1、Designation: D3948 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Water Separation Characteristics of AviationTurbine Fuels by Portable Separometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofor
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Departmen
3、t of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for fieldand laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels torelease entrained or emulsified water when passed throughfiberglass coalescing material.1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains twodiffe
4、rent modes of test equipment operation. The primarydifference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuelflow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test methodselection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.
5、The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bilit
6、y of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristicsof Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)3D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics ofAviation Turb
7、ine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)3D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD7224 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Con-taining Additives by Portable SeparometerD7261 Test Method for Determi
8、ning Water Separation Char-acteristics of Diesel Fuels by Portable Separometer2.2 Military Standards:4MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, andJP-5/JP-8 STMIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,NATO F34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and J
9、P-8+1003. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method that arenot shown below, refer to Test Methods D7224 and D7261.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 Micro-Separometer5rating (MSEP5rating), nin theaviation fuel industry, a numerical value indicating the ease ofseparating emulsified water f
10、rom aviation (jet) fuel by coales-cence as affected by the presence of surface active materials(also known as surface active agents or surfactants).3.2.1.1 DiscussionMSEP ratings obtained using Test Aand Test B are termed MSEP-A and MSEP-B, respectively.3.2.1.2 DiscussionMSEP ratings are only valid
11、within therange of 50 to 100, with ratings at the upper end of the rangeindicating a clean fuel with little or no contamination bysurfactants, which is expected to show good water-separatingproperties when passed through a filter-separator (coalescing-type filter) in actual service.3.2.2 reference f
12、luid, nin MSEP and DSEP5diesel sepa-rability water separability tests, a reference fluid base towhich a prescribed quantity of a known surface active agenthas been added.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe known surface active agent is typi-cally bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, commonly re-ferred to as AO
13、T, dissolved in toluene.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved
14、 in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3948 13. DOI:10.1520/D3948-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pa
15、ge onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5MSEP, DSEP, and Micro-Separometer are trademarks of EMCEEElect
16、ronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 surfactant, nin petroleum fuels, surface active ma-terial (or surf
17、ace active agent) that could disarm (deactivate)filter separator (coalescing) elements so that free water is notremoved from the fuel in actual service.3.2.3.1 DiscussionTechnically, surfactants affect the inter-facial tension between water and fuel which affects thetendency of water to coalesce int
18、o droplets.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 reference fluid base, nin aviation MSEP waterseparability tests, jet fuel that has been cleaned in a prescribedmanner to remove all surface-active contaminants (agents), andhaving a minimum MSEP rating of 97.4. Summary of Test Metho
19、d4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringeusing a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled fromthe syringe at a programmed rate through a standard fiberglasscoalescer and the effluent is analyzed for uncoalesced water bya light transmission measurement. The results are reported
20、 ona 0-to-100 scale to the nearest whole number. High ratingsindicate the water is easily coalesced, implying that the fuel isrelatively free of surfactant materials. A test can be performedin 5 min to 10 min.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a measure of the presence ofsurfactant
21、s in aviation turbine fuels. Like Test Methods D2550and D3602, this test method can detect carryover traces ofrefinery treating residues in fuel as produced. They can alsodetect surface active substances added to or picked up by thefuel during handling from point of production to point of use.Certai
22、n additives can also have an adverse effect on the rating.Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separatorsto separate free water from the fuel.5.2 The Micro-Separometer has a measurement range from50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefinedand invalid. In the eve
23、nt a value greater than 100 is obtained,there is a good probability that light transmittance was reducedby material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 referencelevel. The material was subsequently removed during thecoalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had ahigher light tra
24、nsmittance than the fuel sample used to obtainthe 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring inexcess of 100.5.3 Test Mode A function of the separometer will giveapproximately the same rating for Jet A, Jet A-1, MIL JP-5,MIL JP-7, and MIL JP-8 fuels as Test Methods D2550 andD3602. U
25、sing Mode A water separation characteristic ratingsof Jet B and MIL JP-4 fuels will not necessarily be equivalentto Test Method D2550 but will give approximately the samerating as Test Method D3602. All Micro-Separometers haveTest Mode A capability.5.4 The Test Mode B option is used to determine wat
26、erseparation ratings for MIL JP-4 fuels containing fuel systemcorrosion and icing inhibitors. These ratings are approximatelythe same as those obtained using Test Method D2550.5.5 Selection of Mode A or Mode B depends on the specificfuel and specification requirement. Table 1 identifies therecommend
27、ed test method for various fuels.5.6 The basic difference between ModesAand B is the flowrate at which the water/fuel emulsion is forced through thestandard fiberglass coalescer cell. The lapsed time required toforce the emulsion through the coalescer cell in Mode A is 45 s6 2 s, whereas, Mode B req
