1、Designation: D 3930 93a (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forAdhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction ofManufactured Homes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification provides a standard for measuring and evaluating the performance of a
3、dhesivesthat will be used in joints of wood-based materials in constructing manufactured homes. Thisspecification has two parts: Part I contains the requirements necessary for an adhesive to conform tothis specification; and Part II provides test methods by which the performance of the adhesives wil
4、lbe measured. A classification system is provided that groups adhesives according to resistance todeformation under load, resistance to moisture, and gap-filling ability. Minimum test values have beenspecified for certain properties of durability, while other property requirements are left open-ende
5、d.The test methods used to obtain these values reflect adverse exposure and stress conditions that existduring the construction, transit, and use of manufactured homes. By using values published from theseprescribed test methods, the design engineer can select an adhesive that best meets the require
6、mentsof a specific adhesive application.The test methods used in this specification were developed predominantly from existing ASTMstandards, while others came from standards that have been generally accepted for years. Some testmethods were more recently developed. In most instances, only parts of
7、these standards have beenused in this specification. Since no precision and bias statements are available from the original testmethods, none can be made for this specification at this time.PART I REQUIREMENTS1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the means to measure andevaluate the performance of
8、 adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes.Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood,particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does notcover other adhesives used in m
9、anufactured homes such asadhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic lami-nates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applica-tions.1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in thefollowing tests:Number Test Section1 Low Temperature 152 Dry Lumber 163 Gap-Filling 174
10、 High Temperature 185 Type 3 Qualification 196 Type 2 Qualification 207 Aging, Film Oxidation 218 Aging, Bond Oxidation 229 Resistance to Deformation, Creep 2310 Mold 2411 Type 1 Qualification 251.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses
11、are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
12、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on ConstructionAdhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Publ
13、ished April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3930 93a (1999)e1.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents22.1 ASTM Standards:A 269 Specification for Seamless a
14、nd Welded AusteniticStainless Steel Tubing for General ServiceA 376/A 376M Specification for Seamless Austenitic SteelPipe for High-Temperature Central-Station ServiceD 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1002 Test M
15、ethod for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D 2294 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives inShear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D 2339 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives inTwo-Ply Wood Constructi
16、on in Shear by Tension LoadingD3110 Specification forAdhesives Used in Laminate Jointsfor Nonstructural Glued Lumber ProductsD 3632 Test Method for Accelerated Aging of AdhesiveJoints by the Oxygen-Pressure Method3D 3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-Filling Adhesive Bonds in Shear by
17、Compression LoadingD 4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films toSupport or Resist the Growth of Fungi3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this specification are de-fined in Terminology D 907.3.1.1 creep, nin an adhesive, the time-dependent increasein strain resulting from a sustained st
18、ress.3.1.2 gap-filling adhesive, nan adhesive capable of form-ing and maintaining a bond between surfaces that are notclose-fitting.3.1.2.1 DiscussionClose fitting is relative to a givenmaterial and industry; for example, standards in constructiondiffer from standards in electronics. Some adhesives
19、will bondby bridging without completely filling the gap; others by fillingthe gap completely.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 manufactured home4a structure, transportable inone or more sections which in the traveling mode is 8 body feetor more in width or 40 body feet or more
20、 in length or whenerected on site, is 320 or more square feet and which is built ona permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling withor without a permanent foundation when connected to therequired utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems con
21、tained therein. Calcu-lations used to determine the number of square feet in astructure will be based on the structures exterior dimensionsmeasured at the largest horizontal projections when erected onsite. These dimensions will include all expandable rooms, baywindows, cabinets, and other projectio
22、ns containing interiorspace.3.2.2 semi-structural adhesivean adhesive capable oftransferring required loads between adherends and whichdeforms a maximum of 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) under static loadwhen tested in accordance with Test 9, Section 23.3.2.3 structural adhesivean adhesive capable of transfer-
23、ring required loads between adherends and which deforms amaximum of 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) under static load when testedin accordance with Test 9, Section 23.3.2.4 total deformationthe total dimensional change withtime of a material under constant load, and consisting of theinitial instantaneous elasti
24、c or rapid deformation and the slowertime dependent deformation or creep.3.2.5 Type 1 adhesivean adhesive that will retain its bondintegrity when the joint is repeatedly wetted and dried.3.2.6 Type 2 adhesivean adhesive intended for use inprotected locations but that will maintain its bond integrity
25、when the bond is subjected to occasional wetting.3.2.7 Type 3 adhesivean adhesive intended for use ininterior locations, but that will maintain its bond integrityduring conditions of high humidity.NOTE 1The following ASTM standards may be referred to for otherterms used in this specification: D 9, T
26、erms Relating to Timber; D 907,Terms Relating to Adhesives; D 1165, Nomenclature of Domestic Hard-woods and Softwoods; E 6, Terms Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting; and E 41, Terms Relating to Conditioning.4. Classification4.1 Adhesives shall be classified as follows (see Table 1):4.1.1 By re
27、sistance to deformation as:4.1.1.1 Group A, Structural; or Group B, Semistructural,4.1.2 By resistance to water and water vapor as:4.1.2.1 Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3, and4.1.3 By gap-filling ability.4.1.3.1 Those adhesives tested in accordance with Test 3,Section 17, shall carry the designation G/F.5
