1、Designation: D 3948 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Water Separation Characteristics of AviationTurbine Fuels by Portable Separometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of
3、 Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for fieldand laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels torelease entrained or emulsified water when passed throughfiberglass coalescing material.1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains twodifferent
4、 modes of test equipment operation. The primarydifference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuelflow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test methodselection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The
5、values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
6、 regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristicsof Aviation Turbine Fuels3D 3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels3D 4306 P
7、ractice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Contamination2.2 Military Standards:4MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, andJP-5/JP-8 STMIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,NATO F 34 (JP-8), NATO F-35
8、, and JP-8+1003. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP)a numericalvalue indicating the ease of separating emulsified water fromfuel by coalescence as affected by the presence of surfaceactive materials (surfactants).3.1.1.1 DiscussionMSEP
9、ratings obtained using Test Aand Test B are termed MSEP-Aand MSEP-B, respectively. TheMSEP rating is comparable to the Water Separometer Index,Modified (WSIM) and the Minisonic Separometer Surfactants(MSS) of Test Method D 2550 and field Test Method D 3602,respectively.3.1.1.2 DiscussionThe results
10、of precision programs withthe Micro-Separometer and its correlation with other ratingmethods (Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602) are discussed inAppendix X3.53.1.2 reference fluidsfuels that have been, as a minimum,clay treated and, as required, subjected to a water wash processand passed through a fil
11、ter separator; and to which prescribedquantities of a known surface active agent (typically bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate in toluene) have been added.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringeusing a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled from
12、the syringe at a programmed rate through a standard fiber-glasscoalescer and the effluent is analyzed for uncoalesced water by1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanl
13、iness.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 394807.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
14、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094,
15、 Attn: NPODS.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D021050.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
16、28-2959, United States.a light transmission measurement. The results are reported ona 0-to-100 scale to the nearest whole number. High ratingsindicate the water is easily coalesced, implying that the fuel isrelatively free of surfactant materials. A test can be performedin 5 to 10 min.5. Significanc
17、e and Use5.1 This test method provides a measure of the presence ofsurfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like Test Methods D 2550and D 3602, this test method can detect carryover traces ofrefinery treating residues in fuel as produced. They can alsodetect surface active substances added to or picke
18、d up by thefuel during handling from point of production to point of use.Certain additives can also have an adverse effect on the rating.Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separatorsto separate free water from the fuel.5.2 The Micro-Separometer has a measurement range from50 to 10
19、0. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefinedand invalid. In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained,there is a good probability that light transmittance was reducedby material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 referencelevel. The material was subsequently removed during th
20、ecoalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had ahigher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtainthe 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring inexcess of 100.5.3 Test Mode A function of the separometer will giveapproximately the same rating for Jet A, J
21、et A-1, MIL JP-5,MIL JP-7, and MIL JP-8 fuels as Test Methods D 2550 andD 3602. Using Mode A water separation characteristic ratingsof Jet B and MIL JP-4 fuels will not necessarily be equivalentto Test Method D 2550 but will give approximately the samerating as Test Method D 3602. All Micro-Separome
22、ters haveTest Mode A capability.5.4 The Test Mode B option is used to determine waterseparation ratings for MIL JP-4 fuels containing fuel systemcorrosion and icing inhibitors. These ratings are approximatelythe same as those obtained using Test Method D 2550.5.5 Selection of Mode A or Mode B depend
23、s on the specificfuel and specification requirement. Table 1 identifies therecommended test method for various fuels.5.6 The basic difference between ModesAand B is the flowrate at which the water/fuel emulsion is forced through thestandard fiberglass coalescer cell. The lapsed time required toforce
24、 the emulsion through the coalescer cell in Mode A is 456 2 s, whereas, Mode B requires 25 6 1s.6. Apparatus6.1 A Micro-Separometer6,7is used to perform the test. Theunit is completely portable and self-contained, capable ofoperating on an internal rechargeable battery pack or beingconnected to an a
25、c power source using power cords which areavailable for various voltages. Connection to an ac powersource will provide power to the unit and affect batteryrecharge. The accessories as well as the expendable materialsfor six tests can be packed in the cover of the lockable case.NOTE 1An extensive stu
26、dy was performed to verify that the Mark XMicro-Separometer gives equivalent results to the Mark V DeluxeMicro-Separometer. See Research Report RR D021647.8NOTE 2The Mark X has a universal power supply and requires onlyone power cord as compared to the Mark V Deluxe that requires individualpower cor
27、ds for different voltages.6.2 The Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Mark Xand associated control panel are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively. The emulsifier is on the right side of the raisedpanel and the syringe drive mechanism is on the left side. Thecontrol panel containing the operating
