight rack that is attachedby cab
44、les to the yoke to adjust tension to the specimen.Individual weight tolerances are 61%.6.1.8 Calibrated Head Weights, with individual masses of250, 500, and 1000 g (12 , 1, and 2 lbf) that can provide up toa total of 2500 g (5 lbf) that fits on the balanced head, to applypressure to the specimen. In
45、dividual weight tolerances are61%.6.2 Working Flex Bar, used for testing, 1.6 6 0.4 by 11.2 61.6 mm (116 6164 by716 6716 in.) in cross section, made withtool steel tipped with an edge of cemented carbide. The top,bottom, and edge of the bar that is in contact with the specimenis finished by grinding
46、 and polishing, leveling off the micro-scopic projection without breaking the edges of the bar. The baris capable of firmly attaching to the yoke.6.3 Standardized Master Flex Bar, to standardize the work-ing flex bar, including storage container to prevent bar damage,available from the manufacturer.
47、6.4 Calibration Ribbon5, fused acetate ribbon, 25 mm (1 in.)wide, available from the manufacturer.6.5 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRT typeconforming to Specification D76, with respect to force indi-cation, working range, capacity, and elongation indicator anddesigned for operation a
48、t a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 60.5 in./min); or, a variable speed drive, change gears, orinterchangeable full-scale force range as required to obtain 206 3 s time-to-break.6.6 Nylon Brush, medium bristle, or equivalent.6.7 Acetone, or other appropriate solvent to clean the flexbar (see 7.1)7. Haz
49、ardous Materials7.1 Solvents used in this test method may be hazardous.Refer to the manufacturers material safety data sheets forinformation on use, handling, storage, and disposal of solventsused with this test method.8. Sampling and Test Specimens8.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider rolls of fabric orfabric components of fabricated systems to be the primarysampling unit, as applicable.8.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m(1yd)inlength along the selvage (machine direction),after removing
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