28、. Significance and Use5.1 Shear Strength This specification requires determin-ing ultimate shear strength of adhesive bonds under a variety ofconditions of assembly and service.5.2 Gap-Filling AbilityGap-filling adhesives must be ca-pable of maintaining a bond between construction memberswhose fayin
29、g surfaces are not closely matched. The gap-fillingability and shear strength are determined for116-in. (1.6-mm)2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
30、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4This definition conforms to that of the U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment (Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of1974 as amended in proposed rules in the Federal Register, Vol 48, No. 152, Aug.7, 1981
31、, pp. 40498 to 40500).TABLE 1 Tests Required for Group A (Structural), and Group B(Semi-Structural) AdhesivesType Recommended UseTests Required(Test Number)1Ainterior-exterior 1, 2, 4, 7 (or 8), 9, 10, 11B2Ainterior-weather protected 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 (or 8), 9, 103Ainterior 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 (or 8), 9, 10A
32、To qualify as G/F (gap-filling), adhesives must be tested by Test 3, Section 17.BThe exposure and testing conditions for the cyclic-boil and vacuum-pressuretests, described in the Exposure Conditions and Treatments section of Specifica-tion D3110, shall apply to Test 11.D 3930 93a (2005)2gap between
33、 members. The adhesive manufacturer may qualifylarger gap-filling abilities, provided the adhesive is tested andshear values are provided for the greater dimension.5.3 Total Deformation ResistanceThe total deformationof an adhesive under static load is used to establish thestructural grouping for th
34、e adhesive. The adhesive manufac-turer determines the maximum shear stress below which theadhesive will perform structurally and semi-structurally inaccordance with the description of terms used in this specifi-cation, and also reports the stress used for testing the adhesive.To ensure that the tota
35、l deformation is approaching a zero rateof increase, no more than 25 % of the deformation is allowedto occur during the last half of the test period.5.4 Moisture and Temperature Limitations DuringFabricationAdhesives may be used under a wide variety ofmoisture and temperature conditions. To ensure r
36、eliable per-formance under test conditions, adhesive shear strength isdetermined for specified adverse moisture and temperatureconditions.5.5 High- and Low-Temperature ResistanceThe adhesiveis tested at high and low temperatures to determine whetherextremes in temperature would cause problems in bon
37、ding.5.6 Moisture ResistanceThe adhesive is tested at threelevels of exposure. Adhesive durability for Type 1 is deter-mined by exposure to a cyclic boil and a vacuum-pressure test.For Type 2, a vacuum-soak is used. For Type 3, a humidity testat elevated temperature is used.5.7 Aging, Oxidation Resi
38、stanceTo ensure that the adhe-sive does not become embrittled or substantially deterioratewith age, the adhesive film or tensile lap shear specimensbonded with the adhesive, are exposed to pure oxygen at anelevated temperature and pressure.5.8 Mold Resistance Conditions fostering the growth ofmold a
39、re encountered in the structural spaces of walls, floors,and roofs. The adhesive is tested against three species of moldcommonly present on wood, either as separate tests or as asingle test with a mixed culture of the mold species.6. Test Methods6.1 The tests required for compliance with this specif
40、icationare given in Table 1.6.2 The compliance criteria for Tests 1 through 11, Sections15-25, are given in Table 2.6.2.1 For Tests 1 through 6, Sections 15-20, and Test 11,Section 25, only test results must be reported.6.2.1.1 Type 1 adhesives in Group A or Group B shall beevaluated on the basis of
41、 test specimens prepared in accordancewith Sections 13 and 25, and subsequently exposed and testedin accordance with the procedures for the cyclic-boil andvacuum-pressure tests specified for wet-use adhesives in theExposure Conditions and Treatments section of SpecificationD3110. The only exception
42、is that average strength valuesshall be reported in pounds-force per square inch (or megapas-cals).6.2.2 Minimum performance levels are given for Test 7,Section 21; Test 8, Section 22; and Test 10, Section 24.6.2.3 For Test 9, Section 23, an evaluation shall be made onthe basis of the loads used to
43、test the adhesive for totaldeformation.7. Sampling7.1 Take a representative sample from each lot of adhesiveto be tested.7.1.1 For liquid or paste adhesives, the sample from each lotshall not be less than 1 qt (946 mL).7.1.2 For adhesives consisting of more than one part, take asufficient sample of
44、each part in order to prepare not less than2 lb (908 g) of adhesive at the time of use.7.1.3 For dry adhesives, the sample from each lot shall notbe less than 2 lb (908 g).7.2 Consult the adhesive manufacturer as to proper packingand handling of the sample.8. Retest and Rejection8.1 If the results o
45、f any initial test do not conform to therequirements prescribed in this specification, that test shall berepeated on two additional sets of specimens from a newsample of the same lot of adhesive, each of which shallconform to the requirements specified. If either of these twoadditional sets of speci
46、mens fail to meet the requirements, thelot or batch of material shall be rejected.TABLE 2 Performance RequirementsTest Number Section Number Test Description RequirementsConditions of Application:1 15 low temperature shear strengthA2 16 dry lumber shear strengthA3 17 gap-filling shear strengthAMeasu
47、rements of Durability:4 18 high temperature shear strengthA5 19 Type 3 Qualification shear strengthA6 20 Type 2 Qualification shear strengthA7 21 aging, film oxidation one, 180 bend around a14-in. (6.4-mm) mandrel with none ofthe 5 specimens breaking8 22 aging, bond oxidation maintain 50 % of origin
48、al shear strength9 23 resistance to deformation (creep) Group A: 0.006 in. (0.152 mm)BGroup B: 0.050 in. (1.27 mm)B10 24 mold no growth after 14 days11 25 Type 1 Qualification shear strengthAAPost average shear strength.BMaximum allowable total deformation under given load and conditions of 23.2.2.D
49、 3930 93a (2005)39. Certification9.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, amanufacturers certification that the adhesive was manufac-tured in conformance with this specification shall be furnishedat the time of shipment.10. Packaging10.1 The material shall be packaged in standard commercialcontainers, as required by Department of Transportation regu-lations, if applicable. The containers shall be so constructed asto ensure acceptance by common or other carrier for safetransportation at the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unlessothe
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