28、uires 25 s 6 1s.6. Apparatus6.1 A Micro-Separometer6,7is used to perform the test. Theunit is completely portable and self-contained, capable ofoperating on an internal rechargeable battery pack or beingconnected to an ac power source using power cords which areavailable for various voltages. Connec
29、tion to an ac powersource will provide power to the unit and affect batteryrecharge. The accessories as well as the expendable materialsfor six tests can be packed in the cover of the lockable case.NOTE 1An extensive study was performed to verify that the Mark XMicro-Separometer gives equivalent res
30、ults to the Mark V DeluxeMicro-Separometer. See Research Report RR:D02-1647.8NOTE 2The Mark X has a universal power supply and requires onlyone power cord as compared to the Mark V Deluxe that requires individualpower cords for different voltages.6.2 The Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Mark Xand
31、 associated control panel are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively. The emulsifier is on the right side of the raisedpanel and the syringe drive mechanism is on the left side. Thecontrol panel containing the operating controls is mounted onthe fixed panel in the left side of the case. Table 2 lis
32、ts themanual and audio operating characteristics of the instruments.6.2.1 All of the controls are located in a pushbutton array onthe control panel. The pushbuttons illuminate when depressedthus indicating operational status. A circuit breaker located onthe control panel provides protection for the
33、ac power circuit.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus, the Model 1140 Micro-SeparometerMark V Deluxe and Mark X, known to the committee at this time is EmceeElectronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285, www.emcee-. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinforma
34、tion to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.7The Model 1140 Micro-Separometers Mark III and Mark V Standard versionsmay also be used, but they are no longer supported by the manufact
35、urer. Foroperating procedures using these instruments, the user is referred to D394887.8Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1647.TABLE 1 Applicable Test Mode for Various FuelsAvailable Test Mode(s)Fuel Applicable
36、Test ModeJet A AJet A-1 AJet B AMIL JP-5 AMIL JP-7 AMIL JP-8 AMIL JP-4 BD3948 1426.2.2 The Mark X has an LCD display on the control panelthat provides information to the operator during the test. Theinformation includes test status and an error code that definesa malfunction in the Micro-Separometer
37、.6.2.3 The turbidimeter is located under the main controlpanel and consists of a well in which the sample vial is placed,a light source, and a photocell.6.2.4 By depressing the ON pushbutton, the electroniccircuits are energized. The ON pushbutton pulses on and offwhen the instruments are being oper
38、ated by an ac source andconstantly remains on when the battery (dc) pack is used. Thelettered pushbuttons will sequentially illuminate on and offindicating READY operational status.NOTE 3Of the lettered (A-G) pushbuttons on the control panel of theMark V Deluxe, only the A and B pushbuttons are appl
39、icable to this testmethod. Of the lettered (Jet A Diesel) pushbuttons on the control panelof the Mark X, only the Jet A and Jet B pushbuttons are applicable to thistest method.6.2.5 The RESET pushbutton can be depressed at any timeto cancel the test in progress and restore the program to theinitial
40、start mode. The lettered pushbuttons commence tosequentially illuminate, thus indicating a READY operationalstatus enabling test mode selection.6.2.6 Mark V Operation:6.2.6.1 Selection of Test Mode A or Test Mode B programsis accomplished by depressing either the A or B letteredpushbutton. The depre
41、ssed pushbutton illuminates and thesequential illumination of the other lettered pushbuttonsceases. The START pushbutton also illuminates.6.2.6.2 The START pushbutton, when depressed initially,initiates the CLEAN cycle causing the syringe drive mecha-nism to travel to the UP position and the emulsif
42、ier motor tooperate for the cleaning operation.6.2.6.3 The START pushbutton, when depressed after theCLEAN cycle, initiates the automatic program sequence caus-ing the read indicator and the two ARROWED pushbuttons toilluminate, indicating that a full-scale adjustment period is ineffect. A numerical
43、 value also appears on the meter.6.2.6.4 By depressing the appropriate ARROWEDpushbutton, the displayed value on the meter can be increasedor decreased, as required, to attain the 100 reference level forthe vial of fuel sample in the turbidimeter.6.2.7 Mark X Operation:6.2.7.1 Selection of Test Mode
44、Aor Test Mode B program isaccomplished by depressing either the Jet A or Jet B letteredpushbutton. The depressed pushbutton illuminates and thesequential illumination of the other lettered pushbuttonsceases. The CLEAN 1 pushbutton also illuminates.6.2.7.2 The first and second clean cycles are initia
45、ted bydepressing the CLEAN 1 and CLEAN 2 pushbuttons. TheRUN pushbutton will illuminate at the end of the second cleancycle.6.2.7.3 The automatic portion of the test sequence is initi-ated by depressing the RUN pushbutton.6.2.7.4 The 100 reference level for the vial of fuel in theturbidimeter is set
46、 automatically and does not require anyadjustment. If the turbidimeter could not auto adjust to 100, theerror alert indicator illuminates and an ERR-04 is displayed.FIG. 1 Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Associated Control PanelFIG. 2 Micro-Separometer Mark X and Associated Control PanelD3948 14
47、36.3 Accessory equipment and expendable materials neededto perform the test are shown in Fig. 3 and consist of thefollowing:6.3.1 Syringe Plug, (A)A plastic plug used to stopper thesyringe during the CLEAN and EMULSION cycles.6.3.2 Syringe, (Barrel (B) and Plunger (C)A disposableplastic syringe.6.3.
48、2.1 Use of syringes other than those demonstrated to befree of surfactant contamination in a precision program such asdescribed in Section 12 will render test results invalid.6.3.3 Vials, (D), 25 mm outside diameter vial premarked forproper alignment in the turbidimeter well.6.3.4 Alumicel,9Coalesce
49、r (E), is an expendable, precali-brated aluminum coalescer cell with a tapered end to fit thesyringe. The coalescer has three labels as follows: AlumicelD3948JET FUEL.6.3.5 Pipet, (G) with Plastic Tip (F)An automatic handpipet with a disposable plastic tip.Apipet is supplied with eachMicro-Separometer.6.3.6 Water Container (H)A clean container of distilledwater (supplied with each six pack).6.3.7 Beaker, Catch Pan, or Plastic ContainerSuppliedwith each Micro-Separometer may be used to receive the wastefuel during the coalescence period
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