28、controls is mounted onthe fixed panel in the left side of the case. Table 2 lists themanual and audio operating characteristics of the instruments.6.2.1 All of the controls are located in a pushbutton array onthe control panel. The pushbuttons illuminate when depressedthus indicating operational sta
29、tus. A circuit breaker located onthe control panel provides protection for the ac power circuit.6.2.2 The Mark X has an LCD display on the control panelthat provides information to the operator during the test. Theinformation includes test status and an error code that definesa malfunction in the Mi
30、cro-Separometer.6.2.3 The turbidimeter is located under the main controlpanel and consists of a well in which the sample vial is placed,a light source, and a photocell.6.2.4 By depressing the ON pushbutton, the electroniccircuits are energized. The ON pushbutton pulses on and offwhen the instruments
31、 are being operated by an ac source andconstantly remains on when the battery (dc) pack is used. Thelettered pushbuttons will sequentially illuminate on and offindicating READY operational status.NOTE 3Of the lettered (A-G) pushbuttons on the control panel of theMark V Deluxe, only the A and B pushb
32、uttons are applicable to this testmethod. Of the lettered (Jet A Diesel) pushbuttons on the control panelof the Mark X, only the Jet A and Jet B pushbuttons are applicable to thistest method.6.2.5 The RESET pushbutton can be depressed at any timeto cancel the test in progress and restore the program
33、 to theinitial start mode. The lettered pushbuttons commence to6The sole source of supply of the apparatus, the Model 1140 Micro-SeparometerMark V Deluxe and Mark X, known to the committee at this time is EMCEEElectronics, Inc., 520 CypressAve., Venice, FL 34285, www.emcee-. If you are aware of alte
34、rnative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7The Model 1140 Micro-Separometers Mark III and Mark V Standard versionsmay also be used, bu
35、t they are no longer supported by the manufacturer. Foroperating procedures using these instruments, the user is referred to D 394887.8Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D021647.TABLE 1 Applicable Test Mode for Vari
36、ous FuelsAvailable Test Mode(s)Fuel Applicable Test ModeJet A AJet A-1 AJet B AMIL JP-5 AMIL JP-7 AMIL JP-8 AMIL JP-4 BD3948082sequentially illuminate, thus indicating a READY operationalstatus enabling test mode selection.6.2.6 Mark V Operation:6.2.6.1 Selection of Test Mode A or Test Mode B progra
37、msis accomplished by depressing either the A or B letteredpushbutton. The depressed pushbutton illuminates and thesequential illumination of the other lettered pushbuttonsceases. The START pushbutton also illuminates.6.2.6.2 The START pushbutton, when depressed initially,initiates the CLEAN cycle ca
38、using the syringe drive mecha-nism to travel to the UP position and the emulsifier motor tooperate for the cleaning operation.6.2.6.3 The START pushbutton, when depressed after theCLEAN cycle, initiates the automatic program sequence caus-ing the read indicator and the two ARROWED pushbuttons toillu
39、minate, indicating that a full-scale adjustment period is ineffect. A numerical value also appears on the meter.6.2.6.4 By depressing the appropriate ARROWED pushbut-ton, the displayed value on the meter can be increased ordecreased, as required, to attain the 100 reference level for thevial of fuel
40、 sample in the turbidimeter.6.2.7 Mark X Operation:6.2.7.1 Selection of Test ModeAor Test Mode B program isaccomplished by depressing either the Jet A or Jet B letteredpushbutton. The depressed pushbutton illuminates and thesequential illumination of the other lettered pushbuttonsceases. The CLEAN 1
41、 pushbutton also illuminates.6.2.7.2 The first and second clean cycles are initiated bydepressing the CLEAN 1 and CLEAN 2 pushbuttons. TheRUN pushbutton will illuminate at the end of the second cleancycle.6.2.7.3 The automatic portion of the test sequence is initi-ated by depressing the RUN pushbutt
42、on.6.2.7.4 The 100 reference level for the vial of fuel in theturbidimeter is set automatically and does not require anyadjustment. If the turbidimeter could not auto adjust to 100, theerror alert indicator illuminates and an ERR-04 is displayed.6.3 Accessory equipment and expendable materials neede
43、dto perform the test are shown in Fig. 3 and consist of thefollowing:6.3.1 Syringe Plug, (A)A plastic plug used to stopper thesyringe during the CLEAN and EMULSION cycles.6.3.2 Syringe, (Barrel (B) and Plunger (C)A disposableplastic syringe.FIG. 1 Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Associated Contr
44、ol PanelFIG. 2 Micro-Separometer Mark X and Associated Control PanelFIG. 3 Test Supplies and Small PartsD39480836.3.2.1 Use of syringes other than those demonstrated to befree of surfactant contamination in a precision program such asdescribed in Section 12 will render test results invalid.6.3.3 Via
45、ls,(D), 25-mm outside diameter vial premarked forproper alignment in the turbidimeter well.6.3.4 Alumicel,9Coalescer (E), is an expendable, precali-brated aluminum coalescer cell with a tapered end to fit thesyringe. The coalescer has three labels as follows: AlumicelD 3948JET FUEL.6.3.5 Pipet, (G)
46、with Plastic Tip (F)An automatic handpipet with a disposable plastic tip.Apipet is supplied with eachMicro-Separometer.6.3.6 Water Container (H)A clean container of distilledwater (supplied with each six pack).6.3.7 Beaker, Catch Pan, or Plastic ContainerSuppliedwith each Micro-Separometer may be us
47、ed to receive the wastefuel during the coalescence period of the test (not shown).6.4 A new syringe, pipet tip, test sample vials, syringe plug,Alumicel coalescer, and distilled water are used in each test.These expendable materials are available in a kit, termedMicro-Separometer Six Pack, containin
48、g supplies for six tests(Fig. 4).107. Reagents7.1 Aerosol OT, solid (100 % dry) bis-2-ethylhexyl sodiumsulfosuccinate.7.2 Toluene, ACS reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Vapor harmful.).7.3 Dispersing AgentToluene solution (WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.) containing 1 mg of Aerosol OTper millilitre
49、of toluene.7.4 Reference Fluid BaseA surfactant-free clean hydro-carbon material which is used to verify proper operation and isprepared in the manner described in Appendix X1.(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.)7.5 Reference Fluids(WarningFlammable. Vaporharmful.) (for checking the operational performance of theMicro-Separometer instrumentation) consist of increasing con-centrations (0 to 1.2 mL/L) of dispersing agent added to the9A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc.10A kit containing six each of these test expendables is availab
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